scholarly journals Monetary Policy of the State in a Recession

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
M. M. Oganesyan ◽  
◽  
O. V. Dmytrenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Government

The coronavirus pandemic and measures for curbing it have a serious negative impact not only on people’s health, but also on their well-being. Countries are experiencing a decline in GDP, rising unemployment and poverty. Many governments are trying to support businesses and individuals through various fiscal and monetary measures. The COVID-19 pandemic reached Ukraine when the national economy was already in poor condition. The effects of the recently introduced quarantine, including slowed or halted production and declining trade, can only worsen the situation. The government does not have sufficient economic resources to get out of the near-term crises in both the healthcare and the economy. The way forward is likely to include, in addition to international aid, not only short-term measures to mitigate the immediate effects of the pandemic, but also long-term planning to build a more robust economy and its «inoculation» against future shocks. The relevance of the research topic is based upon the matter that governments of many world countries pay enough attention to the problem of development of the national economy and stimulating the growth rate of the economy. Of course, it is difficult to imagine the development of the economy without a fundamental base that will be included in the financial system of the country. The basis of effective operation of the financial system in the country’s economy are such elements of monetary policy, using which it is possible to ensure a steady pace of economic growth.

scholarly journals Features and trends of offenses in economic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Olena Parshyna ◽  
Yuriy Parshyn
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Complex Monitoring ◽  
Economic Crimes

Offenses have a negative impact on the socio-economic development of the country and make a threat to the security of the national economy. Systematic analysis of the offenses in the sphere of economic activity with the quantitative as-sessment of their reimbursement and identification of the main trends during the research has been carried out. The offenses in the field of economic activity are the object of the research. The research subjects are scientific, methodological and applied aspects of the offenses analysis in relation to the main types of economic activity in the national economy. It has been noted that the criminal situation in our country is characterized by increasing in the economic crimes. Economic crimes are becoming systematic and have organized character. The high level of correlation between the unemployment situation and the negative crimes trends has been discovered. Economic crimes include economic, political, legal, socio-psychological and organizational reasons and conditions. The complex monitoring system in order to solve problem of the combating economic crimes has been proposed. The effectiveness of such system can be achieved in two main ways. The first way concerns the development of measures that is aimed at the economic crimes preventing. Thus, we have the reduction of the crimes number. The second way involves the development of measures for the disclosure of the committed offenses of economic nature and the achievement of full reimbursement for the incurred losses. However, an important component of the complex system should be the ability to monitor, forecast and identify these sectors of the economy in which the possible offenses in the strategic foresight should be expected. The continuous monitoring with forecasting enables to develop and implement the appropriate preventive measures. Studies of the economic activities with their efficiency in the formation of GDP of Ukraine have been conducted. Dynamics of the committed offenses on the types of economic activity has been analyzed. The quantitative assessment of the material losses reimbursement of these offenses has been provided. The main causes of the committed offenses in the economic sectors have been considered. The national measures for the prevent economic crimes are: strengthening of the role and increasing of the trust to the government and its institutions; paradigm shift of the decision-making mechanism in the field of credit and financial system; development of the special mechanisms for preventing of the destabilizing tendencies both at the level of regional development and at the level of national economy. The complex monitoring system allows to identify sectors of the national economy in the aspect of strategic forecasting. Monitoring enables to develop the preventative measures which are aimed at the improving of the environment, creating of the preconditions for the economic growth and improving of the well-being of population.

scholarly journals Changes in Subjective Well-Being Over Time: Economic and Social Resources do Matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. l. Moro-Egido ◽  
M. Navarro ◽  
A. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article analyzes the main determinants of changes in subjective well-being over time in Germany distinguishing between long-term and short-term changes. Our findings for the long term indicate that social capital and values and cultural dimensions have the greatest capacity to predict changes in subjective well-being. Likewise, the correlation between economic resources and subjective well-being is weaker due to the small increase registered in household income and because people compare their income with those who are better off and feel envy. In the short term, economic resources have the highest capacity to predict both improvements (ups) and declines (downs) in subjective well-being. Finally, we also suggest that, whenever information is available, personality traits should be taken into account in the analysis of changes in subjective well-being over time in order to achieve more reliable estimates.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC INFLATION IN THE INTERACTION OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND REGARDING THE ASPECT OF DINAMIC CAUSALITY

