scholarly journals Victim Age Polymorphism In Stranger Serial Sexual Offences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Forensic Psychology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Deviant Arousal ◽  
Area Of Study

Victim age polymorphism describes a subset of serial sexual offenders who offend against victims from multiple age groups (Guay, Proulx, Cusson, & Ouimet, 2001). Research on victim age polymorphism is an important area of study as polymorphic offenders have been found to have high recidivism rates (Parent, Guay, & Knight, 2011). The current study provided an exploration of polymorphism in 72 sexual offenders who committed 361 stranger offences. Polymorphism occurred in 36% of offenders’ sexual offence series, with the majority of polymorphic offenders victimizing minors aged 11 to 14. In comparison to age specific offenders, polymorphic offenders were found to be a) younger at the start of their sexual offence series, b) more opportunistic, c) less concerned with victim characteristic, d) more likely to be antisocial, and e) a trend was observed that suggested they were more likely to show deviant arousal to rape. These results will be discussed within the contexts of Investigative and Forensic Psychology.

scholarly journals Victim Age Polymorphism In Stranger Serial Sexual Offences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Forensic Psychology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Deviant Arousal ◽  
Area Of Study

Victim age polymorphism describes a subset of serial sexual offenders who offend against victims from multiple age groups (Guay, Proulx, Cusson, & Ouimet, 2001). Research on victim age polymorphism is an important area of study as polymorphic offenders have been found to have high recidivism rates (Parent, Guay, & Knight, 2011). The current study provided an exploration of polymorphism in 72 sexual offenders who committed 361 stranger offences. Polymorphism occurred in 36% of offenders’ sexual offence series, with the majority of polymorphic offenders victimizing minors aged 11 to 14. In comparison to age specific offenders, polymorphic offenders were found to be a) younger at the start of their sexual offence series, b) more opportunistic, c) less concerned with victim characteristic, d) more likely to be antisocial, and e) a trend was observed that suggested they were more likely to show deviant arousal to rape. These results will be discussed within the contexts of Investigative and Forensic Psychology.

Reoffending among child sexual offenders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dowling ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Child Sexual Assault ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Child Sexual Offenders

This study examines reoffending among 1,092 male offenders proceeded against for a child sexual offence in New South Wales between 2004 and 2013, including 863 child sexual assault offenders, 196 child abuse material offenders and 33 procurement/ grooming offenders. Seven percent of child sexual offenders sexually reoffended within 10 years of their first police proceeding for a child sexual offence, while 42 percent non-sexually reoffended. Risk of sexual and non-sexual reoffending was highest in the first two years. Child sexual assault offenders were the most likely to reoffend non-sexually, while procurement/grooming offenders were the most likely to reoffend sexually. There was evidence of transition to other sexual offence types, but this varied between groups. Indigenous status, history of offending and the number of child sexual offences emerged as important predictors of reoffending, although risk profiles varied between offender types.

Public Perception of Sexual Offence: A Comparison

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Sebben
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Specific Factors

Studies show that, given the opportunity, most people would punish perpetrators of sexual assault more severely than those who commit other personal injury offences (Roberts, 1990). This study will attempt to explain why most people would prescribe harsher punishment to sexual offenders. Participants will take part in answering one of two questionnaires for the purpose of data collection, each with control variables. It is hypothesized that specific factors play a role in the belief that sexual offenders are a greater threat to individual and public safety than other offenders. These hypothesized factors include: risk to individual and public safety, lack of understanding with regard to sexual offences, belief that the offender has a greater likelihood to reoffend than non sexual offenders, and perception that treatment for sexual offending is not effective. Results from the study are anticipated to help explain why sexual offences are often thought to be more deserving of punishment than most other offences. It is anticipated that results will assist in providing a more complete understanding of sexual offences, both in public perception and in treatment.

