Professional Identity Formation of Early Career Music Therapists

In this study, 15 early career music therapists were interviewed about their academic, clinical, personal, and early professional experiences to define the key characteristics of their professional identity formation. Subsequent analysis of these data revealed that for these music therapists, early career identity formation was characterized by 3 developmental tasks: (1) formulating a professional identity, (2) identifying and practicing a preferred working style, and (3) moving from a single approach to practice and drawing from a variety of theories and approaches. Furthermore, their early career identity formation was characterized by 4 sequential subphases: (1) openness to change, (2) experiencing complexity, (3) freeing up, and (4) increased confidence. Barriers to healthy identity formation were also discussed. Implications for education and training, along with the importance of facilitating mentorship opportunities for early career professionals, were proposed to connect the findings to academic and professional life.

System of Zemstvo Elections According to Regulations on Zemstvo Institutions of 1890 in Estimates of Russian Periodicals

The article is devoted to the little-studied issue of the reaction of the Russian periodicals to changes in the zemstvo electoral legislation in accordance with the Regulations on zemstvo institutions in 1890. The positions of the leading conservative (“Moskovskie vedomosti”, “Grazhdanin”, “Russian Review”, “Russian Bulletin”, “Novoye Vremya”), liberal (“Novosti”, “Nedelya”, “Bulletin of Europe”, “Russian Thought”, “Russkie vedomosti”, “Sudebnaya Gazeta”) and populist (“Russian wealth”, “Novoye Slovo”, “Severny Vestnik”) editions. The attitude of periodicals to key changes in the system of zemstvo elections is shown: the establishment of estate electoral meetings, the privileged position of the nobility, a change in the order of representation from peasants, the deprivation of voting rights for Jews, a change in the procedure for approving members and chairmen of zemstvo councils. The authors argue that certain provisions of the new electoral law did not suit both conservative and liberal and populist publications. At the same time, there was no single approach within each of these groups. Some conservative publications in their proposals and criticism were close to the liberal ones (“Novoye Vremya”), and vice versa (“Novosti”, “Nedelya”). In general, each of the editions focused mainly on individual changes, criticizing or supporting them, as well as proposing their own versions of their changes.

THE ESSENCE OF COMMON METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Today, knowledge of foreign languages is required to avoid barriers to communication between people around the world. Thus, learning foreign languages is relevant at almost any age.The purpose of this article is to consider the generally accepted methods and determine the effectiveness of each of them during training. To achieve fluency in a foreign language, it is necessary to divide foreign language communicative competence into a number of components and develop them both individually and in combination. Each of the models is a separate and independent method that can be used to improve certain components of foreign language communicative competence. The main components include: the development of speech, writing, reading, and the study of vocabulary. There is no single approach in the scientific literature to determine the structure of foreign language communicative competence, as the general form of this competence can be presented in a set of components such as linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence. Therefore, it is not possible to dwell on a specific method as ideal for the formation of competence, as each of them has its disadvantages and advantages. The formation of foreign language communicative competence requires a long and careful study of the material offered by a teacher who uses a certain method.

Outcomes and indications of the single approach to double-channel core decompression and bone grafting with structural bone support for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

BackgroundTo report the outcomes of the single approach to double-channel core decompression and bone grafting with structural bone support (SDBS) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and define the indications.MethodsOne-hundred-and-thirty-nine hips in 96 patients (79 males, 17 females; mean age 37.53±10.31 years, range 14–58 years; mean body mass index 25.15±3.63 kg/m2) were retrospectively analysed. The Harris hip score (HHS) was used to assess hip function, and radiographs were used to assess the depth of femoral head collapse. Treatment failure was defined as the performance of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The variables assessed as potential risk factors for surgical failure were: aetiology, Japanese Osteonecrosis Investigation Committee (JIC) type, age, and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage. Complications were recorded.ResultsThe HHS increased from 79.00±13.61 preoperatively to 82.01±17.29 at final follow-up (P=0.041). The average HHS improvement was 3.00±21.86. The combined excellent and good rate at final follow-up (65.6%) was significantly higher than that before surgery (34.5%) (P=0.000). On radiographic evaluation, 103 (74.1%) hips remained stable, while 36 (25.9%) had femoral head collapse or aggravation of ONFH. THA was performed in 18 hips. Thus, the overall femoral head survival rate was 87.05% (121/139). The success rate was adversely affected by JIC type, but not by aetiology, age, or ARCO stage. The only complication was a subtrochanteric fracture in one patient.ConclusionThe SDBS effectively delays or even terminates the progression of ONFH, especially type B and C1. The SDBS is a good option for early-stage ONFH.

Transformation of Civil Law Regulation of Bank Lending to Environmental Entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation and the European Union

Introduction: the paper considers the study of the issues of the civil law regulation of bank lending to environmental entrepreneurship through the analysis of such concepts as “green banking”, “environmental entrepreneurship”, and “social goal of green financing”. Purpose: the author examines the concept and features of bank lending to environmental entrepreneurship, their essential features, highlighted by the civil doctrine and used by judicial practice. Using the methods of scientific cognition, primarily the method of systematic and comparative analysis, the author identifies the constitutive features of bank lending to environmental entrepreneurship by applying an essential-substantive approach to the study of the concept of environmental entrepreneurship and its development in Russia with the help of bank lending. Results: it is established that there is no single approach to understanding bank lending to environmental entrepreneurship in the modern scientific literature. To determine the main approaches to understanding bank lending to environmental entrepreneurship, the author’s approaches to the definition of this phenomenon are systematized. Conclusions: the author concludes that there are no methodologically sound approaches to the financing of environmental entrepreneurship in the banking sector. It seems that the solution to such a problem is possible by creating a universal framework for the methodological support of risk assessment to apply bank lending to environmental entrepreneurship.