Ekonomika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Dainius Butautas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Interest Rate Change ◽  
Insight Into

Systematic analysis of the development of understanding the causes of inflation, taking supply and demand conditions as the central axis, offers a deeper insight into the inflation process and its essence. It is obvious that the long-term inflation impacting human, productive and financial resources can in no way be justified by extremely short-term benefits to a country’s budget or to monopolistic structures. Analysis of the literature clarifies and confirms the fact that in order for inflation to occur and significantly accelerate, the growth of demand factors must exceed that of supply factors during several years. The research shows that the policy of encouraging the demand, and thus a significant and long-lived inflation, is possible only in non-competitive oligopolistic economies marked by corruption and provoking emigration. On the other hand, adjustment of demand instruments to changes in supply is rather a result of fair competition. Interest rate change as an independent factor is shown to be important for the inflation process, especially for deflation, and therefore for the economy. Moreover, it is not completely clear whether delayed is the cause of inflation or its result, but it is obvious that the negative impact of delayed demand, as delayed human and social well-being, results in weaker supply and thereby also in higher poverty and inflation, all of them encouraging a more thorough examination of this problem. Analysis of the phenomenon of inflation over a historic period provides a realistic picture of this problem and shows the ways how to solve it.

Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Annette Brose
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

Positive Emotions

2009 ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cohn ◽  
Barbara L. Fredrickson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Broaden And Build Theory ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Very High ◽  
Future Growth

Positive emotions include pleasant or desirable situational responses, ranging from interest and contentment to love and joy, but are distinct from pleasurable sensation and undifferentiated positive affect. These emotions are markers of people's overall well-being or happiness, but they also enhance future growth and success. This has been demonstrated in work, school, relationships, mental and physical health, and longevity. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that all positive emotions lead to broadened repertoires of thoughts and actions and that broadening helps build resources that contribute to future success. Unlike negative emotions, which are adapted to provide a rapid response to a focal threat, positive emotions occur in safe or controllable situations and lead more diffusely to seeking new resources or consolidating gains. These resources outlast the temporary emotional state and contribute to later success and survival. This chapter discusses the nature of positive emotions both as evolutionary adaptations to build resources and as appraisals of a situation as desirable or rich in resources. We discuss the methodological challenges of evoking positive emotions for study both in the lab and in the field and issues in observing both short-term (“broaden”) and long-term (“build”) effects. We then review the evidence that positive emotions broaden perception, attention, motivation, reasoning, and social cognition and ways in which these may be linked to positive emotions' effects on important life outcomes. We also discuss and contextualize evidence that positive emotions may be detrimental at very high levels or in certain situations. We close by discussing ways in which positive emotions theory can be harnessed by both basic and applied positive psychology research.

scholarly journals Transdisciplinary AI Observatory—Retrospective Analyses and Future-Oriented Contradistinctions

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nadisha-Marie Aliman ◽  
Leon Kester ◽  
Roman Yampolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Ai Safety

In the last years, artificial intelligence (AI) safety gained international recognition in the light of heterogeneous safety-critical and ethical issues that risk overshadowing the broad beneficial impacts of AI. In this context, the implementation of AI observatory endeavors represents one key research direction. This paper motivates the need for an inherently transdisciplinary AI observatory approach integrating diverse retrospective and counterfactual views. We delineate aims and limitations while providing hands-on-advice utilizing concrete practical examples. Distinguishing between unintentionally and intentionally triggered AI risks with diverse socio-psycho-technological impacts, we exemplify a retrospective descriptive analysis followed by a retrospective counterfactual risk analysis. Building on these AI observatory tools, we present near-term transdisciplinary guidelines for AI safety. As further contribution, we discuss differentiated and tailored long-term directions through the lens of two disparate modern AI safety paradigms. For simplicity, we refer to these two different paradigms with the terms artificial stupidity (AS) and eternal creativity (EC) respectively. While both AS and EC acknowledge the need for a hybrid cognitive-affective approach to AI safety and overlap with regard to many short-term considerations, they differ fundamentally in the nature of multiple envisaged long-term solution patterns. By compiling relevant underlying contradistinctions, we aim to provide future-oriented incentives for constructive dialectics in practical and theoretical AI safety research.

