scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI LIBERIKA TUNGKAL KOMPOSIT PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Yulistiati Nengsih ◽  
Yuza Defitri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Good planting media is a medium that is able to provider water and nutrients is sufficient quantities for plant growth. This can be found on soils with good air conditioning, has a solid aggregate, good water holding ability and room for sufficient rooting. Proper use of media will provide optimal growth for the plants. This study aims to determine the best planting medium to support the growth of coffe seedling Liberika Tungkal Komposit. The research was conducted in the experimental garden Pijoan, University Batanghari Jambi. From March to May 2017. The research design in this experiment was planting  medium with complete randomized environmental design (RAL). The treatment is : M0 = plant medium 100% peat soil, M1 = plant medium 100% ultisol soil, M2 = planting medium 50% untisol soil + 50% rice husk charcoal, M3 = planting medium 50% ultisol soil + 50% cocopeat, M4 = planting medium 50% ultisol soil + 50% river sand, M5 = planting medium 50% peat soil + 50% rice husk charcoal, M6 = planting medium 50% peat soil + 50% cocopeat, M7 = planting medium 50% peat soil + 50% river sand. Parameter observed were plant height, stem diameter, root length, crown dry weight, root dry weight, root canopy ratio, total dry weight, quality index, initial pH media and final pH media. The result showed that the ultisol 100% ultisol garden media gave the heighes seed growth value based on single parameter ie plant height, stem diameter, root lenght, crown dry weight, root dry weight, root canopy ratio, total dry weight, and initial media pH and treatment integrated quality index that indicates that the seed is most ready to be moved to the field.Keywords: nurseries, plantations, coffee AbstrakMedia tanam yang baik adalah media yang mampu menyediakan air dan unsur hara dalam jumlah cukup bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Hal ini dapat ditemukan pada tanah dengan tata udara yang baik, mempunyai agregat mantap, kemampuan menahan air yang baik dan ruang untuk perakaran yang cukup.Penggunaan media yang tepat akan memberikan pertumbuhan yang optimal bagi tanaman. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui media tanam yang paling baik untuk menunjang pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika Tungkal Komposit. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Batanghari di Pijoan, Muaro Jambi. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2017. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan lingkungan acak lengkap dan rancangan perlakuan media tanam (M) sebagai berikut: M0 = 100% gambut, M1= 100% tanah jenis ultisol, M2= 50% tanah jenis ultisol + 50% arang sekam padi, M3= 50% tanah jenis ultisol + 50% cocopeat, M4 = 50% tanah jenis ultisol + 50% pasir sungai, M5= 50% tanah gambut + 50% arang sekam padi, M6= 50% tanah gambut + 50% cocopeat, M7= 50% tanah gambut + 50% pasir sungai. Parameter yang diamati adalah pH awal dan pH akhir media, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, panjang akar, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, nisbah tajuk akar, bobot kering total dan indek kualitas. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan media tanam 100% tanah jenis ultisol  menghasilkan pertumbuhan bibit tertinggi berdasarkan parameter tunggal yaitu tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, panjang akar, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, nisbah tajuk akar, bobot kering total dan parameter terintegrasi yaitu indeks kualitas.Kata kunci:  pembibitan, perkebunan, kopi

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria inoculation in maize associated with nitrogen and zinc fertilization at sowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Andréia de L. Moreno ◽  
Jorge F. Kusdra ◽  
Angelita A. C. Picazevicz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Rhizobacteria have a wide range of plant growth-promoting mechanisms of action, making them an alternative and/or complementary biological input for chemical fertilizers. In this respect, the present study aimed to assess growth and nitrogen accumulation in maize plants as a function of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, zinc and nitrogen application at sowing. The experiment with the ‘AL Bandeirante’ maize variety was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six repetitions, considering the presence and absence of Azospirillum brasilense (5 g kg-1), Bacillus subtilis (5 mL kg-1) and zinc (20 g kg-1) in the seeds and addition or not of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) to the soil. The variables assessed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf, stem, shoot, root and total dry weight, and shoot nitrogen content. Nitrogen fertilization in the absence of zinc increased shoot and total dry weight as well as shoot nitrogen content. Zinc applied to the seeds improved the total and stem dry weight of maize plants in the absence of Bacillus subtilis. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis increased the stem diameter and shoot nitrogen content of maize plants when nitrogen fertilization was not performed at sowing. There was no isolated or interaction effect between factors for plant height and root dry weight.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Robusta (Coffea Robusta L.) Terhadap Berbagai Media Tanam Dan Frekuensi Penyiraman

