scholarly journals Weed control methods and coffee shrub residue effects on carbon stocks in a Latosol under conservation management practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Martins ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araujo Junior ◽  
Mario Miyazawa ◽  
Karen Mayara Vieira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Hamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Split Plot

Weed control methods in coffee crops can significantly influence carbon (C) stocks of soil humic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate C stocks in an experimental coffee crop submitted to conservation agriculture for weed control between coffee rows. The study was carried out in a very clayey Dystroferric Red Latosol, Londrina, Paraná state (23°21’30” S; 51°10’17” W), cultivated with cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379-19. In 2008, the experiment was established as randomized block design with four replicates within split-split plot scheme. Seven weed control methods between coffee rows were considered (hand weeding; portable mechanical mower; herbicides application; two cover crops; weed check and spontaneous). In September 2013, coffee shrub pruning was conducted and residues were distributed along inter rows. The weed control methods were considered as the main-plot factor and sampling period (March 2014 and February 2015) as the split-plot. Soil samples were collected at the center of the inter rows at four depth increments. C stocks evaluation included total organic carbon determination by chromic acid wet oxidation. Humic substances were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Most of the considered weed control methods did not affect organic carbon storage in 0 – 40 cm layer, nevertheless led to increase at topsoil. In 2015, the humin fraction C stock was 54 % higher at superficial layer than subsequent depth, presenting 39 % average increase at the 2014/2015 interval. Although C stocks from humic and fulvic acids did not vary, more conjugated/condensed characteristic for the fulvic fraction was observed.

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

Alternatives to Glyphosate in conservation agriculture: effects on carbon sequestration in a field experiment in northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
alessia perego ◽  
marco acutis ◽  
calogero schillaci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Cash Crop

<p>Conservative Agriculture (CA) practices are recognized to enhance soil organic carbon stock and in turn to mitigate the effect of climate change. One of the CA principles is to integrate cover crops (CC) into the cropping systems. The termination of CC before the cash crop sowing and the weeds control are the most critical aspects to manage in the CA. The technique currently adopted by farmers for the termination of CC implies the use of Glyphosate. However, the European Commission is currently discussing the possibility of banning the use of this herbicide due to the negative effects on human health and the agro-environment. The disk harrow (DH) or the roller-crimper (RC) can be adopted in CA as an alternative to the use of Glyphosate for the devitalization of CC, their incorporation into the soil (in the case of the disk harrow), and the reduction of weed pressure on the subsequent cash crop.</p><p>From November 2017 to October 2019, soil organic carbon (SOC, g kg<sup>-1</sup>) and crop biomass production were observed in a 2-year field experiment located in Lodi (northern Italy), in which minimum tillage (MT) has been applied for the last 5 years. The soil was loamy and SOC was 16.2 g kg<sup>-1</sup> at the beginning of the experiment. The winter CC was barley (from November to May) and the cash crop was soybean (from June to October). The experiment consisted in three treatments replied for two consecutive years in a randomized block design: Glyphosate spray + DH + sowing + hoeing (MT-GLY); DH + sowing + hoeing (MT-ORG); RC + sod seeding (NT-ORG).</p><p>At the end of 2019, SOC resulted in a higher increase in MT-GLY (+15%) and in MT-ORG (+14%) than in NT-ORG (+6%; p<0.01). This was due to the fact that CC litter in NT-ORG was not in direct contact with soil particles and the process of immobilization was lower than in the other treatments.</p><p>Moreover, the increase in SOC resulted positively correlated to the CC biomass (2018+2019), which was significantly lower in NT-ORG. In particular, no differences of soybean and CC between the three treatments were observed at the end of 2018, but MT-GLY resulted in significantly higher CC and soybean biomass at the end of the second year (+32%, p<0.01). MT-GLY allows to stock more carbon via photosynthesis that in turn results in higher SOC content.</p><p>However, if we consider the tractor fuel consumption (for Glyphosate spray, DH, RC, hoeing), along with the biomass production, the carbon sequestration did not vary between the three treatments.</p><p>Further studies are needed for the definition of optimized field management practices to reduce the passage of machinery while increasing crop production and SOC.</p>

scholarly journals Humic substances and its distribution in coffee crop under cover crops and weed control methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Martins ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araujo-Junior ◽  
Mario Miyazawa ◽  
Karen Mayara Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Control Methods

scholarly journals Spring-planted cover crops for weed control in soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Katja Koehler-Cole ◽  
Christopher A. Proctor ◽  
Roger W. Elmore ◽  
David A. Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Small Grains

