scholarly journals Effect of Heating on Lard Adulteration in RBD Palm Oil Using Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohd Sukri Hassan ◽  
Amal Husna Sulaiman ◽  
Alina Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Rbd Palm Oil ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Headspace Gc

Adulteration has gained much concern in the oils and fats industry due to health and religious issues. This study assesses the effect of heating on the profiling of lard (15% and 30% lard) spiked in refined bleached deodorized (RBD) palm oil at 120 oC, 180 oC and 240 oC for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The volatile compounds released were identified using (gas chromatography mass spectrometry headspace) GC-MS-HS method. Multivariate data from GC-MS-HS were mean centred prior to Principal Components Analysis (PCA) using Unscrambler software. The result obtained from the scores plot for 30% lard and 15% lard in the RBD palm oil showed the same pattern for heating temperature at 120 oC and 180 oC. At 240 oC, both sample and control were scattered in the scores plot. However, the GC-MS-HS technique did not differentiate between 0% lard with 15% or 30% lard in RBD palm oil.

Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Determination of Benzene in Nonstick Cookware and Microwave Susceptors and Its Migration into Foods on Cooking

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue M Jickells ◽  
Mark R Philo ◽  
John Gilbert ◽  
Laurence Castle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Static Headspace ◽  
Headspace Gc ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Abstract Benzene in poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) coatings of nonstick cookware was determined by heating a small amount of coating in a sealed vial. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the vial headspace for benzene. A small survey (26 samples) of retail nonstick cookware detected benzene ranging from 2 to 50 μg/dm2 in 7 samples. Nonstick frying pans with various polymer coatings were obtained directly from 1 manufacturer. Benzene (6–30 μg/dm2) was detected in a number of these samples and was attributed to the use of a phenylmethyl silicone ingredient that contained benzene at 360 mg/kg. To determine the possible transfer of benzene from these coatings during normal use, several foods (puddings, cakes, and roast potatoes) were prepared in previously unused cookware. The foods were analyzed by using static headspace GC/MS. Benzene was not detected in any of these foods at a limit of detection of 2 μg/kg. In related studies, the determination of benzene release from microwave susceptors was performed by heating the materials in a sealed system at 190PC for 4 min. Benzene release above 1 μg/dm2 was not detected in 24 samples of susceptors. However, 1 specially supplied sample of nonmetallized susceptor released 10 μg/dm2 benzene when heated above normal anticipated temperatures of usage (to 220°C). Foods such as french fries and pizza when cooked according to the manufacturer’s instructions in susceptors contained no benzene with a limit of detection of 2 μg/kg. Even under abuse conditions of susceptors, the transfer of benzene to foods remained below this limit.

scholarly journals Extraction of Nitrogen Compounds from Tobacco Waste via Thermal Treatment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4619
Author(s):  
Min Wei ◽  
Fu Yang ◽  
Xuyan Song ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Xi Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Alkaloids, typical nitrogen compounds, were found to be abundant in tobacco waste. The recovery of alkaloids from tobacco waste for biological pesticides could reduce the use of traditional chemical pesticides and avoid the pollution of farmland by the leaching of alkaloids from tobacco waste. Considering the fact that alkaloids can easily volatilize, thermal treatment is expected to be a potential technology to achieve the release and recovery of alkaloids from tobacco waste. For better understanding of conversion behavior of nitrogen-containing compounds in tobacco waste during thermal treatment, purge/trap-GC/MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry), PY-GC/MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry), and fixed-bed/ATD-GC/MS (auto-thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry) were adopted to detect the ingredients and concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds in tobacco waste and/or volatiles. The results of purge/trap-GC/MS showed that nitrogen-containing compounds in tobacco waste could be effectively evaporated at 180 °C in the forms of N-benzyl-N-ethyl-P-isopropyl benzamide, 2-Amino-4-methylphenol, or N-butyl-tert-butylamine. Specifically, N-benzyl-N-ethyl-P-isopropyl benzamide was the main nitrogenous compound in the volatiles of tobacco wastes accordingly. (S)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine was dominant in N-compounds in pyrolysis condition according to the results of Py-GC/MS. In air atmosphere, with the heating temperature increasing, the concentration of main (S)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine was firstly increased and then decreased. Besides, the interactions between the released volatiles could be accelerated at a high temperature. Accordingly, these findings suggested that pyrolysis under proper conditions could effectively promote the extraction of alkaloids from tobacco waste.

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode Transesterifikasi Subkritis Mendekati Isokorik dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jil Astriko Lametige ◽  
Hanny Frans Sangian ◽  
Adey Tanauma ◽  
Joshua Rombang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat biodiesel dengan bahan baku minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit dengan mencampurkan metanol sebagai pelarut dan KOH (kalium hidroksida) sebagai katalis. Proses transesterifikasi berarti mengambil molekul trigliserida atau asam lemak kompleks, menetralkan asam lemak bebas dengan menambahkan metil alkohol menjadi metil ester. Tahapan pertama yaitu membuat biodiesel dengan volume keseluruhan campuran bahan baku, pelarut dan katalis yaitu 575 ml dan 550 ml dengan tekanan maksimum 15 bar dan suhu maksimum 150oC selama satu jam. Tahapan berikutnya menghitung yield yang diperoleh dari biodiesel yang dihasilkan kemudian dilakukan uji Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji parameter bahan bakar. Hasil menunjukkan biodiesel dari minyak kelapa memperoleh yield 98,82% lebih besar daripada minyak sawit yang hanya memperoleh yield 92,38%, dan ditemukan komposisi C terbesar pada biodiesel dari minyak kelapa dengan volume keseluruhan campuran bahan 575 ml yaitu C15H30O2 dengan luas area 27.10% sedangkan komposisi terbesar untuk biodiesel dengan volume keseluruhan campuran bahan 550 ml adalah C15H30O2 dengan luas area 24.04%. Untuk biodiesel dari minyak sawit komposisi C terbesar yang terbentuk pada volume keseluruhan campuran bahan 575 ml yaitu C19H36O2 dengan luas area 40.95% dan untuk volume keseluruhan campuran bahan 550 ml komposisi terbesar C19H36O2 dengan luas area 40.88%.This study aims to make biodiesel with raw materials of coconut oil and palm oil by mixing methanol as a solvent and KOH (kalium hydroxide) as a catalyst. The process of transesterification means taking triglyceride molecules or complex fatty acids, neutralizing free fatty acids by adding methyl alcohol to methyl esters. The first stage is making biodiesel with an overall volume of a mixture of raw materials, solvents and catalysts of 575 ml and 550 ml with a maximum pressure of 15 bar and a maximum temperature of 150oC for one hour. The next stage is calculating the yield obtained from the biodiesel produced then the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry test and then to test the fuel parameters. The results show biodiesel from coconut oil yields 98.82% greater than palm oil which only yields 92.38% yield, and found the largest composition of C in biodiesel from coconut oil with a total volume of 575 ml mixture material, namely C15H30O2 with an area of 27.10% while the largest composition for biodiesel with an overall volume of a mixture of 550 ml material is C15H30O2 with an area of 24.04%. For biodiesel from composition C largest palm oil that is formed in the overall volume of the mixture of 575 ml, namely C19H36O2 with an area of 40.95% and for the overall volume of the mixture of 550 ml the largest composition of C19H36O2 with an area of 40.88%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document