scholarly journals The interplay of gender, social context, and long-term unemployment effects on subjective health trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Altweck ◽  
Stefanie Hahm ◽  
Holger Muehlan ◽  
Tobias Gfesser ◽  
Christine Ulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values

Abstract Background While a strong negative impact of unemployment on health has been established, the present research examined the lesser studied interplay of gender, social context and job loss on health trajectories. Methods Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel was used, which provided a representative sample of 6838 participants. Using latent growth modelling the effects of gender, social context (East vs. West Germans), unemployment (none, short-term or long-term), and their interactions were examined on health (single item measures of self-rated health and life satisfaction respectively). Results Social context in general significantly predicted the trajectories of self-rated health and life satisfaction. Most notably, data analysis revealed that West German women reported significantly lower baseline values of self-rated health following unemployment and did not recover to the levels of their East German counterparts. Only long-term, not short-term unemployment was related to lower baseline values of self-rated health, whereas, in relation to baseline values of life satisfaction, both types of unemployment had a similar negative effect. Conclusions In an economic crisis, individuals who already carry a higher burden, and not only those most directly affected economically, may show the greatest health effects.

Italy's politics without policy: Balancing Atlanticism and Europeanism in the Middle East

Modern Italy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella A. Del Sarto ◽  
Nathalie Tocci
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Specific Interests ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
The Eu

Focusing on Italy's Middle East policies under the second Berlusconi (2001–2006) and the second Prodi (2006–2008) governments, this article assesses the manner and extent to which the observed foreign policy shifts between the two governments can be explained in terms of the rebalancing between a ‘Europeanist’ and a transatlantic orientation. Arguing that Rome's policy towards the Middle East hinges less on Italy's specific interests and objectives in the region and more on whether the preference of the government in power is to foster closer ties to the United States or concentrate on the European Union, the analysis highlights how these swings of the pendulum along the EU–US axis are inextricably linked to a number of underlying structural weaknesses of Rome's foreign policy. In particular, the oscillations can be explained by the prevalence of short-term political (and domestic) considerations and the absence of long-term, substantive political strategies, or, in short, by the phenomenon of ‘politics without policy’ that often characterises Italy's foreign policy.

Individual Differences in the Vitamin Model of Well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Warr
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Nonlinear Associations

Prominent among frameworks of well-being is the Vitamin Model, which emphasizes nonlinear associations with environmental features. The Vitamin Model has previously been described through average patterns for people in general, but we need also to explore inter-individual variations. For presentation, those differences can either be viewed generically, based on divergence in age, personality and so on, or through short-term episodes of emotion regulation, such as through situation-specific attentional focus and reappraisal. Both long-term and short-term variations are considered here.

العلاقة التبادلية بين سعر الصرف وأسعار الأسهم دراسة تطبيقية في سوق اسطنبول للأوراق المالية للمدة 2005-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
سعدالله ألنعيمي
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate

The study aims to analyzing the reciprocal relationship between the nominal exchange rate of the Turkish lira versus the U.S. dollar and the stock prices of the companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) expressed in the general market index for the period from 2005 to 2020 with 192 monthly observations, based on the traditional theory and the theory of portfolio balance model in theoretical interpretation for that relationship, aiming to identify the effect of the exchange rate on stock prices, as well as to analyze the causal relationship between those variables and to identify which of them is the cause or which is the result, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The research found that the exchange rate has a positive effect on stock prices in the long term, despite the emergence of the negative impact in the short term, but the long-term relationship has corrected the course of the short-term relationship with a time period not exceeding one month, in addition to proving that this relationship takes one direction. From the exchange rate towards stock prices, that is, the exchange rate is the reason and stock prices are the result, therefore the results of this research helps investors to predict future trends of stock prices depending on the exchange rate changes, and it also enables the companies, especially those with foreign transactions, to manage price risks the exchange rate in order to avoid its negative impact on its share price, as it represents an obstacle to achieving its main goal of maximizing the share price

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document