Abstract Replacing tillage with cover crops (CC) for weed management in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems with mechanical weed control has many soil health benefits but in the western Corn Belt, CC establishment after harvest is hampered by cold temperatures, limited labor and few compatible CC species. Spring-planted CC may be an alternative, but information is lacking on suitable CC species. Our objective was to evaluate four spring-planted CC with respect to biomass production and weed suppression, concurrent with CC growth and post-termination. Cover crop species tested were oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), brown mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] and yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench). They were compared to no-CC treatments that were either tilled pre- and post-planting of soybean (no-CC tilled) or not tilled at all (no-CC weedy). CC were planted in late March to early April, terminated 52–59 days later using an undercutter, and soybean was planted within a week. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications and was repeated for 3 years. Mustards and small grains produced similar amounts of biomass (1.54 Mg ha−1) but mustard biomass production was more consistent (0.85–2.72 Mg ha−1) than that of the small grains (0.35–3.81 Mg ha−1). Relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, mustards suppressed concurrent weed biomass in two out of 3 years, by 31–97%, and small grains suppressed concurrent weed biomass in only 1 year, by 98%. Six weeks after soybean planting, small grains suppressed weed biomass in one out of 3 years, by 79% relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, but mustards did not provide significant weed suppression. The no-CC tilled treatment suppressed weeds each year relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, on average 87%. The ineffective weed control by CC reduced soybean biomass by about 50% six weeks after planting. While spring-planted CC have the potential for pre-plant weed control, they do not provide adequate early season weed suppression for soybean.

Soil organic carbon in cropping and pasture systems of Victoria, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Robertson ◽  
Doug Crawford ◽  
Debra Partington ◽  
Ivanah Oliver ◽  
David Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soc Stock

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in agricultural soils through changes to management may help to mitigate rising greenhouse gas emissions and sustain agricultural productivity and environmental conditions. However, in order to improve assessment of the potential for increasing SOC storage in the agricultural lands of Victoria, Australia, further information is required on current SOC levels and how they are related to environmental conditions, soil properties and agricultural management. Therefore, we measured stocks of SOC at 615 sites in pasture and cropping systems in Victoria, encompassing eight regions, five soil orders and four management classes (continuous cropping, crop–pasture rotation, sheep or beef pasture, and dairy pasture), and explored relationships between the C stocks and environment, soil and management. The results showed an extremely wide range in SOC, from 2 to 239 t C/ha (0–30 cm). Most of this variation was attributable to climate; almost 80% of the variation in SOC stock was related to annual rainfall or vapour pressure deficit (i.e. humidity). Texture-related soil properties accounted for a small, additional amount of variation in SOC. After accounting for climate, differences in SOC between management classes were small and often not significant. Management practices such as stubble retention, minimum cultivation, perennial pasture species, rotational grazing and fertiliser inputs were not significantly related to SOC stock. The relationships between SOC and environment, soil and management were scale-dependent. Within individual regions, the apparent influence of climate and soil properties on SOC stock varied, and in some regions, much of the variation in SOC stock remained unexplained. The results suggest that, across Victoria, there is a general hierarchy of influence on SOC stock: climate > soil properties > management class > management practices.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Sumit Mukati ◽  
Y. M. Kool ◽  
Deepak Thakur ◽  
Deepak Singune
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Present field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in Ringondiya village, Madhya Pradesh during rabi season 2018-19 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on performance of chickpea, basic soil properties and nutrient availability. The performance of chickpea (cv. JG-322) was evaluated under seven treatments viz., T1-Control, T2-100% N:P:K (20:50:20), T3-50% N:P:K + FYM @5 t ha-1, T4-50% N:P:K + vermicomposting @2 t ha-1, T5-50% N:P:K + PSB @4 kg ha-1, T6-50% N:P:K + FYM @5 t ha-1 + PSB @4 kg ha-1 and T7-50% N:P:K + vermicomposting @2 t ha-1 +PSB @4 kg ha-1 replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of chickpea were determined at harvest. Similarly, the soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and soil available nutrients (N, P and K) were also determined in post harvest soil samples. The results revealed that the integrated nutrient management practice significantly improved the performance of chickpea. The soil organic carbon and available nutrients were also found increased under INM practices.

scholarly journals Response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to plant population and weed control methods in a chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida L.) infested field In Sudan Savanna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Y. Garba
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Sudan Savanna

