scholarly journals The relationship between chronic stress, emotion regulation and depressive symptoms in healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

The current study examined the association between chronic stress (measured in allostatic load or AL), ER, and depressive symptoms in a group of community-dwelling older adults. It was hypothesized that chronic stress levels would mediate the relationship between ER and depressive symptoms. A total of 70 older adults aged 60 and older participated in the study. There were no significant associations found in the main analyses between the AL index and depressive symptoms, as well as no significant relationship was found between ER strategies and AL index, after controlling for age, sex, education, and perceived SES. However, perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between maladaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms, and the relationship between adaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms. Given the small sample size and the lack of variability of the AL index, the study would benefit from a larger sample size to clarify the present results.

scholarly journals The relationship between chronic stress, emotion regulation and depressive symptoms in healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

The current study examined the association between chronic stress (measured in allostatic load or AL), ER, and depressive symptoms in a group of community-dwelling older adults. It was hypothesized that chronic stress levels would mediate the relationship between ER and depressive symptoms. A total of 70 older adults aged 60 and older participated in the study. There were no significant associations found in the main analyses between the AL index and depressive symptoms, as well as no significant relationship was found between ER strategies and AL index, after controlling for age, sex, education, and perceived SES. However, perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between maladaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms, and the relationship between adaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms. Given the small sample size and the lack of variability of the AL index, the study would benefit from a larger sample size to clarify the present results.

Relationship Between Frailty and Depression Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Social Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaru Jin ◽  
Huaxin Si ◽  
Xiaoxia Qiao ◽  
Xiaoyu Tian ◽  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives Frailty is associated with depression in older adults and reduces their social support. However, the mechanism underlying such relationship remains unclear. We aim to examine whether social support acts as a mediator or moderator in the relationship between frailty and depression. Research Design and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,779 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and older. Frailty, social support, and depressive symptoms were measured by the Physical Frailty Phenotype, Social Support Rating Scale, and five-item Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Data were also collected on age, gender, years of schooling, monthly income, cognitive function, number of chronic diseases, physical function, and pain. Results Linear regression models showed that subjective support and support utilization, but not objective support, mediated and moderated the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms. The Johnson–Neyman technique determined a threshold of 30 for subjective support, but not for support utilization, beyond which the detrimental effect of frailty on depressive symptoms was offset. Discussion and Implications Social support underlies the association of frailty with depression, and its protective role varies by type. Interventions on depression should address improving perceptions and utilization of social support among frail older adults rather than simply providing them with objective support.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms are associated with allostatic load among community-dwelling older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni W. Kobrosly ◽  
Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽  
Christopher L. Seplaki ◽  
Deborah A. Cory-Slechta ◽  
Jan Moynihan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Allostatic Load, Unhealthy Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms by Birthplace Among Older Adults in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 851-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Rodriquez ◽  
Melanie Sabado-Liwag ◽  
Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable ◽  
Anne Lee ◽  
Mary N. Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Count Range ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To assess whether unhealthy behaviors moderated the relationship between allostatic load (AL) and future significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) among 1,789 older Latinos. Method: Longitudinal data included baseline AL, three unhealthy behaviors (UBs), and 2-year follow-up SDS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, stratified by birthplace (U.S. vs. foreign born), modeled the effects of AL, UB count (range = 0-3), and their interaction on follow-up SDS. Results: Compared with U.S.-born, foreign-born participants engaged in fewer UBs (0.52 vs. 0.60 behaviors, p = .01) and had higher baseline SDS (31% vs. 20%, p < .001). Among foreign-born participants, the effect of AL on future SDS (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) significantly increased across UB counts of 0 to 3: 1.06 [0.83, 1.35], 1.46 [1.14, 1.87], 2.00 [1.18, 3.41], and 2.75 [1.18, 6.44], respectively. Discussion: Among foreign-born Latinos, these results were most pronounced for women and adults above age 80, which may represent higher risk groups requiring more intensive screening for depression.

scholarly journals Functional Gait Assessment: Concurrent, Discriminative, and Predictive Validity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Wrisley ◽  
Neeraj A. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Gait Assessment ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BackgroundThe Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a reliable and valid measure of gait-related activities.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity of the FGA in community-dwelling older adults.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study.MethodsThirty-five older adults aged 60 to 90 years completed the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG), and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) during one session. Falls were tracked by having participants complete a monthly fall calendar for 6 months. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine concurrent validity among the ABC, BBS, TUG, DGI, and FGA. To determine the optimum scores to classify fall risk, sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−) were calculated for the FGA in classifying fall risk based on the published criterion scores of the DGI and TUG and for the FGA, TUG, and DGI in identifying prospective falls. Receiver operator curves with area under the curve were used to determine the effectiveness of the FGA in classifying fall risk and of the DGI, TUG, and FGA in identifying prospective falls.ResultsThe FGA correlated with the ABC (r=.053, P&lt;.001), BBS (r=.84, P&lt;.001), and TUG (r=−.84, P&lt;.001). An FGA score of ≤22/30 provides both discriminative and predictive validity. The FGA (scores ≤22/30) provided 100% Sn, 72% Sp, LR+ of 3.6, and LR− of 0 to predict prospective falls.LimitationsThe study was limited by the length of time of follow-up and the small sample size that did not allow for evaluation of criterion scores by decade.ConclusionsThe FGA with a cutoff score of 22/30 is effective in classifying fall risk in older adults and predicting unexplained falls in community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals A Naturalistic Study of Driving Behavior in Older Adults and Preclinical Alzheimer Disease: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh M. Babulal ◽  
Sarah H. Stout ◽  
Tammie L. S. Benzinger ◽  
Brian R. Ott ◽  
David B. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clinical Consequence ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
One Year

