scholarly journals Icelandic Journalists & the Question of Professionalism

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgir Guðmundsson ◽  
Sigurður Kristinsson
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Journalistic Practice ◽  
Different Parts

The question whether journalism constitutes a profession or not has been widely discussed in the literature in recent decades without a definite conclusion. Indeed some suggest that much of the contradictory views on professionalism and the professionalization of journalism may be traced to the unclear meaning of the very term “professionalism” or “professionalization” (Nolan 2008). Thus it is possible to put simultaneously forth plausible arguments suggesting de-professionalization of journalism on the one hand, and further professionalization of journalism on the other, based on different interpretations of the term “professionalism”. The terms “professional” and “professionalism” can refer to different social phenomena in different contexts. Thus an ongoing professionalization of journalism can be taking place in one sense at the same time as de-professionalization in a different sense, and of course, these different trends can also be taking place simultaneously in different parts of the media environment (Nolan, 2008; Hallin&Mancini, 2004; Witschge&Nygren, 2009; Schudson, 2001). In determining an approach to the concept of a profession it is helpful to establish some general criteria, against which journalistic practice may be measured. In finding these criteria, guidelines are given by the discussion of traditional professions – doctors, lawyers – and on that basis some characteristics can been said to signify a profession. To what extent is the work of Icelandic journalists characterised by professionalism, and to what extent do they, as an occupational group, exhibit the features normally associated with professions? The following analysis suggests that Icelandic journalists fulfil many of the key conditions associated with professions and their development in recent decades has been one of increased professionalism.

Convergence and de-convergence of Chinese journalistic practice in the digital age

Journalism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1380-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convergence Model ◽  
Journalistic Practice

The existing literature broadly suggests that newsrooms are adapting to the media convergence world at the cost of traditional quality journalism. However, based on my ethnographic study of the Beijing News, I propose a convergence and de-convergence model of journalistic practice. The model explains how one Chinese newspaper preserves the legacy of critical journalism, on the one hand, while negotiating the challenges of adapting to the converging trends on the other. I argue that a well-established organizational culture and a working routine are crucial in the newspaper’s transformation, which makes it impossible to redesign the newsroom and redefine journalism with technology alone. Moreover, the article calls for a more nuanced understanding of the transformation of legacy media in the digital age, especially considering a non-Western context. I argue that the Chinese newspaper’s response to technological and economic impacts brought by the Internet is in fact mediated by political concerns.

scholarly journals Desecuritization as Displacement of Controversy: geopolitics, law and sovereign rights in the Arctic

Politik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Jacobsen ◽  
Jeppe Strandsbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One

By signing the Ilulissat Declaration of May 2008, the five littoral states of the Arctic Ocean pre-emptively desecuritized potential geopolitical controversies in the Arctic Ocean by confirming that international law and geo-science are the defining factors underlying the future delimitation. This happened in response to a rising securitization discourse fueled by commentators and the media in the wake of the 2007 Russian flag planting on the geographical North Pole seabed, which also triggered harder interstate rhetoric and dramatic headlines. This case, however, challenges some established conventions within securitization theory. It was state elites that initiated desecuritization and they did so by shifting issues in danger of being securitized from security to other techniques of government. Contrary to the democratic ethos of the theory, these shifts do not necessarily represent more democratic procedures. Instead, each of these techniques are populated by their own experts and technocrats operating according to logics of right (law) and accuracy (science). While shifting techniques of government might diminish the danger of securitized relations between states, the shift generates a displacement of controversy. Within international law we have seen controversy over its ontological foundations and within science we have seen controversy over standards of science. Each of these are amplified and take a particularly political significance when an issue is securitized via relocation to another technique. While the Ilulissat Declaration has been successful in minimizing the horizontal conflict potential between states it has simultaneously given way for vertical disputes between the signatory states on the one hand and the Indigenous peoples of the Arctic on the other.

scholarly journals Dyskursy psychoterapii a rozumienie rzeczywistości społecznej

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Barbara Józefik
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The One

Complex and changing social conditions engender the need to find a language to describe the phenomena and to elucidate their mechanisms. One possibility is the language of psychotherapy, which in itself is complex because it combines the various currents which have emerged in psychotherapy’s more than one hundred years of history. The author’s aim is to analyze the relations between culture, social reality (including Poland’s), and psychotherapy. On the one hand, she attempts to view psychotherapy as a cultural discourse, and on the other, to understand culture and social phenomena from the perspective of a psychotherapy office.

Sex Tourism and the Internet

2008 ◽  
pp. 1360-1378
Author(s):  
Jerry Eades
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sex Tourism ◽  
Moral Panics ◽  
Internet Pornography ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between the Internet and sex tourism. It argues that interest in sex tourism in the media erupted in the early 1990s, about the same time that the Internet itself was becoming popular. The relationship between the two was both positive and negative. On the one hand, the Internet has allowed members of sexual subcultures to contact each other and for new forms of sex tourism to be marketed. On the other hand, the Internet also provided a platform for those opposed to sex tourism to raise the profile of the issue, in the process conflating images of sex tourism with those of Internet pornography, pedophilia, and child abuse, particularly in relation to tourism destinations in the Southeast Asian region. It has therefore aided the amplification of moral panics surrounding these issues. This sensational coverage has, however, tended to overshadow other forms of sex tourism, including those in which consenting adults meet together in resorts of clubs for recreational sex with each other. Thus, while the Internet has created moral panics and led to crackdowns in certain sections of the sex tourism market, it has allowed other alternative lifestyles to flourish on an unprecedented scale in an increasingly liberalized environment.