Preventative Services for Sexual Offenders

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyne Piché ◽  
Jeffrey Mathesius ◽  
Patrick Lussier ◽  
Anton Schweighofer
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventative Interventions ◽  
Preventative Services

The role of primary prevention of sexual offences is an understudied area. The current study examined a sample ( N = 100) of men charged or convicted of a sexual offence to determine their interest in interventions that could be offered prior to offending, reasons for not seeking out interventions in the past, and demographic information including onset of deviant sexual fantasy and interests. The majority indicated that preventative interventions, including individual and group treatment, would have been beneficial, but inaccessibility of interventions and fear of arrest prevented them from seeking services. The findings suggest that men who progress to committing a sexual offence are interested in preventative interventions but require information regarding availability of accessible support and the development of primary prevention structures to fulfill society’s desire to prevent sexual offending.

scholarly journals When Misconduct in Public Office is Really a Sexual Offence

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-302
Author(s):  
Catarina Sjölin ◽  
Helen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Varied Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sexual Offences Act 2003

Misconduct in Public Office (MiPO) covers a wide and varied range of conduct. Beyond the defendant’s public office, there is no unifying conduct or result. A conviction for MiPO could represent putting pressure on a council official to move the route of a proposed road, or a police officer abusing his/her position for sexual gain. Sexual misconduct prosecuted as MiPO falls outside the usual regime for prosecuting and sentencing sexual offences, both obscuring the conduct by the label of MiPO and avoiding sexual offence specific consequences. To examine what kind of sexual offending MiPO has been covering, we analysed newspaper reports and appellate decisions since 2002. This enabled us to identify the conduct MiPO was being used to cover at charge, plea and conviction (or acquittal) stages. We found a significant amount of sexual misconduct being prosecuted as MiPO. We then analysed the sexual conduct to determine the “wrongs” involved, identifying particular categories. This enabled us to propose a new sexual offence (based on the Sexual Offences Act 2003 offences that are not founded on lack of consent), which marks the sexual wrong and enables a focus on the defendant’s abuse of position rather than the victim’s vulnerability. This article outlines the basis for our proposal to the Law Commission for reform of the common law offence of MiPO (as our second response to their consultations). Currently at the stage of Policy Development, the Commission aims to publish its report later this year.

scholarly journals Characteristics and associated factors of self-disclosed sexual aggression in a national representative sample of Belgian adults aged 16-69

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Schapansky ◽  
Ines Keygnaert ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Hands On ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
National Representative Sample

Sexual violence is a major public health, societal, and judicial problem worldwide. Studies investigating the characteristics of its offenders often rely on samples of convicted offenders, which are then biased by low reporting and conviction rates of sexual offences. The reliability of self-report studies of undetected sexual offenders, however, is threatened by underreporting of sexually aggressive acts. Despite these limitations, we argue that it is important to publish available data on self-disclosed sexual aggression to learn more about those who are more likely to report own sexual aggression and to further improve self-report methods. Based on a self-report study conducted in a representative sample (n = 4,693) of the Belgian general population aged 16 to 69, we provide lifetime and past-year prevalence rates of sexual aggression and report the characteristics of the events, including type, target, and the applied coercion strategies. A logistic regression analysis revealed factors associated with self-disclosed sexual aggression. Almost 4% of all participants reported at least one incident of hands-on sexual aggression. Men were more likely than women to report sexual aggression (aOR: 5.33 (95% CI:3.62-7.86). Furthermore, a history of sexual victimization was associated with sexual aggression. In most cases, the target was an (ex)partner or friend. About 4 in 5 perpetrators indicated that none of the given coercion strategies (i.e., force, threat, verbal pressure, or exploiting the victim’s incapacitation or the own position of authority) applied to the incident. Further research is needed to clarify under which circumstances sexual aggression occurs and which factors increase reporting thereof.

Comparing the Central Eight Risk Factors: Do They Differ Across Age Groups of Sex Offenders?

