scholarly journals Zróżnicowanie poziomu wzrostu gospodarczego w wybranych krajach Afryki Subsaharyjskiej

2011 ◽  
pp. 55-91
Author(s):  
Monika Krukowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Sub Saharan

The purpose of the article is to analyse the economic growth of Sub-Saharan African countriesin the last decades, with special focus on the period 2000-2009. Economic development in Africa has been mostly positive in recent years with growth pace binge moderate and steady. However, significant differences exist between specific countries, stemming from abundance of mineral resources, location, size of the population or policy of central government. Countries which managed to introduce deep structural reforms, improve the investment climate, diversify output and exports as well as actively searched for new trading partners outperformed. Countries economy which is purely based on exports of crude oil reported also good economic performance,. However influx of investments there as well as general economic development is constrained by risk of the fiscal destabilization, which sudden plunge in commodity prices could originate. In our research we focused on the following growth indicators: GDP, savings rate, FDI, foreign trade and external aid.

scholarly journals Selected aspects of GDP value and structure development in sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Karel Tomšík
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Dynamics

Africa belongs to the poorest regions of the world. This statement may be applied especially to its sub-Saharan part. The paper analyses some basic structural characteristics related to the economic development of sub-Saharan region. The article reveals existing differences between countries and regions of sub-Saharan Africa and analyses key problems which influence economic development of individual states. An emphasis is placed on analysing an unsuitable GDP structure and on external economic relations which affect this structure. Results of an investigation show that the GDP of sub-Saharan countries is to a large extend generated by the primary sector of their economies, which is dominant in the total GDP value and its position is continuously strengthening due to a high dynamics of its growth. Having regard to the external environment, there can be stated that the foreign trade has contributed to the GDP growth of the whole region only to a limited degree (this does not apply to all countries seen as individuals). The integration process in sub-Saharan Africa may be characterized as questionable. Many integration groupings are operating in the region, but their influence on economic growth is limited due a low potential for mutual cooperation based on specialisation and use of comparative advantages. The economies of sub-Saharan countries are very sensitive to changes in their external economic environment. In this regard, there is important to highlight the very strong sensitivity of the GDP in the sub-Saharan region in relation to the World GDP (mainly to European and US GDP because both regions belong to the most important trading partners of Africa as a whole).

Food Security: Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche C. Amalu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food Imports

Falling world grain stocks, rising grain prices and the poor economic situation of Africa have, since 1995, made food security a major issue. Structural adjustment programmes, the crushing burden of debt, the collapse of commodity prices and mismanagement of national economies have rendered African people even poorer in terms of per capita income and quality of life than they were in the first decade after the attainment of independence. Yet Africa is rich in many ways — for example, in virgin land for agriculture and in mineral resources, including energy. It is rich above all in its people and their determined spirit to face all disasters, natural and man-made. In line with this spirit, Africa is moving ahead on a new consensus that food security through enhanced agricultural production is the continent's most fundamental development issue. Although the economic plans of successive African governments have stressed the goal of food self-sufficiency, the food sector has received little investment or political priority. Africa continues to rely on food aid and food imports, which consume a large part of its meagre export earnings. The increasingly limited capacity to purchase food abroad and the bitter experience of depending on emergency aid are honing a clear determination that Africa must marshal the resources to grow its own food and so release the creative energies of its people to contribute fully to their own development and well-being. Top priority should be given to food security during this process, as no country can consider itself free until it has the wherewithal to provide for the basic needs of its people.

The Prospects for eGovernment and eGovernance in Sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Nyirenda ◽  
Robert A. Cropf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan

EGovernance and eGovernment are critical tools for Good governance and economic development, and are therefore critical for Highly Indebted Poor Countries, a majority of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reviews literature in order to discuss the prospects of eGovernance and eGovernment in Sub Saharan Countries, and chooses the nation of Zambia as an in-depth case study. Issues of investment climate, market structure, infrastructural capacity, social contexts and political and cultural resistance factors are identified as impediments but also key components (if well understood and tackled) for effective initiation and implementation of eGovernance and eGovernment projects.

Ethnicity and Economic Development in Xinjiang

Inner Asia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Teufel Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Central Government ◽  
World Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Asian Currency Crisis ◽  
State Enterprises

AbstractAlthough Xinjiang, comprising one-sixth the land area of the People’s Republic of China, is rich in oil and other natural resources and produces high-quality cotton, fruit, wool, and mutton, it has failed to meet central government expectations for economic development. During the 1990s, a drop in world market prices for the autonomous area’s major exports, oil and cotton, combined with the Asian currency crisis and ethnic unrest in both Xinjiang and its major Central Asian trading partners to inhibit growth. Ambitious plans to improve the infrastructure, irrigate deserts, and restructure money-losing state enterprises are likely to produce improvements in certain sectors. However, they will also work against the central government’s desire for social control. Faced with a choice between economic growth and social control, party and government are likely to opt for the latter.

