Influence of First-Line Antibiotics on the Antibacterial Activities of Acetone Stem Bark Extract ofAcacia mearnsiiDe Wild. against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates

Background.This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of the acetone extract ofA. mearnsiiand its interactions with antibiotics against some resistant bacterial strains.Methods.The antibacterial susceptibility testing was determined by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods while the checkerboard method was used for the determination of synergy between the antibiotics and the extract.Results.The results showed that the susceptibility of the different bacterial isolates was concentration dependent for the extract and the different antibiotics. With the exception ofS. marcescens, the inhibition zones of the extract produced by 20 mg/mL ranged between 18 and 32 mm. While metronidazole did not inhibit any of the bacterial isolates, all the antibiotics and their combinations, except for ciprofloxacin and its combination, did not inhibitEnterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial combinations were more of being antagonistic than of being synergistic in the agar diffusion assay. From the macrobroth dilution, the extract and the antibiotics exerted a varied degree of inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The MIC values of the acetone extract which are in mg/mL are lower than those of the different antibiotics which are inμg/mL. From the checkerboard assay, the antibacterial combinations showed varied degrees of interactions including synergism, additive, indifference, and antagonism interactions. While antagonistic and additive interactions were 14.44%, indifference interaction was 22.22% and synergistic interaction was 37.78% of the antibacterial combinations against the test isolates. While the additivity/indifference interactions indicated no interactions, the antagonistic interaction may be considered as a negative interaction that could result in toxicity and suboptimal bioactivity.Conclusion.The synergistic effects of the herbal-drug combinations may be harnessed for the discovery and development of more rational evidence-based drug combinations with optimized efficiency in the prevention of multidrug resistance and therapy of multifactorial diseases.

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Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Bark Extract of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v19i2.50627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 125-131

Author(s):

Titumeer Al Fahad ◽

Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽

Choudhury M Hasan

Keyword(s):

Stem Bark ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Thrombolytic Activity ◽

Shigella Boydii ◽

Biological Studies

The main objective of the current research was phytochemical and biological studies of the stem bark of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae). Four purified compounds i.e., friedelin, lupeol, β- sitosterone and caffeic acid were isolated by repeated chromatographic separation and purification of M. velutina. The compounds were identified by analysis of NMR spectral data. The crude dichloromethane extract of stem bark of M. velutina (DEMV) along with its Kupchan partitionates i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), ethyl acetate (EASF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fraction were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities. During the antioxidant activity assay, the AQSF revealed maximum activity with IC50 value of 71.67 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of plant samples was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the maximum cytotoxic activity has been observed for EASF (LC90 = 9.01 μg/ml). In the thrombolytic activity test, the crude dichloromethane extract demonstrated significant efficacy with 46.27% inhibition of clot lysis. In antibacterial screening, the CSF exhibited noticeable inhibitory activity against Shigella boydii with the zone of inhibition 15 mm compared to the standard ciprofloxacin (zone of inhibition = 47 mm). Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 125-131, 2020 (December)

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Searching for Antagonistic Activity of Bacterial Isolates Derived from Food Processing Environments on Some Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/066.2020.49.4.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 415-423

Author(s):

B. Baráti-Deák ◽

Cs. Mohácsi-Farkas ◽

Á. Belák

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Processing ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Food Borne ◽

Time Period ◽

Growth Decline

Bacterial strains with inhibitory eﬀect on Salmonella Hartford, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli, respectively, were isolated. Out of the 64 bacteria originated from food processing environments, 20 could inhibit at least one of the tested pathogens, and it was proved that growth decline of the pathogenic bacteria was more remarkable by co-culturing than by using cell-free supernatants of the isolates. Seven diﬀerent genera (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, and Rothia) reduced the pathogens’ growth during the time period of analysis, and the strongest inhibitory eﬀect was observed after 24 h between 15 and 30 °C. Sensitivity of the tested human pathogenic bacteria against the inhibitory strains was distinct, as Y. enterocolitica could be inhibited by numerous isolates, while S. Hartford proved to be the most resistant. Our results reveal that the isolated bacteria or their excreted metabolites could hinder pathogen growth when used in suﬃcient quantities.

