scholarly journals Anti-Bacterial Activities of Melastoma Malabathricum Stem Bark Fractions against Streptococcus Mutans

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah ◽  
Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar ◽  
Zurairah Ibrahim ◽  
Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad ◽  
Wan Syaidatul Aqma Wan Mohd Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Tlc Bioautography ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Biofilm Structure

The objective of this study is to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds that possess antibacterial activities from Melastoma malabathricum stem bark acetone extract (MMSBAE) against Streptococcus mutans. M. malabathricum is widely used in the Southeast Asia to treat many ailments. A total of 12 fractions was purified by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and further analysed by TLC-bioautography to determine antibacterial activities. TLC-bioautography showed that fraction 9 possesses antibacterial activities against S. mutans. Identification of fraction 9 had been done by GCMS and revealed 21 compounds. Some of the compound were important as agent pharmaceutical such as ?-amyrin, ?-sitosterol, hexadecenoic acid, stearic acid and hexacosanoic acid. Crystal violet and glass surface assay were used to determine anti-biofilm and anti-adherence activity, respectively. The concentrations of fraction 9 that produce 50% reduction in anti-biofilm and anti-adherence activities were 5 mg/mL and 2.50 mg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize the effect of the fraction 9 on biofilm structure of S. mutans. SEM analysis showed lysed biofilm were found on treated cells. These results indicated that this fraction possesses a powerful anti-cariogenic potential against S. mutans.

scholarly journals Melastoma malabathricum stem bark acetone extract as an anti-bacterial agent against Streptococcus mutans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6986-6995
Author(s):  
Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah ◽  
Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar ◽  
Nur Syahirah Salehuddin ◽  
Wan Syaidatul Aqma ◽  
Nazlina Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Time Kill

Melastoma malabathricum, also known as 'senduduk' in Malaysia, has been used as traditional medicine for diseases such as toothache, dysentery, haemorrhoids and stomachache. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the biological activity of Melastoma malabathricum stem bark extracts (MMSBE) towards Streptococcus mutans. This investigation involved a few methods, which at first is the determination of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Next is by analyzing the time-kill curve, anti-biofilm activity, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic analyses. Later, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was done to determine differential regulation genes of treated and non-treated S. mutans. Lastly, confirmation of differential regulation genes was done by RT-PCR analysis. As for the results, M. malabathricum stem bark acetone extract (MMSBAE) showed the greatest inhibition concentrations towards S. mutans, followed by M. malabathricum methanol extract (MMSBME). Values of MIC and MBC (MMSBAE) were 1.25 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL. Meanwhile, MIC and MBC values of MMSBME were 5 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. MMSBAE was chosen to further analyze its anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans. Time kill curve analysis found that MMSBAE possessed bacteriostatic properties against S. mutans. Besides, SEM and TEM analyses revealed that there were some changes to S. mutans cell morphology after treated with MMSBAE while Next gene sequencing analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) gene expression with multiple targets by MMSBAE, which caused inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation activity. As for the conclusion, this study highlights the potential of MMSBAE as a new promising anti-S. mutans agents.

scholarly journals Influence of First-Line Antibiotics on the Antibacterial Activities of Acetone Stem Bark Extract ofAcacia mearnsiiDe Wild. against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe ◽  
Roger M. Coopoosamy
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agar Diffusion

Background.This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of the acetone extract ofA. mearnsiiand its interactions with antibiotics against some resistant bacterial strains.Methods.The antibacterial susceptibility testing was determined by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods while the checkerboard method was used for the determination of synergy between the antibiotics and the extract.Results.The results showed that the susceptibility of the different bacterial isolates was concentration dependent for the extract and the different antibiotics. With the exception ofS. marcescens, the inhibition zones of the extract produced by 20 mg/mL ranged between 18 and 32 mm. While metronidazole did not inhibit any of the bacterial isolates, all the antibiotics and their combinations, except for ciprofloxacin and its combination, did not inhibitEnterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial combinations were more of being antagonistic than of being synergistic in the agar diffusion assay. From the macrobroth dilution, the extract and the antibiotics exerted a varied degree of inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The MIC values of the acetone extract which are in mg/mL are lower than those of the different antibiotics which are inμg/mL. From the checkerboard assay, the antibacterial combinations showed varied degrees of interactions including synergism, additive, indifference, and antagonism interactions. While antagonistic and additive interactions were 14.44%, indifference interaction was 22.22% and synergistic interaction was 37.78% of the antibacterial combinations against the test isolates. While the additivity/indifference interactions indicated no interactions, the antagonistic interaction may be considered as a negative interaction that could result in toxicity and suboptimal bioactivity.Conclusion.The synergistic effects of the herbal-drug combinations may be harnessed for the discovery and development of more rational evidence-based drug combinations with optimized efficiency in the prevention of multidrug resistance and therapy of multifactorial diseases.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATIONS OF RESVERATROL OLIGOMERS FROM STEM BARK OF Dryobalanops lanceolata

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Sahidin Sahidin
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Related Data ◽  
2D Nmr Spectra ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dryobalanops Lanceolata

