scholarly journals Perbandingan Busana Arca Harihara Era Klasik Akhir (Koleksi State Hermitage Museum, Museum Nasional Jakarta, dan Balai Lelang Christie’s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Waridah Muthi'ah ◽  
Agus Sachari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Religious Sects

Harihara is the amalgamation of two great gods in Hinduism, Siva and Vishnu. During the Late Classical Era (Majapahit period, 13th-15th centuries AD) three deification statues which portrayed the kings as Harihara have been found. Out of these three, two of them are not located in Indonesia anymore, one is part of the collection of Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, and one is in Christie’s Auction Gallery. Since these two statues are not widely known, they are barely mentioned or studied in the field of classical archaeology and art. This research focuses on the physical attributes of those two statues, particularly the clothing elements and divine attributes, in comparation to the deification statue of Raden Wijaya as Harihara, which is originated from Candi Simping and now is located in National Museum, Jakarta. The research was conducted using a qualitative-comparative method with iconographic and historical approach. It is found that while these statues show the amalgamation of Siva and Vishnu’s attributes, the depiction of Harihara in those statues are not exactly following Harihara iconography as regulated in the canons of Silpasastra and Manasara. While the canon physical attributes of Shiva and Vishnu side by side equally, in the depiction of Harihara in Java, those attributes are mixed and not always follows a rigid pattern. It is suggested that the depiction of  kings as Harihara show an attempt to project them as the unifier of different factions and religious sects. The inequal depiction of Vishnu and Siva’s attributes in king’s deification statues indicates not only the dynamics of the religion in the era, but also as mean to build king’s image in the image of the God.

Creation of Permanent Exhibitions of the National Museum

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Michal Stehlík
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children's Museum

Abstract At the onset of preparations of new permanent exhibitions of the National Museum (NM) in 2011, it was necessary to define their content. Several expert teams composed of NM staff and other institutions took part in this process. Historical topics were embraced in a novel perspective, their comprehensive presentation was so far absent in the NM. Social science expositions in the History exhibition will map the development of society from the Early Middle Ages until the end of the 20th century. The People exhibition will interlink the topics of anthropology, archaeology and classical archaeology. Natural science topics will be elaborated on three levels – nature around us, stories of evolution, and an experimental area (ExperiMus). They will reveal processes affecting the shape and transformations of Earth. The Social and Natural science parts will be linked through the Treasury exhibition. The Pantheon and the Children’s Museum will form completely independent units. The architecture of exhibitions will be the result of public tenders conducted in compliance with the Act on Public Contracts. New expositions of the NM are to be opened in 2019 (Natural science) and 2020 (Social science) on a total area of 12 000 m2.

scholarly journals Religious consequences of prediction of the time of Messiah’s arrival in Islam

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ranjbari Heidarbaghi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Approach ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Religious Sects ◽  
Religious Nature

This article is dedicated to the phenomenon of prediction of time of Messiah’s arrival in Islam. This phenomenon led to a range of consequences in the Islamic societies, which can be divided into several categories of sociopolitical and religious nature. The goal of this research consists in examination and analysis of religious consequences caused by prediction of the date of arrival of the Savior in Islam. The relevance of this work is substantiated by the fact that the theme of belief in the Savior has always been of utmost importance and dynamically present in the Islamic tradition; currently it stirs even greater interest. The scientific novelty consists in making emphasis on the consequences of prediction of time of the arrival of Mahdi, as well as comprehensive inductive conclusion and application of historical approach to the topic. The research results demonstrate that prediction of the date of Savior’s arrival in Islam had such consequences, as appearance of false messiahs, establishment of new religious sects, theological disputes, spread of despair among those who expect arrival of the Savior. It cannot be regarded that predictions equally contributed to the emergence of each of the aforementioned consequences, but their role is reflected in a range of the key, favorable or complementing factors. However, the fact of their impact is beyond the question.

scholarly journals VARIASI PERHIASAN KEPALA ARCA PARWATI KOLEKSI MUSEUM NASIONAL DI INDONESIA [THE VARIETY OF HEADDRESSES OF THE PARVATI STATUE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN INDONESIA]

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Waridah Muthiah ◽  
Agus Sachari ◽  
Pindi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Art Style

