Perfil social y perfil antropométrico en el atletismo peruano juvenil de élite

Revista ECIPeru ◽

10.33017/reveciperu2011.0014/ ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 81-89

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Body Composition ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Junior Athletes ◽

The Social ◽

San Marcos ◽

High Level ◽

Anthropometric Profile

Perfil social y perfil antropométrico en el atletismo peruano juvenil de élite Social profile and anthropometric profile in the elite Peruvian junior athletics Salim Bravo EAPEF, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Germán Amezaga s/n Lima 1, Lima, Perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0014/ RESUMEN En este estudio se determinó el perfil antropométrico (n=82): forma, composición y proporcionalidad corporal, y el perfil social (n=71), estatus socioeconómico, de los atletas juveniles peruanos según su nivel de rendimiento (nivel nacional y nivel internacional). Asimismo, se establecieron correspondencias entre sus especialidades, el nivel de rendimiento, el perfil antropométrico y el perfil social de estos atletas. Los resultados muestran que los velocistas y los saltadores fueron predominantemente mesomórficos. Los fondistas nacionales fueron meso-ectomórficos. Se observó que a medida que el nivel de rendimiento aumenta, los velocistas disminuyen sus cantidades de masa grasa. En los saltadores, con el aumento del nivel competitivo, la masa grasa y la masa de piel disminuyen. Los fondistas nacionales poseen una menor adiposidad subcutánea comparada con la de los velocistas. Comparado con otras pruebas (velocidad, saltos y fondo de nivel nacional), los lanzadores poseen características antropométricas más grandes y un mayor peso corporal. Los atletas juveniles peruanos pertenecen principalmente al nivel socioeconómico A. En conclusión, los atletas juveniles peruanos se encuentran divididos o categorizados morfológica y socioeconómicamente. Los atletas peruanos que se aproximen a las características morfológicas y sociales de los atletas internacionales y olímpicos estarán en mejores posibilidades de alcanzar el éxito a un alto nivel. Descriptores: atletas, somatotipo, composición corporal, proporcionalidad, estatus socioeconómico. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric profile (n=82): body shape, body composition and proportionality, and the social profile (n=71), socioeconomic status, of high level Peruvian junior athletes according to their level of performance (national and international level). It also establishes correspondences between athletics events, level of performance, the anthropometric profile and the social profile of these athletes. The results show that the sprinters and jumpers were predominantly mesomorphic. National long distance runners were mesoectomorphic. It was noted that while the performance level increases, the sprinters decrease their amount of body fat. In the jumpers, the fat mass and skin mass decrease while the competitive level increases. National long distance runners have a lower subcutaneous adiposity compared to the sprinters. Compared with other events (national sprinting, national jumping and national long distance running), the throwers are physically larger and heavier. Peruvian junior athletes mainly belong to the socioeconomic level A. In conclusion, the Peruvian junior athletes are divided or categorized morphologically and socioeconomically. Peruvian athletes that are close to the morphological and social characteristics of international and olympic athletes will be better chances to succeed at the high level. Keywords: athletes, somatotype, body composition, proportionality, socioeconomic status.

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Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Somatotype of Elite Male Young Runners

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17020674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 674 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cristóbal Sánchez Muñoz ◽

José J. Muros ◽

Óscar López Belmonte ◽

Mikel Zabala

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

The Other ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

Anthropometric Profile

The purpose of the present study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of elite male young runners (EYR), and to compare these variables according to the specialty in which they engaged (middle-distance vs. long-distance). This will enable an anthropometric profile chart to be established for them. Ninety EYR aged 17 to 23 years (18.4 ± 2.0) participated in the study. Athletes were divided into two groups according to the event in which they participated: middle-distance runners (MDR, n = 56) and long-distance runners (LDR, n = 34). Sixteen anthropometric variables were recorded for each participant: Weight, height, eight skinfolds, four girths, and two breadths. Body mass index (BMI), body composition and somatotype were calculated. Comparing MDR with the group of LDR, significant differences were found to exist for height, weight, relaxed upper arm girth, flexed and tensed upper arm girth, total upper arm area, upper arm muscle area, and thigh muscle area. No significant differences were observed in the other variables. MDR are taller, heavier and have larger girths than LDR. Coaches and sports scientists can use the data obtained to better control training, as well as for talent identification and athlete selection.

