Perhambaan Tradisional di Borneo Utara Zaman Kesultanan Sulu & Brunei

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Aping Sajok
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Official Records

This study is related to the practice of slavery happened in indigenous communities in North Borneo since under the rule of the Sultanate of Sulu and Brunei. The aim of this study to see how slavery is considered as a unique practice and the slave role in daily life, including the type of slaves and relationship between the slave and their owners. This study will use information about slavery in North Borneo which are available from various sources such as diary, Official records of British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC), Reports, News paper, Microfilm, books and articles. Slavery in North Borneo basically influenced by the role of datu’s and pengiran of the Sulu Sultanate and Brunei which sparked demand for slaves. This causes a form of slavery that occurred in the indigenous tribes such as Suluk, Bajau, Iranun, Dusun and Murut. The practice of slavery grow rapidly along with pirate activities which are intertwined with the slave trading in the Borneo sea. However, before settling by James Brooke in Sarawak and BNBCC in North Borneo, the abolition of slavery activities was implemented. Keywords: Slavery, Sulu, Brunei, Native, History, North Borneo, Abstrak: Kajian ini adalah berkaitan dengan amalan perhambaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat peribumi di Borneo Utara sejak dibawah pengaruh Kesultanan Sulu dan Brunei. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana amalan perhambaan dianggap sebagai sebuah amalan yang unik dan peranan golongan hamba tersebut dalam kehidupan harian termasuklah jenis hamba dan bentuk hubungan di antara hamba itu sendiri dan pemilik hamba. Kajian ini akan menggunakan maklumat mengenai perhambaan di Borneo Utara yang boleh didapati daripada pelbagai sumber seperti catatan diari pegawai British, rekod-rekod Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara British (SBBUB), laporan, akhbar, Mikrofilem, Buku-buku dan Artikel yang telah dihasilkan oleh sarjana awal. Perhambaan di Borneo Utara pada dasarnya banyak dipengaruhi oleh peranan pembesar daripada Kesultanan Sulu dan Brunei yang mencetuskan permintaan terhadap hamba. Hal tersebut menyebabkan wujud perhambaan yang berlaku dalam suku peribumi seperti Suluk, Bajau, Iranun, Dusun dan Murut. Amalan ini berkembang pesat bersama dengan aktiviti perlanunan yang saling berkait dengan perdagangan hamba di sekitar perairan Borneo. Namun demikian, menjelang pertapakan James Brooke di Sarawak serta SBBUB di Borneo Utara, penghapusan aktiviti perhambaan ini telah dijalankan. Kata kunci: Perhambaan, Sulu, Brunei, Peribumi, Sejarah, Borneo Utara,

Nimíciwinán, nipimátisiwinán – “Our food is our way of life”: On-Reserve First Nation perspectives on community food security and sovereignty through oral history in Fisher River Cree Nation, Manitoba

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Shukla ◽  
Jazmin Alfaro ◽  
Carol Cochrane ◽  
Cindy Garson ◽  
Gerald Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Indigenous Foods ◽  
Oral History Interviews

Food insecurity in Indigenous communities in Canada continue to gain increasing attention among scholars, community practitioners, and policy makers. Meanwhile, the role and importance of Indigenous foods, associated knowledges, and perspectives of Indigenous peoples (Council of Canadian Academies, 2014) that highlight community voices in food security still remain under-represented and under-studied in this discourse. University of Winnipeg (UW) researchers and Fisher River Cree Nation (FRCN) representatives began an action research partnership to explore Indigenous knowledges associated with food cultivation, production, and consumption practices within the community since 2012. The participatory, place-based, and collaborative case study involved 17 oral history interviews with knowledge keepers of FRCN. The goal was to understand their perspectives of and challenges to community food security, and to explore the potential role of Indigenous food knowledges in meeting community food security needs. In particular, the role of land-based Indigenous foods in meeting community food security through restoration of health, cultural values, identity, and self-determination were emphasized by the knowledge keepers—a vision that supports Indigenous food sovereignty. The restorative potential of Indigenous food sovereignty in empowering individuals and communities is well-acknowledged. It can nurture sacred relationships and actions to renew and strengthen relationships to the community’s own Indigenous land-based foods, previously weakened by colonialism, globalization, and neoliberal policies.

Alcohol use in daily life: Examining the role of trait and state impulsivity facets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Griffin ◽  
Timothy J Trull
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Objectives: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment methods (EMA) we aimed to investigate the influence of trait and state (momentary) impulsivity on alcohol use behaviors in daily life. Facets of the UPPS trait model of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001) have been found to differentially relate to alcohol-related outcomes and behaviors in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The present work expands on this by assessing UPPS facets in daily life and examining the contributions of trait and state impulsivity facets to daily life drinking behavior. Methods: 49 participants were prompted at least six times per day for 21 days. A total of 4,548 collected EMA reports were included in analyses. Multi-level models were computed predicting daily life alcohol use behaviors from state and trait impulsivity facets and relevant covariates. Results: Individual facets of momentary impulsivity differentially related to alcohol outcomes, such that (lack of) premeditation and, to a lesser extent, sensation seeking showed unique patterns of association with drinking and drinking quantity. Only trait levels of (lack of) premeditation were related to drinking behavior in daily life; no other trait UPPS scale significantly related to alcohol use. Conclusions: These results highlight state difficulties with premeditation as particularly relevant to drinking behavior in daily life. Our results also support the incremental validity of state impulsivity facets over trait level measures in relation to drinking behavior in daily life. These findings offer important insight into the phenomenology of daily-life alcohol use and highlight possible avenues for intervention and prevention efforts. Public Health Statement: Momentary fluctuations in premeditation predict alcohol use in daily life. Treatments targeting planning or forethought in relation to alcohol use may interrupt this process contributing to daily life drinking behaviors.