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Synergistic Effects of n-Hexane Fraction of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Bark Extract and Selected Antibiotics on Bacterial Isolates

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su9020228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oluwatayo Abioye ◽

David Akinpelu ◽

Anthony Okoh

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Parkia Biglobosa

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Phytochemical and Antibacterial Profile of Some Liquid Herbal Preparations Sold in Abia State, South-Eastern Nigeria

UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) ◽

10.47430/ujmr.2052.007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-65

Author(s):

Pipi O.G. ◽

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Secondary Products ◽

Herbal Preparations ◽

Ph Values ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Single Compound ◽

Phytochemical Profile

The use of liquid herbal preparations (LHPs) in the treatment and management of human diseases has long been practiced before the advent of chemotherapy. The beneficial medicinal effects of liquid herbal preparations materials typically result from the secondary products present in the liquid herbal preparations although, it is usually not attributed to a single compound but a combination of the metabolites. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and phytochemical profile of some liquid herbal preparations in selected markets of Abia State using biochemical and microbiological assay. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of the liquid herbal preparations inferred the presence of alkaloids (30%), quinones (6%), saponins (7%), flavonoids (19%), glycosides (17%) and tannins (22%). The antibacterial activities of 20 LHPs with bioactive properties against 3 tested clinical bacterial isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, from hospital samples was evaluated using agar well diffusion methods. Inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) had range of 6-20mm for all bacterial isolates. The pH values of 20 bioactive LHPs range from 3.75- 6.76. In conclusion the study revealed consistent presence and varied occurrences of different phytochemicals and antibiotic properties in various herbal preparations which may be taken to indicate that the products are effective. It is also essential to investigate all LHPs to be used as alternative medication in humans, to ensure that the concentrations used will definitely cause inhibition of the specific bacterial strains and meet its therapeutic claims. Key words: Liquid Herbal Preparations; Phytochemical; Antibacterial Activity

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Inhibitory Effect of the Stem Bark Extracts of Albizia chevalieri Harms on the Activity of Alpha-glucosidase Obtained from Aspergillus niger

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2019/v27i230107 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Abdulhafiz Damilola Oso ◽

Idris Bello ◽

Yusuf Sa’idu ◽

Onu Andrew

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Acetate Buffer ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Glucosidase Activity ◽

Alpha Glucosidase

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by stem bark extract of Albizia chevalieri. The activity of alpha glucosidase was assayed in vitro using 50 mM acetate buffer pH 6.0 (prepared from acetic acid and sodium acetate) and various concentration of maltose (0.5 mM to 10 mM). Five test tubes, labeled TA – TE, each containing 1.5 ml of acetate buffer, 0.5 ml of alpha glucosidase and 0.5 ml of a known concentration of plant extract and control tubes (CA – CE) were assessed for Alpha glucosidase activity. The results showed that hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts inhibited α-glucosidase activity. The results further indicated that the extracts act by competitive inhibition with inhibition constant of 232 mg/ml, 157 mg/ml and 67 mg/ml for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. The value for the inhibition constants shows that there is a strong binding of the enzyme to the inhibitor as the polarity of solvent increases. The inhibitory activity of Albizia chevalieri may be due one or more of the phytochemicals present in the extracts.

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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of saponin fractions of Erythropheleum suaveolens (Guill. and Perri.) stem bark extract

Scientific Research and Essays ◽

10.5897/sre2014.5844 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 826-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. A. Akinpelu ◽

O. A. Igbeneghu ◽

A. I. Awotunde ◽

E. O. Iwalewa ◽

O. O. Oyedapo

Keyword(s):

Stem Bark ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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ISOLATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES TESTS FROM HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK MELOCHIA UMBELLATA (HOUTT) STAPF VAR. DEGRABRATA K

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.25464 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Usman Usman ◽

Muh Amir M ◽

Nunuk Hariani Soekamto ◽

Ahyar Ahmad ◽

Maulidiyah Maulidiyah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Inhibitory Zone

