scholarly journals Treatment of Oil from the Oil Industry Wastewater by the Production of a Hydrophobic Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Composite Nanoparticle ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽  
Dominant Phase ◽  
Tga Analysis

A novel, economic and environment-friendly composite material based on magnetic hollow magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle coated with a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was produced to treat the oil from the oil industry wastewaters. The oils were readily removed via hydrophobic PVP -magnetite nanocomposite. In this study the physicochemical properties of the produced PVP-magnetite nanocomposite were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. The effects of increasing PVP -magnetite nanocomposite concentrations, the effects of separation time, effect of pH on the removal of oil were investigated. The removals of individual oil types with different carbon (C) ring numbers (from C 9 up to C 25) were investigated during oil removal. The reusing capacity of PVP-magnetite nanocomposite was investigated after 40 cycling for oil removal. The removal yields for all pollutants in the oil industry was investigated. FTIR analysis results showed that in the spectrum of PVP-coated magnetite nanocomposite the peak at 2500 1/cm can be attributed to the stretching vibration of C−N and C═O. XRD spectrum of the synthesized PVP– magnetite composite nanoparticle exhibited that the dominant phase of the composite nanoparticle is magnetite with a particle size of 16.8 nm. TGA analysis showed that about 69% weight loss was observed at 500°C and this is attributed to decomposition of PVP. Nonane (9 C rings) and undecane (11 C rings) have high removal yields like 99.99% while the oils with high carbon rings such as, 80% ducosene (22 C rings) and 72% pentacosane (25 C rings) exhibited low yields. The aforementined nanoparticle can be used 29 times to remove the oil with a yield of 99.99%. The maximum CODdis, COD, TSS and oil removal efficiencies were 99%, 99.5%, 99% and 99.90% respectively, via adsorption with 3 mg/l hydrophobic PVP-Fe3O4 / Polimer nanocomposite.

Darstellung, 11B-, 13C-, 29Si-NMR- und Schwingungsspektren von Trimethylsilylmethyl-hexahydro-closo-hexaborat, [B6H6(CH2Si(CH3)3)]- sowie Kristallstruktur von [P(C6H5)4][B6H6(CH2Si(CH3)3)] / Preparation, 11B, 13C, 29Si NMR and Vibrational Spectra of Trimethylsilylmethyl-hexahydro-clo-hexaborate, [B6H6(CH2Si(CH 3)3)]-and the Crystal Structure of [P(C6H5)4] [B6H6(CH2Si(CH3)3)]

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baurmeister ◽  
A. Franken ◽  
W. Preetz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
29Si Nmr ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quadrupole Coupling ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
C Nmr

By reaction of [N(C4H9 )4]2 [B6H6] with iodomethyl-trimethylsilane in acetonitrile a solution with trimethylsilylm ethyl-closo-hexaborate(1-)anions, [B6H6 (CH2Si(CH3)3)]-, is formed. The crystal structure of [P(C6H5 )4][B6H6(CH2Si(CH3)3)] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 16.140(2), b = 11.646(8), c = 16.731(3) Å, β 109.664(11)°. The 11B NMR spectrum reveals features of a mono hetero substituted octahedral B6 cage. The 13C NMR spectrum exhibits a quartet at +0.18 ppm with 1J(C,H) = 118 Hz for the three methyl groups and a weak multiplet at -0.65 ppm for the methylene bridge due to quadrupole coupling with the boron atoms. In the 29Si NMR spectrum a decet at +2.25 ppm with 2J(C,H ) = 6.9 Hz is observed. The B -C stretching vibration is observed at 1155 cm-1 in the IR and Raman spectrum.

A low-temperature, environment-friendly approach to the synthesis of magnesium borates using magnesium waste scraps

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aycin Kaplan ◽  
Azmi Seyhun Kipcak ◽  
Fatma Tugce Senberber ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun ◽  
Sabriye Piskin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Boron Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnesium Borate ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Boron Source

AbstractIn the present study, magnesium borate synthesis was performed by a hydrothermal mixing method, with the use of magnesium waste scraps (W) as the magnesium source, along with boric acid (H) or boron oxide (B) as the boron source. For an environment-friendly approach, a solid waste of magnesium was used at low reaction temperatures. Results of X-ray diffraction analyses showed that admontite [MgO(B

scholarly journals Síntese, caracterização e estabilidade de nanopartículas de magnetita

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2738-2749
Author(s):  
Monise Cristina Ribeiro Casanova Coltro ◽  
Warde Antonieta da Fonseca-Zang ◽  
Joachim Werner Zang ◽  
Danilo César Silva e Sousa
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Mineral Substance ◽  
Abundant Element ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Size