Indian Influences on Balinese Culture : The Role of Hinduism and Buddhism in Present Day Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ardhana ◽  
I Nyoman Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The People

Indian culture has dominantly influenced the Indonesian people, particularly in the western part of the archipelago. This, which started centuries ago, can still be seen in the peoples’ daily lives in social, cultural, economic and political matters. Both the Hindu and Buddhist lessons have been practiced in Bali, although it is argued that the Buddhist lessons had been developed earlier than the Hindu ones. These developments have strongly characterized Balinese daily life, so, it is very important to understand how the people anticipate and solve some crucial issues regarding the processes of modernization and globalization. There are some important questions that need to be addressed on the Indian influences in strengthening the Balinese culture from the earlier periods until the modern and even postmodern times. In this case, the specific questions are: Firstly, how did the Balinese accept these two lessons in their daily lives in the context of Balinization processes? Secondly, what kinds of tangible and intangible cultures of the Hindu and Buddhist lessons can be seen in the present day Bali? Thirdly, how do they strengthen the Bali identity or Balinization,  known as “Ajeg Bali”? Through this analysis, it is expected to have a better understanding of the issues of social, cultural, economic and political changes in Indonesia in general and Bali in particular in modern and postmodern times.

Pathya Apathya and role of Dinacharya in Nethra Swasthya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish S. Varrier ◽  
Ashwini M. J.
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
The Mind

The word Chakshu means, that which illuminates the objects and enlightens the mind about its details. It is seated in the two eye balls. When we talk about Pathya and Apathya, the importance of the word Chakshushya is impressed upon. The Pathyas have been explained by different authors in the heading of Chakshushya Vargas and the Apathyas have been explained as Achakshushya. Different Acharyas have also explained about the various daily regimen to be followed for maintaining Nethra Swasthya as Ayurveda gives much importance in maintaining of health and prevention of diseases along with the treatment of diseases. These Dinacharyas can be adopted in our day to day lives to protect the eye from diseases and improve the vision, by implementing improvised techniques tailor-made for day to day activities of present era. The Acharyas have armed us with proper knowledge to prevent and treat life style disorders related to eye diseases through explanation of Pathya Apathya and Dinacharyas which are practices of Kriyakalpas. Most of these practices are not being followed these days which leads to many Nethra Rogas. This can be corrected by re-implementing improvised versions of such practices in our daily life.

Citizenship and Rights of Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
David B. Thronson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Central Factor ◽  
Family Unity

Citizenship plays a larger and more critical role in the life of children than it should. Children who lack citizenship are incredibly vulnerable to exploitation. In the migration context, a child’s citizenship can be largely determinative of where and with whom a child lives. Despite a modern children’s rights framework that recognizes the humanity and autonomy of children, citizenship and nationality still form an integral part of a child’s identity and play a critical role in a child’s development. It has a pervasive impact in securing other rights for children and can be a central factor in a child’s cultural and linguistic background, education, economic and environment exposures, and virtually all aspects of a child’s daily life. This chapter examines children’s right to citizenship and explores the ongoing crisis of statelessness that undermines these rights. It reviews the role that citizenship plays in both voluntary and forced migration of children, child-specific protections found in both universal and regional human rights frameworks, and the role of children’s citizenship in promoting family unity.

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

scholarly journals Us Mob Online: The Perils of Identifying as Indigenous on Social Media

Genealogy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Carlson ◽  
Tristan Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Insight Into

Social media is a highly valuable site for Indigenous people to express their identities and to engage with other Indigenous people, events, conversations, and debates. While the role of social media for Indigenous peoples is highly valued for public articulations of identity, it is not without peril. Drawing on the authors’ recent mixed-methods research in Australian Indigenous communities, this paper presents an insight into Indigenous peoples’ experiences of cultivating individual and collective identities on social media platforms. The findings suggest that Indigenous peoples are well aware of the intricacies of navigating a digital environment that exhibits persistent colonial attempts at the subjugation of Indigenous identities. We conclude that, while social media remains perilous, Indigenous people are harnessing online platforms for their own ends, for the reinforcement of selfhood, for identifying and being identified and, as a vehicle for humour and subversion.

Daily Life of the American Embassy in Czechoslovakia in 1945—1948

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Valery Yungblyud
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Leadership Interactions

The article is devoted to the study of various aspects of daily life of the US Embassy in Czechoslovakia in 1945—1948. The author considers the main areas of its work, major problems and difficulties that American diplomats had to overcome being in difficult conditions of the post-war economic recovery and international tension growth. Special attention is paid to the role of Ambassador L. A. Steinhardt, his methods of leadership, interactions with subordinates, with the Czechoslovak authorities and the State Department. This allows to reveal some new aspects of American diplomacy functioning, as well as to identify poorly explored factors that influenced American politics in Central Europe during the years when the Cold War was brewing and tensions between Moscow and Washington were rising. The article is based on unpublished primary sources from the American archives.

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