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Karlina Br Sembiring ◽  
Rosita Sipayung ◽  
Irsal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Fresh Root

Massive breeding is often the case with the availability of the amount of water that can be stored on the media. The aim of this research is to know the influence of media and the frequency of watering on the growth of robusta coffee seedlings and to find the best media and optimum watering frequency. This experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan from June to September 2017. The experimental method used was Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors, ie 1: planting medium ie, topsoil ; topsoil: sand (2: 1); topsoil: rice husk (2: 1), topsoil: charcoal husk (2: 1) and factor 2: watering frequency ie, watered once a day; watered every 4 days; watered 7 days and watered once every 10 days. The variable was plant height, stem diameter, total leaf number, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, canopy dry weight, fresh root weight, root dry weight, longest root, and canopy and root ratio. The results showed that planting media treatment had a significant effect on plant height variables, stem diameter increase, leaf number, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, canopy dry weight, fresh root weight, root dry weight, and root canopy ratio. The best treatment of planting medium was found in topsoil treatment: rice husk (2: 1). The treatment of watering frequency had a significant effect on the stem diameter 2 - 12 of the week after planting move observation variable, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, dry crown weight, fresh root weight, and dry weight of roots. The best treatment frequency of watering hose is watering every 4 days. The interaction between the two treatments had a significant effect on the diameter of the stem diameter variable, the total leaf area and the fresh weight of the canopy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU SEKAM PADI (RICE HUSK ASH) DENGAN PROPORSI YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SELADAI AIR (Lactuca sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tri Kurniastuti ◽  
Palupi Puspitorini ◽  
Tyas Nyonita Punjungsari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Height Increase

Lettuce vegetables (Lactuca sativa L.) much needed by the community to meet the nutritional needs, but lettuce production is still low because of low productivity. Increasing the quality and quantity of vegetables grown on polybags is by fertilizing and arranging the composition of the planting medium. Provision of fertilizer aims to increase the supply of nutrients needed plants to boost the production and quality of crops. Fertilizer is to provide or add nutrients that plants need. However, fertilizer will tend to cause high production value and less appropriate with vegetable planting at home, therefore more optimized setting the composition of planting media. Planting media should be able to provide nutrients needed by plants. Farmers use plant residual organic materials such as rice husk as and cockpit for vegetable cultivation. The rice husk is the outermost part of the grain. The rice husk ash usually contains N 0.32%, P 0.15%, K 0.31%, Ca 0.96%, Fe 180 ppm, Mn 80.4 ppm Zn 14.10 ppm and pH 6, 8 which is expected to meet the needs of plant nutrients. The study was prepared using a complete randomized design with one factor that is the addition of planting media in the form of rice husk ash with the proportion of top soil and rice husk ash as follows: M1 (3: 1), M2 (2: 2), and M3 (1: 3). The observed variables were stem height, crown dry weight, and root dry weight. Data analysis used F Test 5% and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. The results obtained at plant height of M3 (1: 3) gave the best result where there was a plant height increase of 40 cm from the first day of planting until the third day, the addition of rice husk ash did not affect the addition of root dry weight and dry weight of crown.

