ASSESSMENT OF RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER SOURCES FROM SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
M. K. Jibril ◽  
N. N. Garba ◽  
R. Nasiru ◽  
N. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Radiological Health

Radon concentration in water is one of the major problems of radiation protection in recent years. This work assessed the radon concentration in water sources from Sabon Gari, local government area, Kaduna State. The water samples were collected and analyzed using Liquid scintillation counter (Tri-Carb-LSA1000).  The overall mean radon concentration of the waters samples was found to be 14.9 BqL-1, which is higher than the maximum permissible limit of 11.1 BqL-1 by USEPA and the world average value of 10 BqL-1 by UNSCEAR and WHO. The overall Annual effective dose (AED) due to inhalation of radon is calculated to be 37.6 μSvy-1. This value is less than the permissible limit of 100 μSvy-1 set by WHO. Also, the overall AED due to ingestion is estimated as 109.0, 154.2, and 180.4 μSvy-1 respectively for both Adult, children and Infant, which is slightly higher than the WHO permissible limit of 100 μSvy-1 for adults and less than the permissible limit of 200 μSvy-1 for children. This result shows that the inhabitants of Sabon Gari local government are safe from any radiological health related effects that may result from the inhalation of radon gas. Also, both Children and Infant are safe from any immediate radiological health risk, but for Adults, consuming any of the water sources (Well, Borehole and Surface) over a prolong period of time is not completely safe and may result in radiological health hazard

Evaluation of parasitic contamination of local potable water sources in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Pam ◽  
A. Ombugadu ◽  
V.A. Adejoh ◽  
A.A. Idris ◽  
D.D. Pam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Government Area

scholarly journals Assessment of Economically Accessible Groundwater Reserve and Its Protective Capacity in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Using Electrical Resistivity Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. George ◽  
E. U. Nathaniel ◽  
S. E. Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Salt River ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Method ◽  
Groundwater Reserve

The application of geophysical method employing vertical electrical sounding (VES) method in combination with laboratory analysis of aquifer sediments has been used to access the economically accessible groundwater reserve and its protective capacity in some parts of Eastern Obolo Local Government area, the eastern region of the Nigerian Niger Delta. Schlumberger electrode configuration was used to sound twelve VES to occupy the areas that have borehole locations and accessibility for the spread of current electrodes to at least 1000 m. Based on the results, the safe and economic aquifer potential has groundwater reserve of about 168480558±18532861 m3. The desired aquifer thickness and its depth of burial have average value of 52.02 m and 73.14 m, respectively. The area has a fair protective capacity. This is indicated by 58.33% weak, 16.67% moderate, and 25% good protective capacity for the area. This study was done in one of the oil cities, where contaminated Salt River water is used as the major source of water for domestic uses and it is believed that the settlers will appropriate this result and sue for safe groundwater at the indicated depths.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SAFE GROUNDWATER SOURCES IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA: A BASELINE STATUS FOR MONITORING PROGRESS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
O. I Ndububa
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Monitoring Progress

The performance status of access to safe water sources in a community is determined by the percentage of the population using domestic water sources that meet international standards. Nigeria achieved a total of about 67% of the population with access to safe water sources by 2015 at the end of the period of the Millennium Development Goals. Ensuring universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all requires investment inadequate infrastructure, this requirement led to the investigation of facilities currently available in Bauchi State of Nigeria. A baseline survey was conducted in the State towards monitoring progress on development goals, the baseline survey covered safe water sources and health facilities in State. It was found that Dambam Local Government Area recorded the highest access of 60.6% of the population with access to safe water sources, 33.33% of the population in Bauchi Local Government Area has access to public safe water sources while the lowest access recorded 5.26% in Toro Local Government Area. The functionality status of installed safe water sources in the State is currently low; Bauchi Local Government Area recorded a functionality status of 46% for the public motorized schemes and 66% functionality status for the handpump equipped boreholes. It was recommended that in working towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal number 6, massive repair and rehabilitation exercise is required to be carried out on non-functional water supply sources in the State to improve the access to safe water sources.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Well and Stream Water Sources from Ikwerre, Emohua and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
A. A. Okwelle ◽  
B. E. Asikong ◽  
J. A. Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily reliant on well and stream water as the main source of water supply for drinking and domestic use due to the inadequate provision of potable pipe borne water. These groundwater sources can easily be fecally contaminated and thus, increase the incidence and outbreaks of preventable waterborne diseases. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of some well and stream waters sources in Ikwerre, Emohua and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State. Methodology: Twenty-four sampling sites with 8 from each Local Government Area were randomly selected for this study. A total of 48 samples, 2 from each of the sites were collected aseptically for 12 months. Samples were analysed using membrane filtration technique for total heterotrophic bacterial count and total coliform count. The well and stream water samples were also cultured for E. coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio sp. Results: The results show that Emohua Local Government Area had the highest total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.2 x 103 cfu/ml. This was followed by Ikwerre LGA with total bacterial count of 4.3 x 102 cfu/ml, while Etche LGA had 3.1 x 102 cfu/ml. The total coliform count ranged from 25 cfu/100ml to 50 cfu/100ml for the three LGA’s, whereas the faecal coliform count was between 12 cfu/100ml and 20 cfu/100ml. The total coliform, E. coli, Salmonella and Vibrio counts from the three local government areas occurred above the WHO stipulated zero count in 100ml of water. Conclusion: The results from this study showed contamination of all the wells studied with faecal coliforms thus, indicating the presence of other enteric pathogens and a potential source for waterborne disease outbreaks. Well water in Ikwerre, Emohua and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State are not safe for drinking without additional treatment like disinfection or boiling. Periodic testing and constant monitoring of these water sources should also be done to meet up with the World Health Organization Standards in the provision of safe, clean drinking water. 