Five resveratrol oligomers which consist of two resveratrol dimers, balanocarpol (1) and e-viniferin (2), a resveratrol trimer i.e. a-viniferin (3), and two resveratrol tetramers, vaticanol B (4), and hopeaphenol (5) have been isolated from acetone extract of the stem bark of Dryobalanops lanceolata. These compounds were isolated by vacuum liquid chromatography method. Furthermore, the compound structures were determined based on the spectroscopic evidence, including UV, IR, 1-D and 2D NMR spectra, and comparing with those related data reported previously.   Keywords: Balanocarpol, e-Viniferin, a-Viniferin, Vaticanol B, Hopeaphenol, D. lanceolata

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Bark Extract of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Titumeer Al Fahad ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Biological Studies

The main objective of the current research was phytochemical and biological studies of the stem bark of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae). Four purified compounds i.e., friedelin, lupeol, β- sitosterone and caffeic acid were isolated by repeated chromatographic separation and purification of M. velutina. The compounds were identified by analysis of NMR spectral data. The crude dichloromethane extract of stem bark of M. velutina (DEMV) along with its Kupchan partitionates i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), ethyl acetate (EASF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fraction were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities. During the antioxidant activity assay, the AQSF revealed maximum activity with IC50 value of 71.67 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of plant samples was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the maximum cytotoxic activity has been observed for EASF (LC90 = 9.01 μg/ml). In the thrombolytic activity test, the crude dichloromethane extract demonstrated significant efficacy with 46.27% inhibition of clot lysis. In antibacterial screening, the CSF exhibited noticeable inhibitory activity against Shigella boydii with the zone of inhibition 15 mm compared to the standard ciprofloxacin (zone of inhibition = 47 mm). Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 125-131, 2020 (December)

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Yirgashewa Asfere ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Dejene Zinabu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Scientific Justification

In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ethanolic Wild African Nutmeg (Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Stem Bark Extract Potentials and Selected Conventional Toothpaste against Hidden Resident Mouth Cavity Microfora

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Mouth cavity Microfora. ◽  
Teniola Temitayo Mary
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Ratti

The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic stem extract of (Wild African nutmeg) Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) and some commercially available toothpaste against bacteria isolated from the hidden resident mouth cavity microfora. Bacteria were isolated from swabs of apparently healthy individuals and were identified using Staining procedure biochemical tests and the use of Bergey’s manual of bacteria identification  The assay for antibacterial activity of Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark extract and the four toothpastes were determined using agar well diffusion method. The Gram positive bacteria isolated were Streptococcus sangus, Streptococcus ratti, Stomatococcus mucilaginous., Peptostreptococcus  sp., and Streptococcus mutans and the Gram negative bacteria were Veillonella atypical, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar and Acidiaminococcus sp. Oral B toothpaste showed maximum efficacy of inhibition with inhibition zone diameter as wide as 20 mm at 100 mg/ml. Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Close-up) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.13%, Veillonella parvula (10%), Veillonella dispar (12%), Peptostreptococcus  sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(9%), Streptococcus ratti (13%), Veillonella atypical (11%), Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (11%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Oral B toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora reveals Acidaminococcus sp.(11%,) Veillonella dispar (11%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(15%), Streptococcus ratti (11%), Veillonella atypical (8%), Streptococcus sangus (10%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution  of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (MyMy toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.(12%), Veillonella dispar (9%), Veillonella parvula (8%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(10%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(16%), Streptococcus ratti (9%), Veillonella atypical (15%),Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Olive toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora shows Acidaminococcus sp.(9%), Veillonella dispar (10%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(13%), Streptococcus ratti (10%) ,Veillonella atypical (17%), Streptococcus sangus (7%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%). Pycnanthus Angolensis stem bark extract inhibited the growth of the oral bacterial isolates with of zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 6 mm to 17 mm at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Secondary metabolite (Phytochemical) screening shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroid, phenol, terpenoid, pyrrolozidine alkaloid, glycoside and cardiac glycoside with glycoside and terpenoid most present. However, anthraquinones and volatile oil were absent. With menial antibacterial activity, P. angolensis can be use in the formulation of herbal toothpaste. It should be advocated that Pycnanthus angolensis should be added to our convention toothpaste to improve the functional ingredient of the toothpaste and Plant-based traditional knowledge has become a recognized tool in search for new sources of drugs. It is clear that the use of these herbal plants can offer a platform for further research.

Antibacterial Activities of Crude Stem Bark Extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus Baill

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Aiyegoro ◽  
D.A. Akinpelu ◽  
A.J. Afolayan ◽  
A.I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of the Mangrove Tree Heritiera fomes

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Wangensteen ◽  
Huong Cam Thi Dang ◽  
Shaikh Jamal Uddin ◽  
Mahiuddin Alamgir ◽  
Karl Egil Malterud
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Heritiera Fomes ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sundarbans Mangrove

Heritiera fomes is a mangrove tree which is widely distributed in the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh. In this study, the EtOH extract of stem bark from H. fomes was shown to be rich in procyanidins. Trimeric, pentameric and hexameric procyanidins were identified in addition to highly polymeric material (average degree of polymerization 18-24). Bioactivity studies showed high DPPH radical scavenging and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibiting activities of the bark extracts (EC50 = 19.4 ± 1.7 and IC50 = 22 ± 1 μg/mL, respectively) which could be ascribed to its high content of procyanidins. The procyanidins were also assayed as DPPH scavengers and 15-LO inhibitors, with EC50 and IC50 values in the range of 8-15 and 10-15 μg/mL, respectively. The bark extracts showed antibacterial activities against K. rhizophilia, S. aureus, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, as well. No toxicity was observed in the brine shrimp assay.

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