scholarly journals ANALISA KESADAHAN TOTAL DAN KADAR KLORIDA AIR DI KECAMATAN TANGGULANGIN SIDOARJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Devyana Dyah Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Complexometric Titration ◽  
Maximum Threshold ◽  
Mud Flow

Subdistrict Tanggulangin was relatively close to the source of the Lapindo mud flow, the release of mud content into the water will cause the death of aquatic organisms and lead to serious consequences for humans who depend their life on these waters. Therefore, researchers seek to determine the total water hardness and chloride content in Tanggulangin district. Water make up the population and sample, taken from 15 points in Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. Total hardness determination was conducted using complexometric titration method, whereas chloride content wasperformed using argentometry Mohr titration method. Water sample from 3 of 10 regions in Tanggulangin is drinkable, namely the sample A (320 mg / L), sample C (170 mg / L), sample E (304 mg / L), sample F (298 mg / L), sample I (372 mg / L), samples J (340 mg / L). While the in the othersamples, the content of total hardness exceeds the maximum threshold (> 500 mg / L) which means unfit for consumption, and 5 of the 10 areas in the district is drinkable, namely the sample A (123.2 mg / L), sample C (49.7 mg / L), sample E (245.7 mg / L), sample I (182.4 mg / L), and samples J (64mg / L).

scholarly journals Analisa Kesadahan Total dan Kadar Klorida Air Di Kecamatan Tanggulangin Sidoarjo

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyana Dyah Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Water Hardness ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
J 64 ◽  
Maximum Threshold ◽  
Mud Flow

Subdistrict Tanggulangin was relatively close to the source of the Lapindo mud flow, the release of mud content into the water will cause the death of aquatic organisms and lead to serious consequences for humans who depend their life on these waters. Therefore, researchers seek to determine the total water hardness and chloride content in Tanggulangin district. Water make up the population and sample, taken from 15 points in Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. Total hardness determination was conducted using complexometric titration method, whereas chloride content was performed using argentometry Mohr titration method. Water sample from 3 of 10 regions in Tanggulangin is drinkable, namely the sample A (320 mg / L), sample C (170 mg / L), sample E (304 mg / L), sample F (298 mg / L), sample I (372 mg / L), samples J (340 mg / L). While the in the other samples, the content of total hardness exceeds the maximum threshold (> 500 mg / L) which means unfit for consumption, and 5 of the 10 areas in the district is drinkable, namely the sample A (123.2 mg / L), sample C (49.7 mg / L), sample E (245.7 mg / L), sample I (182.4 mg / L), and samples J (64 mg / L).

Effect of vegetation on limestone solution in a small High Arctic basin

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ko Woo ◽  
Philip Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Equilibrium Partial Pressure ◽  
Biogenic Carbon

To evaluate the effect of tundra vegetation on limestone solution processes, the present study was carried out in a small basin in southwestern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. A test reach was selected along the stream, and water samples were collected at regular intervals from a seepage point entering the reach, a soil water pit at the bottom of a vegetated slope along the test reach, and from the stream at the outlet of the reach. Hydrochemical characteristics of the samples were described by several measured and calculated variables including water temperature, pH, calcium and total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and indices of saturation with respect to calcite and dolomite. Throughout the growing season of 1975, all samples indicated higher concentrations in water hardness and in bicarbonate than those reported in nonvegetated areas of the Arctic. A rising trend was apparent in these data, with the concentrations reaching a seasonal maximum in late summer. These phenomena are attributed to the production of biogenic carbon dioxide, which increased the aggressiveness of the water. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in soil water was directly increased by this process, while the addition of soil water to the stream caused noticeable downstream increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide and a corresponding reduction in saturation with respect to calcite and to dolomite. The influence of vegetation was therefore very marked in both surface and in subsurface flows.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN DRINKING WATER, AND ITS HARDNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-819
Author(s):  
E. M. Trofimovich ◽  
S. A. Nedovesova ◽  
Roman I. Aizman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

Introduction. The lack of hygienic norms for Mg2+ and Ca2+ in drinking water and the wide ranges of acceptable hygienic norms (AHN) of these cations in water packaged in containers determine the relevance of experimental studies on the substantiation of AHN of Mg2+, Ca2+ and the hardness of drinking water with a centralized water supply to the population. Material and methods. Chronic experiments were performed on 5 groups of adult Wistar rats (n = 50): control animals received drinking water (Ca2+ 20.0; Mg2+ 6.0 mg / dm3, hardness 1.5-1.8 mEq/dm3); four other groups received model drinking water with different contents of Ca2+ (50, 80, 100 and 140 mg/dm3) and Mg2+ (20, 40, 55 and 85 mg/dm3) by adding CaCl2 or MgSO4 salts to the control water. The effect of these drinking water samples on kidney function, ion osmotic blood parameters, plasma metabolites of lipid and protein metabolism, as well as the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and cortisol were studied. Results. Prolonged action of increased concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the organism was established to cause alterations in fat metabolism, the adaptive activation of osmoregulatory and ion regulatory kidney functions, increasing the concentration of thyroid hormones and a decrease of cortisol titer in plasma. Magnesium led to more pronounced changes in water-salt metabolism, and at a concentration of 85.0 mg/dm3 (7.0 mg-Eq/dm3) - to depletion of secretion of the described hormones. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, individual ranges for AHN of calcium and magnesium concentrations in water were recommended. The upper limit of AHN of drinking water total hardness is of 7.0 mg-Eq/dm3 at the joint presence of Ca2+and Mg2+. The rule of hygienic qualitative and quantitative estimation of calcium and magnesium types of drinking water hardness is formulated.