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 4278-4294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wilpert ◽  
Joan E. van Horn ◽  
Cyril Boonmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Rnr Model ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Reducing Recidivism ◽  
General Recidivism

Following the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered most effective in reducing recidivism when based on dynamic risk factors. As studies have found differences of these factors across age, exploring this seems beneficial. The current study investigates the Central Eight (C8) risk factors across six age groups of outpatient sex offenders ( N = 650). Results showed that recidivism rates and age were inversely related from 19 years and up. Half of the C8 did not predict general recidivism at all, substance abuse, antisocial cognition, antisocial associates, and history of antisocial behavior in only one or several age groups. However, factors differed between age groups, with the youngest group demonstrating the most dysfunction in several areas and the oldest group the least. It is concluded that the C8 risk factors seem to lose significance in the older age groups. Results may benefit targeting treatment goals.

An Update on Theories and Treatment of Sex Offenders

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-298
Author(s):  
Rejani Thudalikunnil Gopalan ◽  
Amrita Arvind
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Sex Offences

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the theories and treatments of sex offenders. Sex offence is a major public health and social problem, a violation of human right and has innumerable consequence for the victim, including the community at large. It becomes important for health service providers and policy makers to understand this problem, which is not yet clearly understood. This chapter discusses the concept and definitions of sex offences, briefing on the main theories of sexual offence and treatments. Though many theories and treatments are available, more researches are required for the causes, prevention and interventions of sexual offences to have better clarity in the causes and effectiveness of treatments.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Efficacy for Reducing Recidivism Rates of Moderate- and High-Risk Sexual Offenders: A Scoping Systematic Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Mpofu ◽  
James A. Athanasou ◽  
Christine Rafe ◽  
Scott H. Belshaw
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Sample Median

This literature scoping review compared recidivism rates of moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders who received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) oriented treatments. Ten empirical studies from 2001 to 2014 were selected for review that met the following criteria: (a) Treatment program included a CBT-based intervention with a comparative intervention; (b) participants included adult, male, moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders only; and (c) follow-up data for up to 12 months. Data were analyzed using a summative metric for recidivism rate comparisons ( N = 3,073 for CBT and N = 3,588, for comparison approaches). Sexual offense recidivism rates varied from 0.6% to 21.8% (with CBT) and from 4.5% to 32.3% (with comparison intervention). The within-sample median rate of violent recidivism with a history of sexual offense was 21.1% (with CBT) versus 32.6% (comparison). Sexual offenders had a general felonies (within-sample) median recidivism rate of 27.05% (with CBT) versus 51.05% (comparison). The evidence supports the conclusion that CBT in its various forms is an efficacious treatment modality to prevent offense recidivism by sexual offenders. Suggestions for future research are considered.

Marriage: A Get Out of Jail Free Card?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-190
Author(s):  
Siane Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
International Human

Abstract Marital rape is a particularly heinous form of sexual violence that occurs within intimate relationships. However, throughout much of the world, the marriage contract affords legal immunity to marital partners who would otherwise be convicted as sexual offenders. By reviewing the laws of the Commonwealth jurisdictions, this research highlights the necessity for reform in many jurisdictions that continue to allow for marital exemptions to sexual offending. This review identified three main forms of marital exemption, that is the general marital exemption to the primary sexual offence, the creation of spousal-specific sexual offences, and the use of marital exemptions to remove or reduce liability for sexual offences involving minors. The operation of these marital exemptions is then considered in the context of international human rights law and its prohibition on sexual violence within intimate relationships. An analysis of the jurisprudence surrounding Article 2 of CEDAW, Article 19 of the CRC and the prohibition of torture informs the argument that international human rights law requires the prohibition of marital exemptions to sexual offending throughout the Commonwealth nations. Marital exemptions continue to afford sexual offending with impunity across many Commonwealth jurisdictions in breach of the international human rights obligations of those nations and reform should occur in order to uphold the rights of sexual violence survivors.

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