A clinical consequence of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is impaired driving performance. However, decline in driving performance may begin in the preclinical stage of AD. We used a naturalistic driving methodology to examine differences in driving behavior over one year in a small sample of cognitively normal older adults with ( n = 10) and without ( n = 10) preclinical AD. As expected with a small sample size, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, but older adults with preclinical AD drove less often, were less likely to drive at night, and had fewer aggressive behaviors such as hard braking, speeding, and sudden acceleration. The sample size required to power a larger study to determine differences was calculated.

scholarly journals Independent and synergistic effects of pain, insomnia, and depression on falls among older adults: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiao Li ◽  
Minhui Liu ◽  
Xiaocao Sun ◽  
Tianxue Hou ◽  
Siyuan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Wave Period ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Independent Effects

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the relationship between falls and pain, insomnia and depressive symptoms which are common and risk factors in older adults. We aimed to examine the independent and synergistic effects of these risk factors on future falls among older adults. Methods We used data of 2558 community-dwelling older adults from 2011 (Y1) to 2015 (Y5) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Pain was determined by whether participants reported bothersome pain in the last month. Insomnia was assessed by two questions about how often the participants had trouble falling asleep and maintaining sleep. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used to examine the independent effects of pain, insomnia and depressive symptoms at prior-wave (period y-1) on falls at current wave (period y) adjusting for covariates (age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, living arrangement, BMI, smoking, vigorous activities, number of chronic illnesses and hospitalization). The significance of the three-way interaction of these factors (pain*insomnia*depression) was tested using the aforementioned GEE models to determine their synergistic effects on falls. Results Overall, the participants were mainly 65–79 years old (68%), female (57%) and non-Hispanic White (70%). At Y1, 50.0% of the participants reported pain, 22.6% reported insomnia and 9.9% reported depressive symptoms. The incidence of falls from Y2 to Y5 was 22.4, 26.0, 28.3, and 28.9%, respectively. Participants with pain (Odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.23–1.50) and depressive symptoms (OR, 95% CI = 1.43, 1.23–1.67) had high rates of falling adjusting for covariates. After further adjustment for insomnia and depressive symptoms, pain independently predicted falls (OR, 95% CI = 1.36, 1.22–1.51). Depressive symptoms also independently predicted falls after further adjusting for pain and insomnia (OR, 95% CI = 1.40, 1.20–1.63). After adjusting for pain and depression, the independent effects of insomnia were not significant. None of the interaction terms of the three risk factors were significant, suggesting an absence of their synergistic effects. Conclusions Pain and depressive symptoms independently predict falls, but synergistic effects seem absent. Further research is needed to develop effective strategies for reducing falls in older adults, particularly with pain and depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Complaining Behavior: The effect of different factors on Consumer Complaining Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Mehak Nazir ◽  
Nadia Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Complaining Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to comprehensively understand the determinants who affect the customer intention to complain to firm through an integrated model and also the effect of those determinants on the complaint intention and the relationship of those intentions with the complaining behavior.Design/Approach/Methodology: A quantitative research method was used based on self administered questionnaire with a sample size of 171 participants collected by using convenience sample and the results were tested through regression analysis.Findings/Results: The results shows that the complaining intention and attitude towards complaint have a significant relationship with complaining behavior while prior experience and controllability to complain have an insignificant relationship with complaining behavior. Attitude towards complaint and perceived possibility of success have a significant relationship with intention to complain. The antecedent prior experience has a significant relationship with perceived possibility of success and an insignificant relationship with attitude towards complaint. The variable controllability to complaint has a significant relationship with both perceived possibility of success and attitude towards complaint while Perceived alienation has a significant relationship with perceived possibility of success but insignificant relationship with attitude towards complaint.Limitations and recommendations: This study is conducted on a small level with small sample size. Due to which there are some insignificant relationships which can be prove as significant relationship if the sample size is large. A limited number of variables are discussed in this article. Other researchers can elaborate other variables affecting complaining behavior e.g. word of mouth, level of dissatisfaction etc.

scholarly journals Coping With Chronic Stress by Unhealthy Behaviors: A Re-Evaluation Among Older Adults by Race/Ethnicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Rodriquez ◽  
Steven E. Gregorich ◽  
Jennifer Livaudais-Toman ◽  
Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Objective: To assess the role of unhealthy behaviors in the relationship between chronic stress and significant depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity among older adults. Method: Participant data from the 2006 to 2008 Health and Retirement Study were analyzed. Unhealthy behaviors included current smoking, excessive/binge drinking, and obesity. Chronic stress was defined by nine previously used factors. The eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale measured depressive symptoms, where ≥4 symptoms defined significant. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the effects of chronic stress and unhealthy behaviors in 2006 on depressive symptoms in 2008. Results: A higher chronic stress index score predicted depressive symptoms in 2008 among African Americans, Latinos, and Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.48, 2.15]; aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.15, 2.05]; and aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = [1.26, 1.56], respectively). Unhealthy behaviors moderated this relationship among Latinos (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.02, 2.33]). Discussion: Unhealthy behaviors were not effective coping mechanisms for chronic stress in terms of preventing significant depressive symptoms. Instead, they strengthened the relationship between chronic stress and significant depressive symptoms among Latinos.

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