scholarly journals Dual-Modal Assay Kit for the Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of the Total Water Hardness Using a Permanent Marker Fabricated Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Oyejide Damilola Oyewunmi ◽  
Seyed Hamid Safiabadi-Tali ◽  
Sana Jahanshahi-Anbuhi
Keyword(s):  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Sample Introduction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Analytical Device

A dip-and-read microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was developed for the qualitative and quantitative detection of the total hardness of water. To create well-defined hydrophobic barriers on filter paper, a regular office printer and a commercially available permanent marker pen were utilized as a quick and simple technique with easily accessible equipment/materials to fabricate µPAD in new or resource-limited laboratories without sophisticated equipment. After a wettability and barrier efficiency analysis on the permanent marker colors, the blue and green ink markers exhibited favorable hydrophobic properties and were utilized in the fabrication of the developed test devices. The device had five reaction and detection zones modeled after the classification given by the World Health Organization (WHO), so qualitatively it determined whether the water was ‘soft’, ‘moderately hard’, ‘hard’, or ‘very hard’ by changing color from blue to pink in about 3 min. The device was also used to introduce an alternative colorimetric reaction for quantitative analysis of the water hardness without the need for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and without compromising the simplicity and low cost of the device. The developed µPAD showed a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 mM, which is at least 80% less than those of commercially available test strips and other reported µPADs, and the results of the real-world samples were consistent with those of the standard titration (with EDTA). In addition, the device exhibited stability for 2 months at room and frigid condition (4 °C) and at varying harsh temperatures from 25 to 100 °C. The results demonstrate that the developed paper-based device can be used for rapid, on-site analysis of water with no interferences and no need for a pipette for sample introduction during testing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water quality parameters for monitoring natural, urban, and agricultural areas in the Brazilian Cerrado

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Heloisa de Freitas Muniz ◽  
Aline Silva Moraes ◽  
Ingrid de Souza Freire ◽  
Carlos José Domingos da Cruz ◽  
Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ecotoxicological Evaluation

INTRODUCTION: Brazil's Federal District (FD) has seen steep population growth in recent years, and this has increased demand for high-quality water. AIM: The present work aims to evaluate the quality of surface water from two water bodies in the FD at six sampling points, three of which are in the Sobradinho River (the receiving body of a sewage treatment plant effluent) and three in the Jardim River (located in an agricultural region). METHODS: Analyses were carried out every thirty days, for twelve months, covering rainy and dry seasons. Parameters were analyzed such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, main ions, total and fecal coliforms (E. coli) in water. Ecotoxicological evaluation was also performed, using the micro-crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. RESULTS: Data of physical and chemical determinations showed DO, conductivity, Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-) and Na+ to be important in indicating contamination by urban effluents. On the subject of biological parameters - E. coli and ecotoxicological evaluation - the former was seen to be more effective in the urban area. However, in the countryside, the assay with C. dubia proved to be the most sensitive, although less than ideal, because the organism is very sensitive to low water hardness. CONCLUSIONS: The fecal coliform indicator (E. coli) was the most effective one for comparing water quality in the two basins, mainly for the urbanized one, while ecotoxicity assays with C. dubia were harmed by the natural chemical composition of the water.

scholarly journals Potentiometric flow injection determination of total water hardness in tap water by using cupric ion buffer.

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko IMATO ◽  
Kazuya ISHII ◽  
Nobuhiko ISHIBASHI
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Cupric Ion

scholarly journals Habitat conditions of astatic pools and differentiation of vegetation connected with them

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nieckuła ◽  
Wiesław Podyma
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical

In 12 astatic pools, each of which was characterised by the dominance of phytocenoses of one of three plant associations, investigations were performed on the physico-chemical properties of the water and bottom sediments, in order to establish the relations between the habitat conditions and vegetation. The criterion of the degree of saltiness of the bottom sediments and the specific conductivity of water in these water bodies allows to order them according to their decreasing fertility as follows: 1) water bodies with dominant phytocenoses of the association <em>Equisetetum limosi</em>, 2) with <em>Caricetum elatae</em>, 3) with <em>Typhetum latifoliae</em>. The type of vegetation indicates also connections with other properties of the water (hardness, oxidability, pH, chloride content) and of the bottom sediment (organic matter content, chlorides, magnesium and various forms of nitrogen). Correlation between the chemical composition of the water and depostis has only been demonstrated in the case of chlorides.

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