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Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3758

Author(s):

Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽

Lucyna Ostrowska ◽

Joanna Leszczyńska ◽

Karolina Orywal ◽

Urszula Cwalina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

The Body ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

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Internal mechanical work and maximum subtalar joint pronation in different gradients

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/1980-5918.032.ao03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

Author(s):

Karina Azevedo Lopes ◽

Mayara Maciel Batista ◽

Letícia Martins ◽

André Luiz Kiihn ◽

Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Running Economy ◽

Mechanical Work ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Running Speed ◽

The Social ◽

Complex Relationships ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Abstract Introduction: Some authors have described the importance of physiological intensity in the behavior of the biomechanical aspects of running (for example, subtalar pronation), but the complex relationships between these variables are not yet well understood. Objective: This study investigated the influence of positive gradients on internal mechanical work (Wint) and maximum subtalar pronation at a submaximal running speed. Method: Sixteen male, trained long-distance runners (age: 29 ± 7 yr; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 72.1 ± 10.6 kg), performed four running economy tests (gradients: +1%, +5%, +10% and +15%, respectively) for four minutes at a same submaximal running speed to quantify the maximum values of subtalar pronation and predict the Wint values. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s T-test, and one-way repeated-measures (ANOVA) along with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Wint increased according to the gradient (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the maximum values of maximum subtalar pronation corresponding to each gradient. Conclusion: Results show the maximum subtalar pronation during submaximal running depends on the speed rather than intensity of effort.

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Body composition among long distance runners

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 180-186

Author(s):

Joana Rosado ◽

João P. Duarte ◽

Paulo Sousa-e-Silva ◽

Daniela C. Costa ◽

Diogo V. Martinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Adult Male ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Body Density ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Air Displacement Plethysmography

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners (UTR) according to their level of participation (regional UTR-R, vs. national UTR-N). METHODS The sample was composed of 44 adult male UTR (aged 36.5±7.2 years; UTR-R: n=25; UTR-N: n=19). Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. A comparison between the groups was performed using independent samples t-test. RESULTS Significant differences between groups contrasting in the competitive level were found for chronological age (in years; UTR-R: 38.8±8.2 vs. UTR-N: 33.5±4.1); body density (in L.kg-1; UTR-R: 1.062±0.015 vs. UTR-N: 1.074±0.009); and fat mass (in kg; UTR-R: 12.7±6.8 vs. UTR-N: 7.6±2.7). CONCLUSION UTR-N were younger, presented higher values for body density, and had less fat mass, although no significant differences were found for fat-free mass. The current study evidenced the profile of long-distance runners and the need for weight management programs to regulate body composition.

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Image of the new medical specialty «osteopathy» among students of a medical university with due regard to their personal social characteristics

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2019-3-4-88-96 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 88-96

Author(s):

A. A. Kuligina ◽

I. G. Yushmanov

Keyword(s):

Medical Specialty ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

Low Level ◽

The Social ◽

Osteopathic Treatment ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

High Level ◽

Medical University

Introduction. In recent years osteopathy has been rapidly developing as an individual medical specialty in the Russian Federation. A growing number of specialists are studying this specialty and represent it in Russia and abroad. A large number of studies clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment are being conducted. In addition, the Russian Federation has a regulatory framework according to which osteopathy is regulated by the government. However, many medical doctors, lecturers and students of medical universities do not have a clear understanding of osteopathy and put in question the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment. The goal of research — to study student′s knowledge about the principles, methods and scope of osteopathic treatment in order to develop a program for disseminating relevant information about osteopathy with regard to individual social characteristics.Materials and methods. We conducted an anonymous survey among students of Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University using special forms. We also used the online tool Google Forms in the social network Vkontakte. 73 respondents took part in the survey. 8 communities from the social network Vkontakte, with the target audience being students of medical Universities, were reviewed. The search for references to osteopathy was made by the keyword «osteopath». A special questionnaire with 22 questions was developed in order to collect the necessary information. The first part of the questionnaire contains 16 questions about the specialty «osteopathy»; the second part (6 questions) allows to study the respondent′s personal characteristics: age, gender, year of studies, presence of medical doctors among family members, participation in the student′s scientific society (SSS). 14 questions from the fi rst part of the questionnaire were dichotomous and 2 questions had 3 or more answer options. 12 questions from the first part were aimed at studying students′ ideas about osteopathy. The correct answer was rated 1 point, the wrong answer — 0. The points obtained during the survey were summed up. In the subsequent processing of the results, the indicators of the respondent′s opinions, evaluated on a 12-point scale, were ranked into 3 groups: from 1 to 4 points — a low level of knowledge, from 5 to 8 points — an average level, from 9 to 12 — a high level.Results. It was found that 66 % of respondents have a low level of knowledge about the specialty «osteopathy», 30 % have an average level of knowledge, only 4 % of respondents have a high level of knowledge. The results indicate insufficient and extremely low level of awareness about the specialty «osteopathy» among students. Due to the lack of reliable sources of information within the system of education in higher medical educational institutions there is a spread of misconceptions about this specialty. It was established that students involved in SSS had a significantly higher level of knowledge about osteopathy than students who were not involved in SSS, and that students who had medical doctors in their families had a significantly lower level of knowledge about osteopathy than students who did not have medical doctors in their families.Conclusion. It is necessary to use different ways of informing students about the new medical specialty taking into account their individual characteristics, as well as to introduce awareness-raising about osteopathy (lectures, practical sessions) into the training system within the framework of an optional and/or elective courses, to improve the work of the student scientific society.

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