Nanopartículas de ferro são muito utilizadas em diversas áreas de pesquisa. O elemento químico ferro (Fe), sendo o quarto elemento mais abundante na crosta terrestre, e a substância mineral magnetita, com propriedade magnética, apresentam aplicações nas áreas industrial, ambiental, biomédica e de novas tecnologias. Este trabalho apresenta processo de síntese de nanopartículas partindo-se de sais precursores, bem como a caracterização dos produtos e as rotas para estabilizá-los. Os sais químicos precursores utilizados foram o cloreto férrico (FeCl3) e o sulfato ferroso (FeSO4) na proporção de 2:1, sob agitação por ultrassom e pH ácido. Para formação do precipitado de nanopartículas usou-se solução aquosa de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) de pH 12. A difratometria de raio-X, mostra a presença de magnetita (Fe3O4) indicada pelos picos característicos de difração em graus 2Ө = 18° (largo), 31° (fino), 36° (bem definido), 43,4°, 45°, 53,6°, 57,7°, 63,3°. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostra a morfologia dos produtos da síntese. Fatores que influenciam a estabilidade das partículas são agitação, o ajuste de pH, condições de secagem. O tamanho médio das nanopartículas de magnetitas é de aproximadamente 15 nm.   Iron nanoparticles are widely used in several research areas. The chemical element iron (Fe), being the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, and the mineral substance magnetite, with magnetic properties, have applications in industrial, environmental, biomedical, and new technology areas. This work presents the process of synthesis of nanoparticles starting from precursor salts, as well as the characterization of the products and the routes to stabilize them. The precursor chemical salts were ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) in a 2:1 ratio, under ultrasound agitation and acidic pH. For the nanoparticles growth was applied aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at pH 12. X-ray diffraction shows the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4) indicated by characteristic diffraction peaks in degrees 2Ө = 18° (wide), 31° (fine), 36° (well defined), 43.4°, 45°, 53.6°, 57.7°, 63.3°. Scanning electron microscopy shows the morphology of the synthesis products. Factors that influence the stability of the particles are agitation, the pH adjustment, and the conditions of drying. The average size of the magnetite nanoparticles is approximately 15 nm.

Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Various Surfactants and Studying their Characterizations

2008 ◽  
Vol 273-276 ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
S. Alibeigi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Vaezi ◽  
Sayed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad
Keyword(s):  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mixed Salt ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Co Precipitation

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared simply by the reverse co-precipitation method from the solution of ferrous/ferric mixed salt in the presence of cationic surfactant (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and nonionic surfactant (Polyethylene glycol, PEG) in two concentrations. Meanwhile, Fe3O4 nanoparticles without surfactant are also synthesized under the same condition for comparison. In addition via the reverse co-precipitation method, the pH which is an important factor in synthesis of magnetite was controlled at high values easily. The experimental results reveal that addition of surfactants affected on the size and morphology of the nanoparticles based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterizations.

Raman Spectroscopic and X-ray Diffraction Studies on Concentrated Aqueous Zinc (II) Bromide Solution at High Temperatures

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Takamuku ◽  
Mikito Ihara ◽  
Toshio Yamaguchi ◽  
Hisanobu Wakita
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Bromide Solution ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Raman and X-ray scattering experiments have been performed on an aqueous zinc (II) bromide solution with molar ratio [ H2 0] / [ ZnBr2 ] =10 at 25 to 140 °C. The intensity of the totally symmetric Zn - Br stretching vibration (ν1) for the dibromozinc(II) complex increased with increasing temperature while that for the tetrabromo complex decreased. A broad band assigned to the symmetric Zn - O stretching vibration ( ν1 ) for the aqua zinc (II) ion decreased in intensity with increasing temperature. The X-ray diffraction data revealed that the average number of the Zn - Br interactions within the zinc (II) bromo complexes does not change with temperature, whereas the number of Br ··· Br nonbonding interactions within the complexes decreases from 1.8 at 25 °C to 1.5 at 100 °C. From both Raman and X-ray data it is concluded that with increasing temperature the dibromo species is favored, whereas the tetrabromo and aqua zinc(II) species are unstable in the solution. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction data has shown that the mean Zn - Br bond length within the zinc (II) bromo complexes shortens gradually with increasing temperature, accompanied with an increase in the interligand Br ···Br distance. This finding suggests that the Br - Zn - Br bond angle increases with decreasing Zn - Br distance for the lower zinc(II) bromo complexes. The equilibrium shift of the zinc (II) bromo complexes with temperature is discussed on the basis of ion-ion, ion-water, and water-water interactions

Crystal structure of a birefringent andradite–grossular from Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sytle M. Antao ◽  
Allison M. Klincker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Homogeneous Composition ◽  
Dominant Phase ◽  
Three Phases