scholarly journals Comparativ e assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources from Enyigba Community in Abakaliki Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloke Chinyere ◽  
Ephraim Uzuegbu Ifeanyi ◽  
Nkemjika Ogbu Patience ◽  
Ike Ugwuja Emmanuel ◽  
Frederick Orinya Onyebuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

scholarly journals Gamma Radiation Levels of Some Selected Government Farms in Rivers State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
A. Nwii Abayiga ◽  
G. O. Avwiri ◽  
C. P. Ononugbo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
The Mean

Human are exposed to Background Ionizing radiation (BIR) due to the consumption of crops from fertilized farms within the study area.an in-situ measurement of BIR exposure rate in six fertilized farms and the unfertilized farm aws carried out using a well calibrated portable nuclear radiation detector (Digilert 200). and Geographical positioning system (GPS) for measuring the geographical location. The BIR of the selected local government area varies from 0.012 mR/hr to 0.022 mR / hr and the higher BIR value recorded in Khana, Obio / Akpor, Ahuoda east and Emuoha Local Government area (0.015 mR/hr, 0.015 mR / hr , 0.014 mR/hr , 0.014 mR / hr . While the mean value of Eleme and Gokana were within the permissible limit of 0.013 mR/hr and the BIR of the unfertilized farm was lower than the standard value of 0.013 mR/hr.the mean of absorbed dose varies from 1131 nGy / hr to 122.1nGy/hr which was higher than the recommended safe limit of 84.0 nGy / hr UNSCEAR 2008.The mean of ELCR varies from 0.63 to 0.72x10-3 which is higher than the world average value. The AEDE varies from 0.14 to 0.33 mSv / yr which are below the recommended permissible limit of 1.0 mSv / yr for general public. The effective dose to different body organs are below the recommended limit of 1.0 mSv / yr. The study shows that fertilized farms are contaminated due consistence application of fertilizers during cultivation, but the contamination does not have any direction health effect on individual who consumed crops from fertilized farms but there is the potential for long term health hazards in future such as Cancer due to consistence consumption of crops from fertilized farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of environmental gamma dose in northern Rechna Doab in Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Arshad Bhatti ◽  
Syed Ahmad ◽  
Waheed Arshed ◽  
Perveen Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dosimetry System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiological Health ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Environmental gamma radiation levels in northern Rechna Doab, Pakistan, were measured as a part of systematic study aimed at the establishment of the background data base of radiation and radioactivity levels. The measurements reported in this paper were made with portable radiation monitor which employed GM tube and was calibrated against secondary standard dosimetry system. The average absorbed dose rate in air was determined to vary from 86.0 nGy/h to 139.1 nGy/h with the mean value of 109.1 nGy/h. The annual effective dose remained within the range of 105.47 mSv to 170.54 mSv with its average value of 133.73 mSv. These environmental radiation doses in the area were comparable with those reported for other countries. It was concluded that the prevalent radiation levels did not pose any significant radiological health hazard to the population.

scholarly journals Soil to Cassava Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides in Farms in Ini Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Akaninyene Akankpo ◽  
Ime Essien ◽  
Alice Nyong ◽  
Etido Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
World Standard ◽  
Radiological Health

Knowledge of activity concentration of radionuclides in soil of our farmlands and the consequent transfer factors of the radionuclide to plants are necessary to estimate the contamination level of the soil, plants and food. The activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soils and cassava in Ini Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were measured using gamma spectrometry. Activity concentrations of radionuclides in soils in the locations ranged from BDL (below detectable limit) to 298.76 ± 21.40 Bq/Kg for 40K; BDL to 7.95 ± 1.88 Bq/Kg for 238U and 2.59 ± 0.25 to 16.56 ± 1.61 Bq/Kg for 232Th. Activity concentration of the radionuclides in cassava in all locations ranged from 213.96 ± 15.38 Bq/kg to 520.58 ± 37.25 Bq//Kg for 40K; BDL to 33.02 ± 8.91  Bg/Kg for 238U and BDL to 16.34 ± 1.59 Bq/kg for 232Th. The activity concentrations of all the radionuclides were lower than the world standard.  Transfer factors obtained ranged between 3.21 to 4.18 for 40K; 0.93 to 12.64 for 238U and 0.75 to 1.01 for 232Th. Effective ingestion dose due to the consumption of cassava from the studied area obtained ranged between 1.31 to 1.74 mSv/yr and 3.52 to 4.69 mSv/yr for children and adult respectively. These values are above the 1.0 mSv/yr recommended dose limit for general public, therefore the consumption of this food stuff could pose a radiological health effect on humans. However the risk could be minimized when the cassava is cooked.

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