Objectives: This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of stem bark extract Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata.Methods: M. umbellata stem bark was extracted by maceration using methanol solvent. Separation and purification were done by partitioning, fractionation with chromatography, and recrystallization. Antibacterial activity test of hexane extract and third isolate from the bark of M. umbellata was done by agar diffusion method against bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results: Phytochemical test showed that the hexane extracts of bark M. umbellata containing alkaloids and triterpenoids. Isolate D is a triterpenoid group compound, while FKa and FKb are steroid group compound. The hexane extract had the highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone diameter 12.0 mm. Isolate D has a weak inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. The highest diameters inhibition zone of isolated FKa compound against B. subtilis and S. aureus bacteria was 18.0 mm and 13.0 mm, respectively, whereas, the highest diameter inhibition of zone FKb compound against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone was 12.0 mm.Conclusion: The FKa compound from the bark of M. umbellata has the potential to be antibacterial because the compound is able to inhibit bacterial growth with ˃14 mm obstacle zone, especially against B. subtilis bacteria.

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Anti-Bacterial Activities of Melastoma Malabathricum Stem Bark Fractions against Streptococcus Mutans

Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology ◽

10.33102/mjosht.v1i1.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah ◽

Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar ◽

Zurairah Ibrahim ◽

Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad ◽

Wan Syaidatul Aqma Wan Mohd Noor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Hexadecenoic Acid ◽

Melastoma Malabathricum ◽

Tlc Bioautography ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽

Biofilm Structure

The objective of this study is to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds that possess antibacterial activities from Melastoma malabathricum stem bark acetone extract (MMSBAE) against Streptococcus mutans. M. malabathricum is widely used in the Southeast Asia to treat many ailments. A total of 12 fractions was purified by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and further analysed by TLC-bioautography to determine antibacterial activities. TLC-bioautography showed that fraction 9 possesses antibacterial activities against S. mutans. Identification of fraction 9 had been done by GCMS and revealed 21 compounds. Some of the compound were important as agent pharmaceutical such as ?-amyrin, ?-sitosterol, hexadecenoic acid, stearic acid and hexacosanoic acid. Crystal violet and glass surface assay were used to determine anti-biofilm and anti-adherence activity, respectively. The concentrations of fraction 9 that produce 50% reduction in anti-biofilm and anti-adherence activities were 5 mg/mL and 2.50 mg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize the effect of the fraction 9 on biofilm structure of S. mutans. SEM analysis showed lysed biofilm were found on treated cells. These results indicated that this fraction possesses a powerful anti-cariogenic potential against S. mutans.

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BIOPROSPECTING FOR BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES ASSOCIATED WITH ZINGIBERACEAE FAMILY RHIZOMES IN SIBOLANGIT FOREST, NORTH SUMATERA

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management ◽

10.46729/ijstm.v1i1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Jendri Mamangkey

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Phosphate Solubilization ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Bacterial Endophytes ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Paper Disc

The present study was conducted aiming to isolate and characterize endophytic bacterial isolates with antibacterial ability, phosphate solubilization, and proteolytic activity from rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family (Etlingera sp., Globba patens, Globba pendula, and Zingiber multibracteata). Nineteen bacterial isolates were obtained from Zingiberaceae rhizomes with isolate codes of EZS27, EZS18, EZS19, EZS25, EZS16, EZS08, EZS09, EZS13, EZS20, EZS14, EZS10, EZS11, EZS03, EZS05, EZS06, EZS43, EZS45, EZS47, and EZS28. The screening of the endophytes for antibacterial activity was done through the paper disc method. Four bacterial isolates presented antibacterial activities. EZS06 isolate inhibited the growth of EPEC (11 mm), P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 (10 mm), and L. monocytogenes BTCC B693 (9 mm). Also, EZS20 isolate inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 (17 mm), EZS28 isolate inhibited MRSA ATCC 43300 (8.6 mm), and EZS45 isolate inhibited S. Epidermidis ATCC 12228 (9 mm). The EZS19, EZS03, and EZS16 isolates dissolved the phosphate most effectively. Eight isolates (EZS19, EZS47, EZS27, EZS25, EZS09, EZS20, EZS45, and EZS06) showed the best protease activity. In general, our results showed that the endophytic bacterial strains can be used as a new and useful antibacterial agent since it showed antibacterial activity and chemical diversity. Furthermore, it also has the potential for exploitation in a wide variety of medical, agricultural, and industrial areas.

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