scholarly journals THEORETICAL MODEL OF A PERSON WITH A HANDICAP COMPLEX AND THE MAIN FORMS OF ITS MANIFESTATION

Author(s):  
Arts O.V.

Objectives. The purpose of the article is to present to specialists in the field of psychology a model of a personality disabled person’s personality, which has signs of ‘‘a handicap complex’’, that in the future, will allow a differentiated approach to the issue of prevention and correction of occurrence of this complex. Methods. The study design is a meta-analysis of publications with levels evidence and a level recommendation. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CrossRef, AO Spine, Eurospine, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY, and MEDLINE databases, and in references of key articles. Results.The number of disabled people in Ukraine is growing rapidly, which is becoming a significant social political problem of our time. The general fundamental problem to be solved by the vector of scientific research is to develop basic psychological foundations for the full and comprehensive rehabilitation of disabled people who, as a result of desocialization tendencies, acquire the status of social outsiders and require social and psychological assistance.The article is devoted to the psychological analysis of peculiarities of handicap complex manifestation in humans with disabilities due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). The paper clarifies the concept of handicap as a social phenomenon that is updated by the negative perceptions of disabled people and the category of «handicap complex» is revealed. Handicap is a symptom complex that is inherent in the disabled and manifests itself in a feeling of inferiority. It is accompanied by the presence of negative emotional states, also is changes in the structure of the “self-concept” of the individual, which arose as a result of feelings due to a disability. Analysis of the factors that make a disabled person feel inferior, strive for isolation and show signs of maladjustment indicate that the handicap phenomenon is acquiring a separate scientific status, primarily is due to a destructive effect on the entire system of social and psychological life of people. It is the «handicap» presence that hinders the progress of a social adaptation, a personal development in a society of disabled people to the greatest extent and destroys their mental health. It should be noted that the health problems of people with special needs in our country are specific due to the weak social protection of people in this category. Conclusion. This poses a number of problems for Ukrainian psychologists, the result of which solving will be to improve the quality-of-life disabled people, to develop psychological and pedagogical programs for their development. The purpose of the article is to present to specialists in the field of psychology a model of a personality disabled person’s personality, which has signs of ‘‘a handicap complex’’.Key words: handicap, disabled, spinal cord injury, disability. Мета. Представити фахівцям у галузі психології модель особистості неповносправного, який внаслідок ушкодження хребта та спинного мозку має ознаки «комплексу гандикапу», що надалі дозволить комплексно підійти до питання попередження та корекції виникнення цього комп-лексу. Методи. Систематичній аналізуючий огляд літературних джерел із запропонованої теми. Використовувався метааналіз публікацій з рівнем доказовості та рівнем рекомендацій. Проведено електронний пошук по базах даних PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CrossRef, AO Spine, Eurospine, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY, MEDLINE та по бібліографії ключових статей. Результати. Кількість інвалідів в Україні стрімко зростає, що стає вагомою соціально-політичною проблемою сьогодення. Загальна фундаментальна проблема, на вирішення якої спрямовано вектор наукового пошуку, зумовлена нагальною потребою вироблення базових психологічних засад повноцінної і всебічної реабілітації неповносправних, які внаслідок десоціалізаційних тенденцій потре-бують соціально-психологічної допомоги.У результаті дослідження з’ясовано, що практично не зустрічається праць, присвячених питанню психології гандикапізму. У науковій традиції ця тема залишається не розробленою ні в теоретичній, ні в практичній, прикладній площині. На підставі дослідження зроблено психологічний аналіз особ-ливостей прояву комплексу гандикапу у людей з обмеженими фізичними можливостями внаслідок спинальної травми. Роз’яснено поняття «гандикапізм» як соціальне явище, яке актуалізується негативним уявленням щодо неповносправних та розкрито поняття категоріі «комплекс гандикапу». «Ганди-кап» – це симптомокомплекс, який властивий інвалідизованим і проявляється у відчутті неповноцінності. Це супроводжується наявністю негативних емоційних станів, а також змінами у структурі «Я-концепції» особистості, які виникли внаслідок почуттів через наявність неповносправності. Аналіз факторів, що змушують неповносправного почуватись неповноцінним, прагнути до ізоляції та виявляти ознаки дезадаптації, свідчить про те, що явище гандикапізму набуває окремого наукового статусу, в першу чергу через руйнівний вплив на всю систему соціального та психологічного життя людей. Саме наявність «гандикапу» найбільшою мірою заважає прогресу в соціальній адаптації, розвитку особистості в суспільстві інвалідів та руйнує їхнє психічне здоров’я. Висновки. Слід зазначити, що проблеми зі здоров’ям людей з особливими потребами в нашій країні специфічні через слабкий соціальний захист людей цієї категорії. Це висуває перед вітчизняними психологами низку проблем, результат розв’я-зання яких полягатиме у поліпшенні умов життя інвалідів, розробці психолого-педагогічних програм їхнього розвитку.Ключові слова: гандикапізм, инвалідизовані, спиномозкова травма, неповносправність.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna Raguzzini ◽  
Elisabetta Toti ◽  
Tommaso Sciarra ◽  
Anna Lucia Fedullo ◽  
Ilaria Peluso

Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) and in veterans with SCI who use antibiotics improperly for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Cranberry (CB) has been suggested for UTI prevention. Methods. We performed a systematic search up to May 2020 in the following databases: AccessMedicine, BioMed Central, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and PubMed. Quality assessment was performed using a specifically designed quality score. Risk ratio was calculated with both random effect model analysis (DerSimonian-Laird method) and quality effect model analysis (Doi Thalib method). Results. Six studies on bacteriuria and SCI were reviewed. From the four studies available for meta-analysis, two of which with individuals taking both CB and control, 477 data from 415 participants were analysed (241 CB and 236 control). No significant differences were detected with meta-analysis. However, bias, limitations, and incompleteness were observed in the reviewed studies. Conclusion. Although further studies are needed, we suggest an accurate monitoring of diet and fluid intake, the evaluation of risk for potential food or nutraceutical interactions with drugs, and the inclusion of inflammatory markers among the outcomes in addition to UTI.


2015 ◽  
Vol 8s1 ◽  
pp. MRI.S23556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Kolesar ◽  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Stephen D. Smith ◽  
Jennifer Kornelsen

Objective To assess the use of fMRI of the spinal cord in measuring noxious stimulation. Methods The Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched, along with the reference lists of included articles. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, full-text articles, and extracted data. Original research was included if fMRI of the human spinal cord was used to measure responses to noxious stimulation. Results Of the 192 abstracts screened, 19 met the search criteria and were divided according to their focus: investigating pain responses ( n = 6), methodology ( n = 6), spinal cord injury ( n = 2), or cognition–pain interactions ( n = 5). All but one study appear to have observed activity in ipsilateral and dorsal gray matter regions in response to noxious stimuli, although contralateral or ventral activity was also widely observed. Conclusions Although nociception can be investigated using spinal fMRI, establishing reliability, standardizing methodology, and reporting of results will greatly advance this field.


Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Louis D. V. Johnson ◽  
Mark R. Pickard ◽  
William E. B. Johnson

Animal models have been used in preclinical research to examine potential new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. MSC transplants have been studied in early human trials. Whether the animal models represent the human studies is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis has examined the effects of MSC transplants in human and animal studies. Following searches of PubMed, Clinical Trials and the Cochrane Library, published papers were screened, and data were extracted and analysed. MSC transplantation was associated with significantly improved motor and sensory function in humans, and significantly increased locomotor function in animals. However, there are discrepancies between the studies of human participants and animal models, including timing of MSC transplant post-injury and source of MSCs. Additionally, difficulty in the comparison of functional outcome measures across species limits the predictive nature of the animal research. These findings have been summarised, and recommendations for further research are discussed to better enable the translation of animal models to MSC-based human clinical therapy.


Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1043-1060
Author(s):  
Hanxiao Yi ◽  
Yang Wang

Abstract Context There are no recommended therapeutic agents for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the pathophysiological complexity of the injury. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of various exosomes and potential factors impacting the efficacy of exosomes. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases to systematically collect articles comparing the locomotor function of SCI rodents undergoing exosome treatment and untreated SCI rodents. No language was preferred. Results Pooled analysis revealed that the locomotor function recovery of SCI rodents receiving exosomes was greatly improved (583 rats, 3.12, 95% CI: 2.56–3.67, p < 0.01; 116 mice, 2.46, 95% CI: 1.20–3.72, p < 0.01) compared to those of control rodents. The trial sequential analysis demonstrated the findings of the meta-analysis with the cumulative Z-curve crossing the upper monitoring boundary for the benefit and reaching the adjusted required information size. However, the origin of the exosome, SCI model, and administration method determined the therapeutic effect to some extent. Conclusions Despite the proven therapeutic effects of exosomes on SCI rodents, the results should be interpreted cautiously considering the diversity in vivo and in vitro in relation to future trials.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Leister ◽  
Thomas Haider ◽  
Georg Mattiassich ◽  
John L. K. Kramer ◽  
Lukas D. Linde ◽  
...  

Objective. To examine (1) if serological or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) if literature provides recommendations regarding timing and source of biomarker evaluation. Data Sources. A systematic literature search to identify studies reporting on diagnostic and prognostic blood and/or CSF biomarkers in SCI was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and PEDro. Study Selection. Clinical trials, cohort, and pilot studies on patients with traumatic SCI investigating at least one blood or CSF biomarker were included. Following systematic screening, 19 articles were included in the final analysis. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this review. Data Extraction. Independent extraction of articles was completed by 2 authors using predefined inclusion criteria and study quality indicators. Data Synthesis. Nineteen studies published between 2002 and April 2019 with 1596 patients were included in the systematic review. In 14 studies, blood biomarkers were measured, 4 studies investigated CSF biomarkers, and 1 study used both blood and CSF samples. Conclusions. Serum/CSF concentrations of several biomarkers (S100b, IL-6, GFAP, NSE, tau, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1, pNF-H, and IP-10) following SCI are highly time dependent and related to injury severity. Future studies need to validate these markers as true biomarkers and should control for secondary complications associated with SCI. A deeper understanding of secondary pathophysiological events after SCI and their effect on biomarker dynamics may improve their clinical significance as surrogate parameters in future clinical studies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-595
Author(s):  
Sarah Earle ◽  
Lindsay O’Dell ◽  
Alison Davies ◽  
Andy Rixon

Abstract Research examining the effects of spinal cord injury on sexuality has largely focused on physiological functioning and quantification of dysfunction following injury. This paper reports a systematic review of qualitative research that focused on the views and experiences of people with spinal cord injury on sex and relationships. The review addressed the following research question: What are the views and experiences of people with spinal cord injury of sex, sexuality and relationships following injury? Five databases were relevant and employed in the review: CINAHL (1989–2016 only), PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, for research published between 1 January 1980 and 30 November 2019. After removing duplicates, 257 records remained and were screened using a two-stage approach to inclusion and quality appraisal. Following screening, 27 met the criteria for inclusion and are reported in the paper. The review includes studies from fifteen countries across five continents. Two main approaches to data analysis summary and thematic synthesis were undertaken to analyze the qualitative data reported in the papers. The analysis revealed four main themes: sexual identity; significant and generalized others, sexual embodiment; and; sexual rehabilitation and education.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Sabit ◽  
Frederick Adam Zeiler ◽  
Neil Berrington

Purpose: To perform a scoping systematic review on the literature surrounding mean arterial pressure (MAP) and functional outcomes post traumatic acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature via searching MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2015. We also performed a handsearch of various published meeting proceedings. Through a 2-step review process, employing 2 independent reviewers, we selected articles for the final review based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Nine studies were included in the final review. Only 2 were prospective studies. All studies documented some degree of objective functional outcome in relation to MAP posttraumatic ASCI. Four studies documented a relation between higher MAP and improved functional outcome. Five studies failed to show any relationship between MAP and functional outcome. Conclusions: Although no definitive conclusions could be reached based on the data collected, this study does give valuable insight into future avenues of research on the topic of hemodynamic management in traumatic ASCI as well as provides guidelines for refinement of future study design.


2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. e246-e258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengmin Guo ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yujie Xie ◽  
Xi Luo ◽  
Shaojun Zhang ◽  
...  

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