scholarly journals RESPON BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) ASAL MULTI EMBRIO TERHADAP FREKUENSI WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK (16:16:16) DI PEMBIBITAN UTAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hayata Hayata ◽  
Yuza Defitri ◽  
Wahyu Renaldi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Abstract            This research was conducted at Jl. Lintas Jambi - Muaro Bulian Kel. Pijoan Kec. Jaluko Kab. Muaro Jambi, which lasted for 3 months. This study aims to determine the response of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) of multi embryo origin in the main breeding.             Oil palm seedlings used type Multi Embrio that has been 4.5 months. The medium used is black soil, fertilizer npk brand Lao Ying (16:16:16) and polybag size 5 kg. The design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with the treatment of npk laoying time with 4 treatment levels F1 5 days 2.5 g, F2 10 days 5.0 g, F3 15 days 7.5 g, F4 20 day 10 g. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so there were 16 units of experimental unit, each plot consisting of 3 oil palm seedlings, bringing the total of 48 polybags. Each plot was taken 2 plants used as sample. The parameters observed were seed height (cm), stem diameter (mm), dry weight of crown (g), root dry weight (g), and quality index (IK).             Based on the research objectives, the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the NPK (16:16:16) with the frequency of different feeding time on oil palm seed planting medium gives no significant effect on plant height and stem diameter but significantly different to the weight dried canopy, root dry weight and seed quality index of multi-embryo palm oil. The F1 treatment also gives the highest index value of quality (IK) indicating that the seedlings are most ready to be transported. Abstrak            Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jl. Lintas Jambi – Muaro Bulian Kel. Pijoan Kec. Jaluko Kab. Muaro Jambi, yang berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon bibit kelapa sawit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq ) asal multi embrio di pembibitan utama.             Bibit kelapa sawit yang digunakan jenis Multi Embrio yang telah berumur 4,5 bulan. Media yang digunakan adalah tanah hitam, pupuk npk merk Lao Ying (16:16:16) dan polybag ukuran 5 kg. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan frekuensi waktu pemberian npk lao ying dengan 4 taraf perlakuan F1 5 hari 2,5 g, F2 10 hari 5,0 g, F3 15 hari 7,5 g, F4 20 hari 10 g. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali, sehingga terdapat 16 unit satuan percobaan, yang masing-masing petak terdiri dari 3 bibit kelapa sawit, sehingga jumlah 48 polybag. Setiap petak diambil 2 tanaman yang digunakan sebagai sampel. Parameter yang         diamati adalah tinggi bibit (cm), diameter batang (mm), berat kering tajuk (g), berat kering akar (g), dan indeks kualitas (IK).            Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian, hasil dan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian NPK (16:16:16) dengan frekuensi waktu pemberian yang berbeda pada media tanam bibit kelapa sawit memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang, tapi berbeda nyata terhadap berat kering tajuk, berat kering akar dan indeks kualitas bibit kelapa sawit asal multi embrio. Perlakuan F1 juga memberikan nilai indeks kualitas (IK) tertinggi yang mengindikasikan bibit tersebut paling siap dipindahkan kelapangan. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU SEKAM PADI (RICE HUSK ASH) DENGAN PROPORSI YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SELADAI AIR (Lactuca sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tri Kurniastuti ◽  
Palupi Puspitorini ◽  
Tyas Nyonita Punjungsari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Height Increase

Lettuce vegetables (Lactuca sativa L.) much needed by the community to meet the nutritional needs, but lettuce production is still low because of low productivity. Increasing the quality and quantity of vegetables grown on polybags is by fertilizing and arranging the composition of the planting medium. Provision of fertilizer aims to increase the supply of nutrients needed plants to boost the production and quality of crops. Fertilizer is to provide or add nutrients that plants need. However, fertilizer will tend to cause high production value and less appropriate with vegetable planting at home, therefore more optimized setting the composition of planting media. Planting media should be able to provide nutrients needed by plants. Farmers use plant residual organic materials such as rice husk as and cockpit for vegetable cultivation. The rice husk is the outermost part of the grain. The rice husk ash usually contains N 0.32%, P 0.15%, K 0.31%, Ca 0.96%, Fe 180 ppm, Mn 80.4 ppm Zn 14.10 ppm and pH 6, 8 which is expected to meet the needs of plant nutrients. The study was prepared using a complete randomized design with one factor that is the addition of planting media in the form of rice husk ash with the proportion of top soil and rice husk ash as follows: M1 (3: 1), M2 (2: 2), and M3 (1: 3). The observed variables were stem height, crown dry weight, and root dry weight. Data analysis used F Test 5% and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. The results obtained at plant height of M3 (1: 3) gave the best result where there was a plant height increase of 40 cm from the first day of planting until the third day, the addition of rice husk ash did not affect the addition of root dry weight and dry weight of crown.

scholarly journals COTTON GIN TRASH COMPOST AS A CONSTITUENT OF VEGETABLE TRANSPLANT MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 739c-739
Author(s):  
Blair Buckley ◽  
Katharine C. Pee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Plastic Trays ◽  
Cotton Gin