Pemujaan terhadap Parwati mendapatkan tempat yang penting pada era Hindu-Buddha di nusantara, sehubungan dengan kedudukan Parwati sebagai śakti dari dewa tertinggi dalam Śiwaisme, Dewa Śiwa. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh keberadaan arca-arca dewi dan arca perwujudan ratu, yang beberapa di antaranya menjadi koleksi Museum Nasional di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, asal waktu dan identitas tokoh pada kebanyakan arca ini belum dapat diidentifikasi. Mahkota atau hiasan kepala sebagai bagian dari atribut (lakṣana) arca dapat digunakan sebagai sumber informasi melalui kajian terhadap gaya atau langgam estetika. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk memahami variasi mahkota arca Parwati yang berasal dari era Majapahit, khususnya abad ke-14 M dan 15 M, berdasarkan identifikasi gaya seni dan kecenderungan penggambaran pada masa tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif-komparatif dengan pendekatan ikonografi dan morfologi estetis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada dua kecenderungan penggambaran mahkota Parwati. Patung dari Kediri dan Blitar cenderung menggambarkan mahkota Parwati dengan bentuk yang mendekati langgam Klasik Awal (Jawa Tengah), dengan menampilkan mahkota semata-mata sesuai kanon Manasara, seperti jatāmakuta, kesabandha, dan kuntala. Kecenderungan kedua menampilkan Parwati mengenakan kirīṭamakuta, yang merupakan atribut Wisnu, dan penyejajaran sifat dan kedudukannya sebagai sosok pemelihara.The worship of Parvati has an important place in the Hindu-Buddhist era in the Indonesian archipelago, with regard to Parvati's position as the spouse of the supreme god in Shivaism, Shiva. This is indicated by the presence of goddess statues and statues of the embodiment of a queen, which some are in the collections of the National Museum in Indonesia. However, the chronology and identity of the National Museum statues collection have not been distinguished. Information on both aspects of a statue can be achieved by means of the study of style or aesthetic of a crown or headdress as a feature of lakṣana (statue attribute). This research is an attempt to understand the varieties of the crowns of the Parwati statue from the Majapahit era, especially the 14th and 15th centuries, based on the identification of the art style and depiction tendencies during this period. This research was conducted using a descriptive-comparative method with approaches of iconography and aesthetic morphology. The results indicate that there are two trends in depicting Parwati’s crown. The statues from Kediri and Blitar tend to depict Parvati's crown in a form similar to those of the Early Classical (Central Javanese) style, by displaying the crown solely according to the scripture of Manasara, such as jatāmakuta, kesabandha, and kuntala. The second trend presents Parvati wearing the kirīṭamakuta, which is an attribute of Vishnu, which correlates to her nature and position as a guardian.

The Psychology of Religious Sects.

1914 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 480-480
Author(s):  
E. L. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Religious Sects

ISLAM PADA MASA KESULTANAN BANTEN

ALQALAM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Maftuh Maftuh
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Islamic Militancy ◽  
Religious Understanding

For many observers, Banten is well known as an area where the population has a strict religious understanding onislamic law. Colonial officials and experts in Islamic studies such as Snouck Hurgronje and GF Pijper, testified that compared to other Muslims across Java , Muslim in Banten and Cirebon were stricter in practicing Islam . The phenomenon of the social life of the religious community in Banten is necessarily formed within a very long time span. This paper traces the root of the formation of public religious understanding ojMuslim in Banten. Using a socio-historical approach, this paper then leads to the conclusion that the sultan of Banten issued policies that had a greater emphasis to the adherence to the Shari'a rather than Sufism. Religious orientation on the fiqh-oriented can explain the Islamic militancy Banten community, as witnessed by the colonial officials, and even still can be seen up to this present moment.Key words: Jslamization, Sultanate, Banten

Five Years and Count(er)ing: Memoir after Memoir

CounterText ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Norbert Bugeja
Keyword(s):  
Guest Editor ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Terror Attack ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ongoing Project

In this retrospective piece, the Guest Editor of the first number of CounterText (a special issue titled Postcolonial Springs) looks back at the past five years from various scholarly and personal perspectives. He places particular focus on an event that took place mid-way between the 2011 uprisings across a number of Arab countries and the moment of writing: the March 2015 terror attack on the Bardo National Museum in Tunis, which killed twenty-two people and had a profound effect on Tunisian popular consciousness and that of the post-2011 Arab nations. In this context, the author argues for a renewed perspective on memoir as at once a memorial practice and a political gesture in writing, one that exceeds concerns of genre and form to encompass an ongoing project of political re-cognition following events that continue to remap the agenda for the region. The piece makes a brief final pitch for Europe's need to re-cognise, within those modes of ‘articulacy-in-difficulty’ active on its southern borders, specific answers to its own present quandaries.

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