التحوّل الدلاليّ في الكلمات العربيّة المقترضة في اللغة الملايويّة: أشكال وأسباب

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-263
Author(s):  
Mohd Nizwan Musling
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Morphology Changes ◽  
Better Than

The coming of Islam to Malaysia has recorded a human civilization in various areas, including loanword. However, this loanword was not going on one fixed line, as the reality of the Malay Language is subjected to phonetic and morphology changes as well as semantics to satisfy the needs of Malaysians in their personal and social lives. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the forms of semantic change of Arabic loan words in the Malay language, by relying on the descriptive-analytical, historical, and contrastive approach. The results of the study revealed the semantic change in Arabic loan words in the Malay language found in five forms: hyperbole, meiosis, widening, narrowing, and metaphor/metonymy. The factors leading to these semantic shifts can be attributed to the emergence of the urgent need for a new word or a word better than others to express the intended meaning and keep pace with social and cultural development, semantic deviation, customs and traditions practised by Malaysian people. الكلمات العربية المقترضة في اللغة الملايوية لم تكن تسير على مسار واحد جامد، بل يشهد واقع اللّسان الملايويّ أنَّه يتعرّض حين التواصل والتداول لكثير من التحوّلات الصوتيّة والصرفيّة والدلاليّة. ولذا، فإنَّ البحث يسعى إلى الكشف عن أشكال التحول الدلاليّ في الكلمات العربيّة المقترضة في اللغة الملايويّة، بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ التاريخيّ التقابليّ. وأظهرت نتائج البحث أنّ بعض الكلمات المقترضة هذه ارتقت دلالتها من الدلالة الوضيعة نسبيًّا نحو كلمة (مَفْتُوحَة) التي كانت بالعربية الاجتماعيّة تطلق على الفتاة التي فقدت بكرها قبل زواجها، ثم تحوّلت دلالياً إيجابياً في الملايوية إلى اسم الفتاة التي يفتح الله عليها أبواب العلم. وبعضها الآخر حدث فيها انحطاط الدلالة. ثم توسَّعت دلالة الكلمة من معناها الخاص إلى معنى عام ككلمة (دَيُّوث) التي تفيد كل عمل رذيل. ثم تخصّصت الدلالة من العام إلى الخاص ككلمة (جمهور) المختصة بجماعة العلماء المسلمين، ثم انتقلت الكلمة من دلالتها القديمة إلى دلالات أخرى جديدة سواء أكانت ما بينهما علاقة مشابهة، أم غير مشابهة. ويمكن عزو العوامل في هذه التحوّلات الدلاليّة إلى ظهور الحاجة الملحّة إلى كلمة جديدة أقدر من غيرها على التعبير عن المقصود، ثم مواكبة التطوُّر الاجتماعيّ والثقافيّ، والانحراف الدلاليّ، وكذلك العادات والتقاليد الماليزية.

Identity and Immigration. From Ulysses’ Syndrome to the Identity Construct and their Cultural Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S622-S622 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Garcia ◽  
R. Moreno ◽  
B. Tarjuelo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

Immigration is one well known but complex stressor. When we analyze its consequences, we discover the loss of social or family support, the need to afford a new unknown and many times hostile perceived environment, or languages/communications problems. Greek myths have been used as a way to explain how men afford that kind of events/monsters. However as cultural productions, myths grow and change trying to reflex the culture, society and time when they are used. Identity has been a main question for many disciplines, psychiatry has wondered about its construction but society has too, and sometimes last explanations are even better than clinical ones. We would like to discuss the inmigration phenomena using anthropology tools, which previously have nourish other psychiatric disciplines as systemic therapy. If we want to be able to treat immigrants, we have not only to fulfill their physical needs or treat their mental symptoms but to look every travel as a risk one, in which as Ulysses they are at risk of losing what they are, their identity. Identity is described in old Greece as the life lived with others, but not any other person, just those who know us and may accept our own images. In the past, the city, our born place, as a social support was what made us humans. Ulysses, out of Ithaca, found monsters, those who weren’t humans, because they didn’t live in his Greek society. As the new Ulysses, the immigrant maybe should be first helped to construct a new identity, which makes monsters disappear.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals LEXICAL CHANGE WITH REFERENCE TO SOCIAL CONTACT AMONG THE SPEAKERS OF PASE DIALECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rizka ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
Phonological Change

The aims of this study were to analyze the types, the patterns of lexical change with reference to social contact among the speakers of Pase dialect. The subjects of the study were personal documents written in Pase dialect as available in Language Department of Aceh. From the research, 505 lexicons were found, where 154 lexicons underwent loss. The percentage of lexical loss of noun was 75.32%, adjective 12.34%, and verb 12.34%. The number of lexical borrowings was 177 lexicons. The percentage of lexical borrowing of noun was 78.53%, adjective 15.25%, verb 5.09%, and adverb 1.13%. In phonological change, there were 155 lexicons. The percentage of phonological changes of noun was 89.68%, adjective 6.45%, verb 2.38%, and adverb 1.29%. In semantic change, there were 19 lexicons found, the percentages of which are: noun 68.42%, adjective 10.53%, and verb 21.05%. The patterns of lexical change with reference to social contact among the speakers of Pase dialect were potential loss in lexical loss, borrowings in the patterns of loan-words, loan-blend, loan-translation. The patterns of phonological change were lenition, fortition, vowel and syllable structure, syncope, apocope, and epenthesis. In semantic change, the patterns were narrowing, extension, figurative use, and pejoration.Keywords: lexical borrowing, Pase dialect, phonological change, semantic change