The structure of a birefringent andradite–grossular sample was refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCD) and synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data. Electron-microprobe results indicate a homogeneous composition of {Ca2.88Mn2+0.06Mg0.04Fe2+0.03}Σ3[Fe3+1.29Al0.49Ti4+0.17Fe2+0.06]Σ2(Si2.89Al0.11)Σ3O12. The Rietveld refinement reducedχ2 = 1.384 and overallR(F2) = 0.0315. The HRPXRD data show that the sample contains three phases. For phase-1, the weight %, unit-cell parameter (Å), distances (Å), and site occupancy factor (sof) are 62.85(7)%,a = 12.000 06(2), average <Ca–O> = 2.4196, Fe–O = 1.9882(5), Si–O = 1.6542(6) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.970(2), Fe(sof) = 0.763(1), and Si(sof) = 0.954(2). The corresponding data for phase-2 are 19.14(9)%,a = 12.049 51(2), average <Ca–O> = 2.427, Fe–O = 1.999(1), Si–O = 1.665(1) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.928(4), Fe(sof) = 0.825(3), and Si(sof) = 0.964(4). The corresponding data for phase-3 are 18.01(9)%,a = 12.019 68(3), average <Ca–O> = 2.424, Fe–O = 1.992(2), Si–O = 1.658(2) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.896(5), Fe(sof) = 0.754(4), and Si(sof) = 0.936(5). The fine-scale coexistence of the three phases causes strain that arises from the unit-cell and bond distances differences, and gives rise to strain-induced birefringence. The results from the SCD are similar to the dominant phase-1 obtained by the HRPXRD, but the SCD misses the minor phases.

Preparation and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan for removal of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. I. Shalaby ◽  
N. M. Fikrt ◽  
M. M. Mohamed ◽  
M. F. El Kady
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Co Precipitation

This study investigated the applicability of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with chitosan (CMNs) for the removal of some toxic heavy metals from simulated wastewater. Magnetic nanomaterials were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of the prepared magnetic nanoparticles were determined by a vibrating-sample magnetometer. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) by magnetic nanoparticles. It is noteworthy that CMNs show a highly efficient adsorption capacity for low concentration Cr(VI) and Cd(II) ions solution, which can reach 98% within 10 min.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS IN THE Tl–Ca–Ba–Cu–O SYSTEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 733-741
Author(s):  
NAROTTAM P. BANSAL ◽  
D. E. FARRELL
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Resistive Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
High Tc ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Dominant Phase

In an effort to synthesize the high-T c superconducting phase in the thallium system, two nominal compositions, Tl 2 Ca 2 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 10 and Tl 1 Ca 3 Ba 1 Cu 3 O 8.5, have been investigated for superconductivity as a function of the sintering temperature, time, atmosphere, and quench rate. Samples have been characterized by electrical resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Samples of starting composition Tl 2 Ca 2 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 10 fired in air at 860–900°C and rapidly quenched showed T c (R = 0) of 96–107 K. In contrast, specimens of starting composition Tl 1 Ca 0 Ba 1 Cu 3 O 8.5 when baked at 900°C and slow cooled in oxygen were superconducting at ≥ 116 K and consisted of Tl 2 Ca 2 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 10+x as the dominant phase. Our results also show that, in contrast to the case of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x, doping with a small concentration of fluorine sharpens the resistive transition and produces large T c increase in thallium-based superconductors.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxides Nanoparticles

2006 ◽  
Vol 306-308 ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Chin Ang ◽  
Iskandar Idris Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4

Magnetic iron oxides nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature using water in oil microemulsion process. This microemulsion system was prepared using HTAB (surfactant), noctane (oil), 1-butanol (cosurfactant) and aqueous salt solution of Fe2+ and OH-. The microemulsions were used as microreactors for controlling the growth of the particles. The nanoparticles were characterized using TGA, XRD, TEM, BET, DLS and AGM. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the magnetic nanoparticles could be directly formed at room temperature. It also showed that the particles were either maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4). TGA thermogram showed two significant weight losses at around 100°C and 250° C, which were caused by dehydration and burn off of the surfactant. The surface area of the magnetic particles measured using gas absorption and desorption technique was 105.43m2/g, which indicated the presence of particles of 21nm in length. The size measured by TEM and DLS was 105nm and 107.9nm respectively due to the formation of large aggregated clusters. The sample also showed strong magnetic properties with the value of Ms of 11.2 emu/g.

Study of Compatibility between Organoclays and Organic Dispersant Media through Foster Swelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Danubia Lisbôa Costa ◽  
M.A.F. Cardoso ◽  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Foster swelling is one of the methods used to determine the compatibility between organoclays and organic dispersant media, improving the quality of organoclays. The need for replacing imported clays by national ones for the oil industry has recently resulted in the discovery of new deposits of smectites in the cites of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, PB, reflecting great social and economic effects for that region. So, the objective of this work is to obtain organoclays from smectites from Pedra Lavrada, PB, aiming at the study of how to make these clays suitable with some organic dispersant media through Foster swelling. After organofilization, the clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Foster swelling. The results pointed that some media are compatible with organoclays, being diesel, kerosene and varsol the descendant order of compatibility between the clays and the organic media.

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