Media contaming cotton gin trash compost, pear. and perlite were evaluated for production of bell pepper, broccoli, and cabbage transplants. Media treatments were 0:5:5; 1:4:5; 2:4:5; 3:2:5; 4:1:5; and 5:0:5 compost, peat, perlite, respectively (v/v). Separate tests were conducted for each crop. `Jupiter' pepper, `Packman' broccoli, and `Grand Slam' cabbage were seeded in 96-cell plastic trays (cell volume =39cm3). Plant height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weight were recorded five weeks after seeding bell pepper and broccoil, and six weeks after seeding cabbage. Pepper, broccoli, and cabbage transplants grown in media containing cotton gin trash compost had greater plant height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weight than transplants grown in the medium without compost as a component. The growth response to percent of compost was primarily linear.

scholarly journals 841 PB 387 PHOSPHORUS RATES AND MEDIA FOR PRODUCTION OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS USING THE FLOAT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 553f-553
Author(s):  
Jim E. Wyatt ◽  
Marla C. Akridge
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plastic Foam ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Tomato transplants were grown in plastic foam trays floated in nutrient solutions using a system adapted from tobacco transplant growers. Nutrient solutions were compared which contained equivalent amounts of nitrogen and potassium and either 35 or 70 mg·liter-1 phosphorus (P). Growing media tested were 1) Jiffy-Mix*, 2) Pro-Mix®, 3) horticultural vermiculite, or 4) perlite. The higher P rate caused increases in stem diameter, and in plant fresh and dry weight. Plant height, root dry weight and leaf area were not affected by P rate. Transplants grown in Pro-Mix® had significantly greater plant height and stem diameter than other media. Leaf area, and plant fresh and dry weight did not differ between Pro-Mix* and Jiffy-Mix@. Vermiculite and perlite produced smaller tomato transplants and should not be considered when using this production system.

scholarly journals The Vegetative Growth Response of Detam Soybean Varieties towards Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma sp. Applications as Bio-fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Agus Miftakhurrohmat ◽  
Sutarman
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Soybean Plants

This study aims to determine the effect of bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis Bs-Sdj-01 and Trichoderma sp. Tc-Jro-02 isolates as biological fertilizer in plant growth until the end of the vegetative phase. The experiment was arranged factorially in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with each factor being the application of B. subtilis consisting of and without B. subtilis and the Trichoderma application consisting of with and without Trichoderma; the experiment was repeated four times. The observed variables were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, stover dry weight, root dry weight, and B. subtilis population at the end of the observation. Data were analyzed using with ANOVA and HSD tests at the 5% level. The combination of Trichoderma sp. and B. subtilis bacteria produce the highest increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, stover dry weight, and root dry weight of soybean plants up to 35 days after planting and increase B. subtilis population grew from 1010 CFU.g-1 to be 4.43x1011 CFU.g-1. The presence of Trichoderma supports the activity of B. subtilis in the rhizosphere of the Detam variety soybean plantation.

scholarly journals Effect of Photoselective Shadecloth and Plastic Film on Growth of Chrysanthemums under Supplemental Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 837C-837
Author(s):  
Kent D. Kobayashi*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. With high cost of growth regulators and concern about their environmental aspects and health of workers, alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. Objective was to determine effect of photoselective shadecloth and plastic film on growth of `Barbara', `Shasta', and `Chesapeake' mums under supplemental lighting. In experiment 1, `Barbara' plants (two and four weeks old) were placed under either wide spectrum fluorescent lamps and incandescent light bulbs (control) or lights covered with photoselective shadecloth. In experiment 2, 3-week-old `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants were placed under lights or lights covered with photoselective plastic film. Effect of shadecloth differed with age of `Barbara' plants. For 1-month-old plants placed under lights, stem diameter, stem dry weight, and root dry weight were reduced under shadecloth compared to control. No differences were observed for plant height, pot height, leaf number, leaf area/plant, and leaf dry weight. For 2-week-old plants, leaf number, leaf area/plant, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight were less under shadecloth than control. No effects on plant height, pot height, stem diameter, and root dry weight were observed. Plastic film reduced plant height and pot height for `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants and reduced stem dry weight and total plant dry weight for `Shasta'. No differences were seen for other growth measurements. This study indicated photoselective shadecloth did not control height of `Barbara' and its effect on growth was influenced by plant age. Photoselective plastic film controlled height of `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' and offers an alternative method for growth control of mum plants.

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