scholarly journals Diversity of Vegetation in The Natural Forests of Londut Samosir Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Marulam MT Simarmata
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Path Measurement ◽  
The Creation

Londut protected forest contains mixed forest vegetation in the form of natural forest vegetation and there is forest vegetation of former industrial plant forest management, as well as natural tusam vegetation (Pinusmerkusii), also has the privilege of existing conditions that still have natural biodiversity in the form of natural tropical forest vegetation. The research aims to find out the variation and dominance of the type of forest vegetation contained in the area, so that initial information will be obtained in the framework of planning and management of the area. The implementation of research is carried out by the determination of plot methods, and the creation of inventory plots, the creation of inventory plots according to growth rate, inventory path, measurement of vegetation dimensions, and identification. The inventory plot method is carried out with a net system (nested sampling) with an inventory path length of 500 m with a repeat of 5 lanes whose placement is evenly spread over the Londut forest area to get representation. The results showed 31 types of vegetation growing in the region. Based on the diversity of types included in the moderate category as well as the value of the level of the type in the low class. The dominance of vegetation types at the level of seedlings, stake, and poles is occupied by hosting vegetation types (Quercus sp) with magnitudes of 25.90%, 33.94%, and 37.61% respectively. For the level of trees dominated by the type of Tusam (Pinusmerkussii) 57.71%.

scholarly journals Shifts in ecological strategy spectra of typical forest vegetation types across four climatic zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Han ◽  
Jihong Huang ◽  
Runguo Zang
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Ecological Strategies ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Warm Temperate

AbstractEcological strategy spectrum is the relative proportion of species in different categories of ecological strategies in a biotic community. Here, we explored ecological strategy spectra in typical forest vegetation types across four climatic zones in China. We classified ecological strategy categories by using the “StrateFy” ordination method based on three leaf functional traits. Results showed that the predominant ecological strategies of species in the tropical rainforest were CS-selected, and the predominant categories in the evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest and warm-temperate coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest were CSR and S/CSR categories respectively, whereas those in the cold-temperate coniferous forest were the S-selected ones. Ecological strategy richness of forest vegetation decreased significantly with the increase of latitude. The categories of ecological strategies with more component S increased while those with more component C decreased with the change of typical forest vegetation types from tropical rainforest through evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest and warm-temperate coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest to cool-temperate coniferous forest. Our findings highlight the usefulness of Grime’s C-S-R scheme for predicting the responses of vegetation to environmental changes, and the results are helpful in further elucidating species coexistence and community assembly in varied climatic and geographic settings.

A New Species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
Karinne Sampaio Valdemarin ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
Fiorella Fernanda Mazine ◽  
Vinicius Castro Souza
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A new species of Eugenia from the Atlantic forest of Brazil is described and illustrated. Eugenia flavicarpa is restricted to the Floresta de Tabuleiro (lowland forests) of Espírito Santo state and is nested in Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia. Considering all other species of the subgenus that occur in forest vegetation types of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain, Eugenia flavicarpa can be distinguished mainly by the combination of smooth leaves with indumentum on both surfaces, with two marginal veins, usually ramiflorous inflorescences, pedicels 4.5‐9.7 mm long, flower buds 3.5‐4 mm in diameter, and by the calyx lobes that are 2‐3 mm long with rounded to obtuse apices. Morphological analyses were performed to explore the significance of quantitative diagnostic features between the new species and the closely related species, Eugenia farneyi. Notes on the habitat, distribution, phenology, and conservation status of Eugenia flavicarpa are provided, as well as a key for all species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia from forest vegetation of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain.

scholarly journals Natural Protected Areas as Providers of Ecological Connectivity in the Landscape: The Case of the Iberian Lynx

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Iván Barbero-Bermejo ◽  
Gabriela Crespo-Luengo ◽  
Ricardo Enrique Hernández-Lambraño ◽  
David Rodríguez de la Cruz ◽  
José Ángel Sánchez-Agudo
Keyword(s):  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Iberian Lynx ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Connectivity ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Conservation Plans

The design of conservation plans for the improvement of habitats of threatened species constitutes one of the most plausible possibilities of intervention in the structure and composition of the landscape of a large territory. In this work we focus on the Iberian lynx in order to establish potential ecological corridors using ecoinformatic tools from the GIS environment to improve connectivity between the existing natural spaces within the scope of its historical distribution. We processed 669 records of the presence of the lynx and six predictor variables linked to the habitat of the species. With this, corridors have been generated between natural areas. The determination of possible bottlenecks or dangerous areas (e.g., hitches on highways) allows for focusing efforts on their conservation. This type of approach seeks to improve efficiency in the design of measures aimed at expanding the territory’s capacity to host its populations, improving both its viability and that of all the other species that are linked to it. The proposals for action on the specific areas defined by the models elaborated in this work would imply interventions on the land uses and existing vegetation types in order to improve connectivity throughout the territory and increase the resilience of its ecosystems.

