scholarly journals Informal Market in Urban Setting in India: A Sociological Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Aayushi VERMA ◽  
Pawan KUMAR MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Informal Market

The formal and the informal market are two significant parts of the economy in India. However, the portion of the informal sector is more when contrasted with the formal one. The informal share of market, which eventually bolsters the conventional economy, is expanding step by step. These informal Markets give a special topic of sociological examination with regards to the informal economy. This paper intends to sociologically contextualize street vendors and weekly markets in the triangle shaped by the urban space, informal economy and state, and see how informal ness is conjured in formal metropolitan circle. This examination through different past investigations attempted to comprehend vendors profile of these market and their conduct with shoppers and among themselves. This paper investigates the profile of consumer and their conduct in urban weekly market. The conduct that the consumers show in looking for, buying, utilizing, assessing and discarding items and services that they expect will fulfil their necessities. Consumer behaviour is impacted by different components like individual, ecological and dynamic. This examination utilizes distinctive other recently distributed attempts to comprehend the idea of weekly market. Further this article also brings into light various problems faced by these informal markets and also talks about policies and legislation brought by government for their betterment.

scholarly journals A Framework for Enhancing the Spatial Urban Form of Informal Economies in India: The Case of Krishna Rajendra Market, Bangalore

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110231
Author(s):  
Shikha Patel ◽  
Raffaello Furlan ◽  
Michael Grosvald
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Indian City ◽  
Planning Policies

The International Monetary Fund estimates that the Indian economy contributes over 8% to the global gross domestic product (GDP), making India the fifth largest economy in the world. However, the formal and informal sectors do not contribute equally to the national GDP, with over 80% of this total originating from the informal sector. Street vending, among other informal activities in India, is a vital contributor to the informal economy. Many scholars argue that despite the critical influence of physical urban patterns on the practicability and viability of informal activities, urban planners are not providing adequate urban planning policies. Bangalore, the third largest Indian city by population, is the subject of the present case study. Although this city hosts a wide variety of cultures, economies, and lifestyles, 74% of its population can be categorized as working in the informal sector. The goals of this research study are (a) to explore spatial planning in relation to the urban informal sector in Central Bangalore, (b) to identify the physical urban challenges experienced by the city’s street vendors, and (c) to examine the implications of these challenges for the city’s master plan. Through interviews, surveys, and site analysis (mapping), This study elucidates (a) the challenges experienced by the area’s stakeholders (i.e., vendors and buyers), (b) the limited planning of the spatial urban form by urban planners with regard to the accommodation of informal economic activities, and accordingly, (c) the need to implement spatial planning policies and design regulations appropriate to Bangalore’s high-density marketplace.

Policies of Exclusion: Space, Time, and the Informal Economy in Chicago

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Alejo ◽  
Amy Schoenecker
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Food Trucks ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Vulnerable Workers

Encouraged by neoliberal policies promoting entrepreneurialism and free markets, many cities have begun to try and formalize informal industries using schemes including new regulations and licenses. However, given the importance of controlling urban space, many of these policies often continue to marginalize vulnerable workers who operate in public space. Comparing the outcomes of formalization for three industries in Chicago between 2012 and 2015—pedicabs (bicycle operated cabs), food trucks, and street vendors, this article finds that an effect of formalization has been policies of exclusion in the form of spatial and temporal bans, severely limiting where and when informal workers are allowed to operate. The findings suggest that a simplistic emphasis on formalization, without an accompanying discussion on uneven geographies or considerations on the intersection of uses and the users of space, is misplaced.

scholarly journals Permasalahan Lokasi Pedagang Kaki Lima dalam Ruang Perkotaan

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Retno Widjajanti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Sector Theory

Urban development is inseparable from the problem of the urban informal. The informal sector is a sector that will always grow and thrive. Various issues that arise in urban development is the problem of the location of the activity space street vendors (PKL) in the urban space. The problem of space activity occurs in the informal street vendors space settlements or urban space. PKL is one of the supporters of the activity in a public space that can be categorized as an 'activity support'. These activities tend to be located in a place according to its activity. Meanwhile, there is little discussion of urban street vendors in view space. Until now, the discussion is more to the economic, social and policy. In addition, many of the types of activities studied, space requirements, physical arrangement and the arrangement of the display / architectural aesthetics. The methodology used in conducting the study concerns the location of street vendors in the urban space using the method of literature revie. Given this method, can identify deficiencies / weaknesses of the informal sector theory and the theory of space to determine the location of street vendors in urban spaces. The conclusion of this research is to study the behavior of PKL space that affect the determination of the location of trade.Abstract : Urban development is inseparable from the problem of the urban informal. The informal sector is a sector that will always grow and thrive. Various issues that arise in urban development is the problem of the location of the activity space street vendors (PKL) in the urban space. The problem of space activity occurs in the informal street vendors space settlements or urban space. PKL is one of the supporters of the activity in a public space that can be categorized as an 'activity support'. These activities tend to be located in a place according to its activity. Meanwhile, there is little discussion of urban street vendors in view space. Until now, the discussion is more to the economic, social and policy. In addition, many of the types of activities studied, space requirements, physical arrangement and the arrangement of the display / architectural aesthetics. The methodology used in conducting the study concerns the location of street vendors in the urban space using the method of literature revie. Given this method, can identify deficiencies / weaknesses of the informal sector theory and the theory of space to determine the location of street vendors in urban spaces. The conclusion of this research is to study the behavior of PKL space that affect the determination of the location of trade.

scholarly journals “The street is ours”. A comparative analysis of street trading, Covid-19 and new street geographies in Harare, Zimbabwe and Kisumu, Kenya