The Prospects for eGovernment and eGovernance in Sub-Saharan Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Nyirenda ◽  
Robert A. Cropf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan

EGovernance and eGovernment are critical tools for Good governance and economic development, and are therefore critical for Highly Indebted Poor Countries, a majority of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article reviews literature in order to discuss the prospects of eGovernance and eGovernment in Sub Saharan Countries, and chooses the nation of Zambia as an in-depth case study. Issues of investment climate, market structure, infrastructural capacity, social contexts and political and cultural resistance factors are identified as impediments but also key components (if well understood and tackled) for effective initiation and implementation of eGovernance and eGovernment projects.

scholarly journals Implication Of Regional Tax Regulation On The Investment Climate And Its Reference To Omnibus Bill On Taxation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Debora Kristina Doloksaribu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe granting of autonomy to the regions is intended to provide democratic space and public participation. Legal certainty in the administration of regional government specifically related to taxes is very crucial, especially for economic development, as it affects the investment climate. Any discrepancy between regional and central policies is seen as an obstacle in optimizing investment performance in the regions. The Government has proposed a Bill on General Provisions and Tax Facilities for Strengthening the Economy or also known as the Omnibus Bill on Taxation which regulates, among other things, regional tax and levy. The method used in this study is the type of legal research (normative) and carried out by examining library materials or secondary data in the form of various legal references, including primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. A descriptive technique is used in analyzing legal materials that have been collected. Writer opines that the Omnibus Bill is expected to provide business certainty, in the hope that it can increase investment. However, the discussion of the Omnibus Bill must be carefully done. There has to be a certainty and clarity of the intervention procedures of the central government so that it is carried out in a clear legal corridor.  AbstrakPemberian otonomi kepada daerah dimaksudkan untuk memberikan ruang demokrasi dan partisipasi masyarakat. Kepastian hukum dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah merupakan hal yang sangat penting terutama dalam pembangunan di bidang ekonomi karena hal tersebut mempengaruhi iklim investasi. Adanya ketidaksinkronan kebijakan daerah dengan pusat dinilai sebagai hambatan dalam optimalisasi kinerja investasi di daerah. Pemerintah telah mengajukan Rancangan Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum dan Fasilitas Perpajakan Untuk Penguatan Perekonomian atau RUU Omnibus Perpajakan yang salah satunya mengatur tentang pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum (normatif) dan dilakukan dengan menelaah bahan pustaka atau data sekunder berupa berbagai acuan hukum, baik bahan hukum primer, sekunder, maupun tersier. Teknik deskriptif digunakan dalam menganalisis bahan hukum yang telah dikumpulkan. Penulis berpendapat bahwa Omnibus Law Perpajakan dapat memberikan kepastian berusaha sehingga investasi semakin meningkat. Namun demikian, pembahasan RUU Omnibus Law harus dilakukan dengan cermat dan hati-hati. Harus ada kepastian dan kejelasan prosedur intervensi dari pemerintah pusat sehingga pelaksanaannya berada dalam koridor hukum yang jelas.  

Investment climate and government turnover in russian regions

2014 ◽  
pp. 88-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Syunyaev ◽  
L. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Endogenous Property Rights ◽  
The Impact

We study the impact of Russian regional governors’ rotation and their affiliation with private sector firms for the quality of investment climate in Russian regions. A theoretical model presented in the paper predicts that these factors taken together improve “endogenous” property rights under authoritarian regimes. This conclusion is confirmed empirically by using Russian regional data for 2002—2010; early in that period gubernatorial elections had been canceled and replaced by federal government’s appointments. This is an indication that under certain conditions government rotation is beneficial for economic development even when democracy is suppressed.

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

scholarly journals Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Husam Rjoub ◽  
Chuka Uzoma Ifediora ◽  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Benneth Chiemelie Iloka ◽  
João Xavier Rita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan African countries are known to be bedeviled with some challenges hindering the economic development. Meanwhile, some of these issues have not been exhaustively investigated in the context of the region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of government effectiveness, availability of natural resources, and security threats on the regions’ economic development. Yearly data, spanning from 2007 to 2020, was converted from low frequency (yearly) to high frequency (quarterly) and utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Dynamic heterogeneous panel level estimators (PMG and CS-ARDL). Findings show that while PMG estimator confirms a long-run causal effect of governance, natural resources, and security threats on economic development, only natural resources show a short-run causal effect with economic development, while the CS-ARDL (model 2) confirms the significance of all the variables both in the long and short-run. Moreover, the ECT coefficients for both models were found to be statistically significant at less than 1% significance level, which indicates that the systems return back to equilibrium in case of a shock that causes disequilibrium, and in addition, reveals a stable long-run cointegration among the variables in the model. Finally, this study suggests that the policy makers in SSA countries should place more emphasis on improving governance, managing security challenges, and effectively utilizing rents from the natural resources, as all these have severe implications for the economic development of the region if not addressed.

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