PLANNING OF LOGISTICS SUPPORT FOR THE DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD E-WASTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THI THU HUONG ◽  
◽  
O. N. LARIN ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Garbage Collection ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost

The article describes the factors associated with the planning of logistics support for the disposal of household electronic waste. Identifying these factors plays an important role in coordinating to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the costs of recycling e-waste at all stages of the supply chain from the source of waste to where it is accumulated and then recycled. The article describes the importance of such processes as: the development of a method for determining the volume of household electronic waste generated in the administrative-territorial district, the creation of a network of waste collection points, the determination of the amount and throughput of waste collection points, the need to organize garbage collection from the place of collection at the lowest cost. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of official statistics from the five most populous cities in Vietnam and thirty regions of Hanoi.

scholarly journals Just culture: “Evidence”, power and algorithms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney W. A. Dekker ◽  
James M. Nyce
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Just Culture ◽  
Iatrogenic Harm ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Power Play

Background: The notion of “just culture” has become a way for hospital administrations to determine employee accountability for medical errors and adverse events. Method: In this paper, we question whether organizational justice can be achieved through algorithmic determination of the intention, volition and repetition of employee actions. Results and conclusion: The analysis in our paper suggests that the construction of evidence and use of power play important roles in the creation of “justice” after iatrogenic harm. 

scholarly journals Composition of Vegetation Types and Structures in Gunung Ciremai National Park Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Agusyadi Ismail ◽  
Yayan Hendrayana ◽  
Dadan Ramadani ◽  
Sri Umiyati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
High Level

Abstract Mount Ciremai National Park forest that area had been encroached. Because of that condition, stand structure especially the species composition and vegetation structure need to be researched. The aim of this research was to identify plant species and analyze forest vegetation structure. This research was conducted between March–April 2018 in the 15.500 ha area with 0.02% sampling intensity. Data was collected using grid line method that consisted of 34 sample plots with the 10 m distance between the plots and 20 m between the lines. The numbers of identified plant species at the research location were 43 species, classified by 10 families and 24 genera. Cinnamomum sintoc has a high level of dominance species. The forest vegetation was consisting by the different growth phases. The tree phase has the highest density of 3672 species/ha, while the seedling phase was lowest density of 1060 species/ha. The forest crown stratification were consisting of A, B, C, D and E stratum. The highest number of plants were from C strata for 4651 trees and the least from A strata with 25 trees with the highest tree was 42 m. Could be concluded that the composition of Mount Ciremai National Park forest have so many number of species and complex structure vegetation forest.

Improving the accuracy of the synthesis of the amplitude-phase distribution in an antenna array with an arbitrary geometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Gabrielyan ◽  
Dan.S. Fedorov ◽  
Den.S. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Arbitrary Geometry ◽  
Radiating Element ◽  
Path Measurement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Single Approach

Problem statement. One of the constructing antenna arrays (AA) topic is related to the determination of complex amplitudes at the input of the antenna-feeder path, which, taking into account the distortions introduced by the its, ensure the formation of an amplitude-phase distribution (APD), in which the formed DP differed minimally from the set one. The statement of the problem assumes the known number and coordinates of the location of the emitters, the DP of the radiating element in the composition of the radiating opening, a given radiation pattern. It is required to form an APD in a given opening of the AA, which ensures the formation of a DP that has a minimum deviation from the specified one. To solve the problem, the following algorithm is proposed: determination of the APD at the input of the antenna-feeder path, which ensures the formation of a given DP in the absence of distortions introduced by the antenna-feeder path; measurement for the selected directions of the generated DP with the selected APD in the presence of APD distortions introduced by the antenna-feeder path; formation of a refined APD that ensures the fulfillment of required condition in the presence of distortions introduced by the antenna-feeder path of the AA. Objective. Minimize the root-mean-square deviation of the generated PD from the one specified for the AP with the opening of an arbitrary geometry. Results. The results obtained showed: The formulation of the problem of synthesis of the APD allows us to consider, within the framework of a single approach, AA with different geometries, including AA with a non-planar radiating opening, no restrictions are imposed on the shape of the boundary, and linear (quasi-ring) AA, the emitters of which are located along an arbitrary mane. Using the proposed algorithm for the synthesis of APD, which includes three main stages: the formation of APD for a given DP; measurement of complex values of the generated DP; refinement of the APD by determining the corrections while minimizing the standard deviation (SD) between the specified and formed at the first stage of the DP, allows us to form an APD that provides a minimum SD between the specified and formed DP. The performed studies have shown that when choosing the number of angular directions in each plane, comparable to the number of emitters in this plane, there is a large difference between the given and formed DP. When the number of angular directions for measuring the DP is approximately three times greater than the number of emitters in a given plane, the SD between the specified and formed DP is close to the minimum value and practically does not change with further increase.

Preliminary studies of the initial segments of the trajectory of a shell shot load fired from a 12 calibre shotgun

2016 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bogiel ◽  
◽  
Krzysztof Ćwik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Determination Of Parameters

12 calibre guns and ammunition can be subjected to forensic examination, often there is a need to determine the distance a shot was fired. The article presented a new way to carry out such studies and focused on visualization and the determination of parameters forming a fired, shot cluster. The examination uses a high-speed camera and software for the analysis of the recorded films. As a result of the research dimensions and speed of the creation of a cluster of fired shot were achieved.

10. Easements and Profits

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
Rosalind Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Legal Question ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
The Creation

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary, and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter looks at easements and profits considering in particular: types of easement (eg express and implied easements); the nature of an easement; the creation of easements; and other rights, such as profits à prendre. The question of whether the categories of easement can be extended is a popular debate, and the quotation ‘the categories of easements are not frozen’reflects this. Modern useages may be highly relevant in the determination of this legal question.

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