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kiaka ◽  
Shiela Chikulo ◽  
Sacha Slootheer ◽  
Paul Hebinck
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Urban Food Security ◽  
Street Trading ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
City State ◽  
Abstract Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThis collaborative and comparative paper deals with the impact of Covid-19 on the use and governance of public space and street trade in particular in two major African cities. The importance of street trading for urban food security and urban-based livelihoods is beyond dispute. Trading on the streets does, however, not occur in neutral or abstract spaces, but rather in lived-in and contested spaces, governed by what is referred to as ‘street geographies’, evoking outbreaks of violence and repression. Vendors are subjected to the politics of municipalities and the state to modernize the socio-spatial ordering of the city and the urban food economy through restructuring, regulating, and restricting street vending. Street vendors are harassed, streets are swept clean, and hygiene standards imposed. We argue here that the everyday struggle for the street has intensified since and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Mobility and the use of urban space either being restricted by the city-state or being defended and opened up by street traders, is common to the situation in Harare and Kisumu. Covid-19, we pose, redefines, and creates ‘new’ street geographies. These geographies pivot on agency and creativity employed by street trade actors while navigating the lockdown measures imposed by state actors. Traders navigate the space or room for manoeuvre they create for themselves, but this space unfolds only temporarily, opens for a few only and closes for most of the street traders who become more uncertain and vulnerable than ever before, irrespective of whether they are licensed, paying rents for vending stalls to the city, or ‘illegally’ vending on the street.

Money Multiplier Bias Due to Informal Sector: An Extension of the Existing Money Multiplier

2021 ◽  
pp. 227797872097988
Author(s):  
Khurrum S. Mughal ◽  
Friedrich G. Schneider ◽  
Faheem Aslam ◽  
Alishba Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Money Multiplier ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
The Impact

To demonstrate the impact of informal economy on the official money multiplier in currency supply, we present an extension of the basic money multiplier model. The influence of economic policies may differ if they are based only on official statistics without considering the informal sector. Since most of the activities in informal sector are hidden from authorities, it is widely assumed that these activities are based on cash transactions, a part of total currency that cannot be attracted towards deposits due to the holder’s fear of prosecution and taxation, etc. Therefore, it is expected that such currency holdings can give biased results by playing a role in the money multiplier, a phenomenon that is usually ignored while attempting to alter money supply. The article also indicates that because of informal sector, the currency deposit ratio in the money multiplier is smaller than expected (depending on size of the informal sector), leading to a larger multiplier effect. JEL Codes: E26, E51, O17

ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN THE AMUR REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Alexeeva ◽  
◽  
O.A. Tsepelev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Level Of Education

The article analyzes the structure of people employed in the informal economy of the Amur region. The structure of employees by level of education and age groups is considered.

scholarly journals An Estimation of the Informal Economy in Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othmane Bourhaba ◽  
Hamimida Mama
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Mimic Approach

<p>The paper attempts to both measure the size of the informal economy in Morocco and knows its tendency through the MIMIC approach. We calculated the size of the informal economy during the period 1999-2015. Our estimates show that this hidden part of economy constitutes 42.9% of the official GDP in 2015, and also show that there is a growth and a positive tendency of the informal economy in Morocco. The rise of corruption, the growth of the rate of urbanization and the tax burden play a determinant role in the magnification of the informal sector in Morocco.</p>

Urban space and the politics of socially engaged art

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie Sachs Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
The Political ◽  
Urban Theory ◽  
Socially Engaged Art ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Critical Urban Theory ◽  
Definition Of

This paper interrogates the political potential of socially engaged art within an urban setting. Grounded in Lefebvrian and neo-Marxist critical urban theory, this political potential is examined according to three analytics that mark the definition of ‘politics’ in this context: the (re)configuration of urban space, the (re)framing of a particular sphere of experience and the (re)thinking of what is taken-for-granted. By bringing together literatures from a range of academic domains, these analytics are used to examine 1) how socially engaged art may expand our understanding of the link between the material environment and the production of urban imaginaries and meanings, and 2) how socially engaged art can open up productive ways of thinking about and engaging with urban space.

scholarly journals Informality and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yelwa ◽  
A. J. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Demand Deposit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>The paper examines the impact of informal sector activities on economic growth in Nigeria between 1980-2014. The contributions of informal sector activities to the growth of Nigerian economy cannot be over emphasized. It is the source of livelihood to the majority of poor, unskilled, socially marginalized and female population and is the vital means of survival for the people in the country lacking proper safety nets and unemployment insurance especially those lacking skills from formal sector jobs. The relationship between informality and economic growth is not clear because the sector is not regulated by the law also there is no concrete evidence that this sector enhances growth because the sector’s contributions to growth is not measured. The use of endogenous growth model becomes relevant in this study. The theory emphasizes the role of production on the long-run via a higher rate of technological innovation. The variables that were tested are official economy nominal GDP, informal economy nominal GDP, currency in circulation, demand deposit, ratio of currency in circulation to demand deposit, narrow money, informal economy as percentage of official economy. ADF test was conducted to establish that the data series of all variables are stationary t levels. Having established the stationarity test we also, conducted causality test of the response of official economy nominal GDP to informal economy nominal GDP. In conclusion, the impact of informal sector economy on economic growth in Nigeria is quiet commendable. Even though, the relationship between informality and economic growth is not straight. The paper recommended thus, the need for the government to integrate the activities of the informal economy into formal sector and size of the sector is measured and regulated because their roles are commendable. As it will improve tax collection and enhance fiscal policy.</em></p>

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