Biosimilars: evolution of approaches to the development, regulation, life cycle control and interchangeability management

The legal framework for biosimilar medicinal product was first established in 2004 in the European Union and later in the USA. Since then, based on the scientific and regulatory experience with biosimilarity assessment, regulatory approaches have evolved considerably. A clear understanding of the capabilities of each development stage in assessing comparability in terms of power to identify differences and assess their relevance to the final clinical outcome gradually accumulated. In addition to the commitment to the biosimilarity approach, it is important to comply with the general requirements applicable to any drugs produced at an industrial scale. Experience showed that the demonstration of biosimilarity based on a range of analytical and functional tests and mainly clinical pharmacological studies is universal and allows extrapolating therapeutic indications. The establishment of biosimilar interchangeability, since the active substance by definition is a version of the active substance of the corresponding reference biological product, can introduce additional difficulties. A single approach to the establishment of biosimilar interchangeability has not yet been developed.

Students Perceived Employability: A Systematic Literature Search and Bibliometric Analysis

Among higher education students, perceived employability gained eminence in the last decades that attracted scholarly interests. Researchers theoretically and empirically studied the perceived employability though; inadequate preliminary review studies exist on this topic. Available researches mostly concentrated on a single approach. Thus, this study carried out a comprehensive review that comprised a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis that might boost understandings in the body of the literature. In the research process, the Scopus database from the 2008 to 2021 periods was used. The researchers set the search criteria that allowed the inclusion of 59 papers published in 45 peer-reviewed international journals. The paramount influential papers and prolific authors formulated the unit of this analysis. Furthermore, for the identification of thematic clusters and creating network maps, VOS viewer software was deployed. Citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence of keywords analysis have generated interesting patterns which articulate the study results. The findings revealed enlightening insights on the content and characteristics of perceived employability, publication trends, highly cited papers, productive authors, contributing countries, repetitive themes, productive journals, and also unveiled gaps providing avenues for upcoming research works.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF THE BUDGETARY RULE IN AZERBAIJAN

Currently, in the scientific literature, there are different approaches to the need to apply budget rules and to assess their results, and there is no single approach to the need, effectiveness of their application and impact on the economy. It is clear that the application of appropriate budgetary rules in practice is necessary as an instrument of financial discipline. However, the results of the application of budget rules in different countries show that the use of this mechanism, if in some cases yields positive results, in others, leads to dramatic negative consequences. The above requires appropriate research and justification of the need, effectiveness and possible consequences of the application of budgetary rules in Azerbaijan. At present, there are different approaches in the scientific literature to assess the need for the application of budget rules and their results, and there is no consensus on the need for the application of these rules, their effectiveness and their impact on the economy. It is clear that the existence (application) of relevant budget rules in practice is necessary as an instrument of financial discipline. However, the results of the application of budget rules in different countries show that the use of this mechanism, if in some cases provides positive results, in other cases leads to sharp negative consequences. The above requires that relevant research be conducted and substantiated on the necessity, effectiveness and possible consequences of the application of budget rules in Azerbaijan. This article explores these issues. Keyword: budget rules, efficiency, world practice, theoretical approaches.

Integrated disease management to control gall rust disease on the seedling and sapling of Falcataria moluccana

Several control methods have been developed to control the disease caused by Uromycladium falcatariae. However, it is still used a single approach that may not receive satisfactory results. This study applied integrated disease management that consisted of physical, chemical, and biological approaches to reduce gall rust disease incidence. In the nursery, the control methods used were selecting nursery location, applying the biological agent Trichoderma sp, and regular spraying with fungicides. Meanwhile, after planting, the control methods used were regularly spraying with fungicides, pruning the infected tissues, and fertilizer application. Three active ingredients were used for fungicide application: tebuconazole, a mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, and tribasic copper sulfate. The result showed no gall rust disease incidence in the seedling until it was ready for planting (4 months old). In addition, the application also gave positive results on seedling growth performance compared to the control. After planting, the incidence of gall rust disease can be reduced between 16.5-32.5% when the saplings were three months old and 14.3-26.3% when the saplings were ten months old. Fungicide with the active ingredient, a mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, showed more effective protection against gall rust disease infection compared to other active ingredients.

Legal regulation of introduction in Ukraine

The article considers the peculiarities of the legal regulation of introduction. The basis for research in this area is that among the anthropogenic factors that negatively affect the structural elements of the ecological network, biological and landscape diversity in general, at the present stage should be noted scientifically unsubstantiated introduction of individual flora and fauna. That is why the legal regulation of these relations and the consolidation of both a clear terminological apparatus and a proper legal mechanism for their implementation, which will allow the national legislation to regulate the introduction of all kinds, is becoming relevant. This article outlines the provisions of national and international legislation in this area, as well as the meaning of the terms "introduced species" and "invasive species" and their relationship in terms of law. The legal classification of introduction is given, its value for legal standardization of ecological relations is revealed. The author substantiates the need to develop a single categorical-conceptual apparatus for regulating relations in the field of implementation of all natural objects. This work becomes especially relevant given that today among scientists there is no single approach to the relationship we are considering, moreover, there is no independent research in this area. It is established that relations in the field of introduction occupy a special place in environmental legislation, as they can be considered in the context of the use and reproduction of natural resources, as well as the protection of biological diversity and the environment as a whole. Equally important, the legal regulation of the introduction depends not only on the introduced objects, but also on the purpose and method of introduction (for example, to regulate the number of objects of fauna, flora, aquaculture or introduction to reproduce forests, etc.).