The institutional basis of anglophone western centrality

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Afonso de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Contribution ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Non-western scholars usually face a dilemma if they want to pursue an international scholarly career: On the one hand, mastering western media theories is mandatory for taking part in international forums and exchanging experiences with people from different parts of the world; on the other hand, these theories are, in many aspects, foreign to their cultural backgrounds and, in many cases, seem inadequate for describing their own societies. My personal contribution to the debate arises from the fact that, although having some experience in participating in Anglophonic communication meetings and publishing in international academic vehicles, I never had first-hand experience, either as a student or as a professor, in American or European universities. In consequence, I was exposed to Western Anglophonic theories without being socialized in a scholarly environment in which they are taken as ‘natural’. Based on this experience, I contend that the global impact of western theories cannot be explained only by their intrinsic merits, but as the result of the socialization of scholars from all parts on the world in western educational institutions, and the networks built around them.

Pride and shame in the creation of the ‘appropriate’ organisation

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Matthew Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emotion Work ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Emotional Safety ◽  
The One

This chapter outlines how the different representations for social work practice provide conflicting sets of standards, ideals and goals for social work organisations. Some ‘institutional logics’ are imposed on social work services by politicians and through the media, which set the boundaries for public praise and shame for an organisation, thereby directing and shaping its identity. Within this context, this chapter introduces the idea of organisational emotional safety, in which organisations are constructed to avoid organisational shaming and rejection, on the one hand, and attract pride and acceptance, on the other. In an attempt to manage its image and reputation, organisational leaders engage in this form of emotion work to create and maintain a consistent set of organisational actions which ensures that it is safe from episodic shaming, while evoking pride within the organisation and acceptance without. A case example is provided to illustrate this argument that pride and shame are strategically used to create ‘appropriate’ organisations as defined by those with the power of definition.

Studies on the susceptibility of varieties of apple to the feeding of two strains of woolly aphis (Homoptera) and relation to the chemical content of the tissues of the host

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Sen Gupta ◽  
PW Miles
Keyword(s):  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Two strains of woolly aphis have been demonstrated in South Australia, the one ('Blackwood strain') able to attack varieties of apple resistant to the other ('Clare strain'). Both strains display well-defined differences in the ease with which they can colonize different varieties of apple and different parts of any one variety. These differences tend to be related to the composition of the tissues with respect to α-amino nitrogen and phenolics, but the most clear-cut correlation is an inverse one between the susceptibility of tissues and the ratio of phenolics to α-amino nitrogen in the tissue.

Digital Resources: Chile’s Centro de Investigación y Documentación (CIDOC) and Anti-Communism in the 1964 Elections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Botto Stuven
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The Documentation Center of the Contemporary History of Chile (CIDOC), which belongs to the Universidad Finis Terrae (Santiago), has a digital archive that contains the posters and newspapers inserts of the anti-communist campaign against Salvador Allende’s presidential candidacy in 1964. These appeared in the main right-wing newspapers of Santiago, between January and September of 1964. Although the collection of posters in CIDOC is not complete, it is a resource of great value for those who want to research this historical juncture, considering that those elections were by far the most contested and conflicting in the history of Chile during the 20th Century, as it implicted the confrontation between two candidates defending two different conceptions about society, politics, and economics. On the one hand, Salvador Allende, the candidate of the Chilean left; on the other, Eduardo Frei, the candidate of the Christian Democracy, coupled with the traditional parties of the Right. While the technical elements of the programs of both candidates did not differ much from each other, the political campaign became the scenario for an authentic war between the “media” that stood up for one or the other candidate. Frei’s anticommunist campaign had the financial aid of the United States, and these funds were used to gather all possible resources to create a real “terror” in the population at the perspective of the Left coming to power. The Chilean Left labeled this strategy of using fear as the “Terror Campaign.”

Towards a General Theory of Reduction. Part III: Cross-Categorical Reduction

Dialogue ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Function ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
State Association ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Any theory of reduction that goes only so far as carried in Parts I and II ([165], [166]) does only half the job. Prima facie at least, there are cases of would-be reduction which seem torn between two conflicting intuitions. On the one side there is a strong intuition that reduction is involved, and a strongly retentive reduction at that. On the other side it seems that the concepts at one level cross-classify those at the other level, so that there is no way to identify properties at one level with those at the other. There is evidence to suggest that there will be no unique mental state/neural state association that can be set up, because, e.g., many different parts of the nervous system are all capable of taking over ‘control’ of the one mental function. And it is alleged that infinitely many, worse: indefinitely many, different bio-chemo-physical states could correspond to the economic property ‘has a monetary system of economic exchange’; and similarly for the property ‘has just won a game of tennis’. Yet one doesn't want an economic system or a game of tennis to be some ghostly addition to the actual bio-chemo-physical processes and events involved (cf. Rudner [188]). Similarly one hopes that neurophysiology allied with the rest of natural science will render human experience and behaviour explicable.

Understanding Screen Franchising

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Moran
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dramatic Character ◽  
Ugly Betty ◽  
Trade Mark Law ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Media And Communication

Handbooks about the business practice of franchising do not seem to consider whether the practice occurs in television and other media industries. This lack of regard is replicated by media and communication scholars who fail to consider how this kind of media licensing works, even though the term franchising' is frequently adopted. To place the topic in a wider realm of critical inquiry, this article analyses a set of distinct economic, legal and cultural parameters that have to do with media intertext franchising on the one hand and television format franchising on the other. It finds that the two sets of practices operate under different regimes of legal protection, one concentrating on trade mark law and the other focusing on copyright law. In turn, this raises a question concerning the legal protectability of television program formats such as Ugly Betty under a legal shield associated with the media intertext rather than the television format. The presence of dramatic character would seem to be crucial to facilitating the building of a brand associated with a fictional character's aura or image.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document