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL RETELLING STRATEGY AND WRITTEN RETELLING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION: A COMPARISON

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Vindy Cahya Ekaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Contradictory Result ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Comprehension Skill ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Oral Retelling ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Written Retelling

Reading comprehension skill is important in our social lives which relates to texts, emails, networking sites, and many others. In order to find an effective teaching reading technique, there are studies conducted and developed. One of the strategies to teach reading is called retelling. Many studies found that retelling strategy is effective to teach reading comprehension (Sylvia(2015); Ebaugh (2013); Schisler (2008)). However, there is a contradictory result between those studies found related to the implementation of two types of retelling strategy: oral and written retelling. Sylvia’s (2015) study claims that the written retelling significantly better than oral retelling strategy. However, Schisler’s (2008) study shows result in vice versa. Ebaugh’s (2013) study reveals that there were no significant differences between those two strategies. From the contradictory results seen from previous studies, further study is still needed to figure out more reliable research result on the effectiveness of both strategies.

Effect of New Type of Desensitization on the Microleakage of Pure Titanium Crown

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-703
Author(s):  
Xuehong Xu ◽  
Changwei Yang ◽  
Chienyu Chu ◽  
Pingting Lin ◽  
Honglan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Dentin Tubule ◽  
New Type ◽  
Morphology Changes ◽  
Better Than

This study was conducted to observe surface morphology changes of dentin surface coated with potassium doped nano hydroxyapatite (K-nHA) on the surface of isolated teeth. The surface morphology of isolated molars was coated with K-nHA, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), and Gluma desensitizers to observe changes in surface morphology. The effects ofK-nHA, nHA, and Gluma desensitizers on microleakage of pure titanium crowns after bonding with zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPCC) were measured. Three different treatment methods can effectively close the dentin tubules. Depth into the dentin tubule of K-nHA was higher than the other two groups. K-nHA reduces the microleakage of ZPCC bonded pure titanium crown. The microleakage value of the K-nHA group was lower than that of the nHA group, but there was no statistical difference. K-nHA is better than the simple nHA in closing the dentinal tubules. It has better curative effect on dentin hypersensitivity, and has a better sealing effect.

scholarly journals Periodisation of the Neolithic and radiocarbon chronology of the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Middle Neolithic in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Kerkko Nordqvist ◽  
Teemu Mökkönen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Better Than

This paper discusses the basis of Neolithic periodization used in mainland Finland. It is suggested that the periodization should be revised: boundary between the Middle and Late Neolithic periods should be moved to correspond the appearance of Corded Ware (ca. 2800 calBC), and a term Final Neolithic introduced to cover the final centuries of the Neolithic. This kind of division would reflect changes in the cultural development better than the currently used one. In addition, the chronological frames for the pottery types dated between the late 6th and mid-4th millennium calBC, i.e. the Early Neolithic and the beginning of Middle Neolithic, are presented.

scholarly journals Periodisation of the Neolithic and radiocarbon chronology of the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Middle Neolithic in Finland

10.4312/dp.5 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Kerkko Nordqvist ◽  
Teemu Mökkönen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Better Than

This paper discusses the basis of Neolithic periodization used in mainland Finland. It is suggested that the periodization should be revised: boundary between the Middle and Late Neolithic periods should be moved to correspond the appearance of Corded Ware (ca. 2800 calBC), and a term Final Neolithic introduced to cover the final centuries of the Neolithic. This kind of division would reflect changes in the cultural development better than the currently used one. In addition, the chronological frames for the pottery types dated between the late 6th and mid-4th millennium calBC, i.e. the Early Neolithic and the beginning of Middle Neolithic, are presented.

The Blame Intensity Inventory: Assessing the Propensity to Blame Harshly and Its Unique Capacity to Predict Malicious Satisfaction From Offender Victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722098536
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gill ◽  
Stephanie C. Cerce
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Better Than

Blame permeates our social lives. When done properly, blame can facilitate the upholding of moral norms. When done with excessive intensity or harshness, however, blame can have significant negative impacts. Here, we develop and validate a scale—the Blame Intensity Inventory—to measure individual differences in the propensity for intense blame responses. First, we present evidence for its convergent and divergent validity by examining relations with existing scales. In addition, in two studies, we show that the Blame Intensity Inventory—rooted in an affective conception of blame—predicts hostile responses to offenders better than do measures focused on blame-related cognitive appraisals (e.g., free will, intentionality). Finally, in three studies, we show that Blame Intensity uniquely predicts malicious satisfaction, or gratification upon learning that an offender has suffered gratuitous harm. Results are discussed in terms of important research questions that could be addressed using the Blame Intensity Inventory.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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