Chicken weed is a significant weed in India and it occurs under onion cultivated field at Birnin Kebbi in the Sudan Savannah, Nigeria. On-farm experiment was conducted at Birnin Kebbi during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 dry season to evaluate the effect of plant population and weed control methods on the management of chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida) alongside other weeds in onion field. The experiment consisted of three plant populations (500,000, 333,333 and 250,000 plants per hectare) and twelve weed control methods (Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, + 1Hw; pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1Hw; butachlor at 2.8 kg a.i. ha-1 + oxyfluorfen at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1; butachlor at 3.6 kg a.i. ha-1; fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; oxyfluorfen at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1Hw; hoe weeding at 3 (WAT); hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAT; weed free and weedy check). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete Block design replicated three times. Results showed that weed, growth and yield parameters were not significantly affected by plant population. Pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and weed free plots consistently recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency. Butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded the lowest crop injury score. Increase in plant height was observed when pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 respectively was applied, while application of pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded highest number of leaves and leaf area. Cured bulb and marketable bulb yield were greater with the use of pendimethalin and butachlor at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and the pooled data respectively. Application of pendimethalin and butachlor at the rate of 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by 1 Hw at 6 WAT respectively was therefore recommended for the control of chicken weed alongside other weed species in the ecology

scholarly journals Effect of neem fertilizer rates and weed control methods on the growth and yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) merrill) in north Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Y. Garba ◽  
Z. Yakubu ◽  
A.I. Yakubu ◽  
J. Alhassan ◽  
M. Gana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
North Central ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Two field experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of the Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State during the 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons to determine the effect of neem fertilizer rates and weed control methods on the growth and yields of soybeans. The experimental treatments were made up of four neem fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and six weed control methods (pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 followed by one hoe weeding, pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by diuron at 1.5 kg a.i ha-1, weeding once at 3 WAS, weeding twice at 3 and 6 WAS, weed free and weedy check. The experiment was a 3 × 3 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomize complete block design replicated three times. TGX 1448 – 2E variety of soybean was used for the study. Result showed that weed control efficiency was better with the use of 150 kg ha-1 of neem fertilizer, while decrease in weed dry matter was obtained at 50 kg ha-1. Increase in number of leaves and leaf area were encouraged with 150 kg ha-1 of neem fertilizer. Weed free treatments recorded the highest grain yield and 100 seed weight of soybean. Pendimethalin at 1.5 or 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 supplemented with one hoe weeding or diuron at 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 respectively can be an alternative for better control of weeds to obtain greater yield of soybean in the study area.

scholarly journals Weed dynamics, weed control efficiency and yield of aerobic rice as influenced by different weed management practices in eastern U.P.

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740
Author(s):  
R.K. Parihar ◽  
◽  
V.K. Srivastava ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Broad Leaf

Aim: To identify the best sequence of pre- and post-emergence herbicides for achieving better weed control efficiency in aerobic rice. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatment combinations, replicated thrice.? The dominant weeds in field were C. dactylon, E. colona and E. crusgalli among grasses, C. rotundus, C. difformis and F. maliaceae among sedges and C. axillaris and P. niruri among broad-leaf weeds. Treatments consisting sequential application of two pre-emergence application [Pendimethalin (30 EC) @ 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1; Butachlor (50 EC) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1] followed by three post emergence herbicides [Bispyribac-Na (10% SC) @ 35 g a.i. ha-1; 2, 4-D Na salt (80 WP) @ 0.06 kg a.i. ha-1; Almix (CME + MSM ) (20 WP) @ 40 g a.i. ha-1] and straw mulching @ 4 t ha-1;? Mechanical weeding at 20 and 45 DAS, weed free and unweeded check.? Results: Among herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 3-4 DAS fb Bispyribac-Na at 15-20 DAS as post-emergence was most effective in minimizing weed density (4.81 m-2), biomass (6.20 g m-2), weed index (1.11%) and in enhancing the weed control efficiency (84.50%), grain yield (3.68 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.87 t ha-1) over rest of the treatments. Interpretation: Sequential application of pendimethalin at 3-4 DAS fb bispyribac-Na at 15-20 DAS is prominent in enhancing herbicide efficacy and reducing weed flora abundance resulting in higher weed control efficiency and grain yield due to their broad spectrum weed control.

scholarly journals Forest conversion to poplar plantation in a Lombardy floodplain (Italy): effects on soil organic carbon stock

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6483-6493 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ferré ◽  
R. Comolli ◽  
A. Leip ◽  
G. Seufert
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. Effects of forest conversion to poplar plantation on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were investigated by sampling paired plots in an alluvial area of the Ticino River in Northern Italy. According to land registers and historical aerial photographs, the two sites were part of a larger area of a 200 yr old natural forest that was partly converted to poplar plantation in 1973. The soil sampling of three layers down to a depth of 100 cm was performed at 90 and 70 points in the natural forest (NF) and in the nearby poplar plantation (PP) respectively. The substitution of the natural forest with the poplar plantation strongly modified soil C stock down to a depth of 55 cm, although the management practices at PP were not intensive. After calculation of equivalent soil masses and of SOC stocks in individual texture classes, the comparison of C stocks showed an overall decrease in SOC of 5.7 kg m−2 or 40% in consequence of 37 years of poplar cultivation. Our case study provides further evidence that (i) spatial heterogeneity of SOC is an important feature in paired plot studies requiring a careful sampling strategy and high enough number of samples; (ii) land use changes through tillage are creating a more homogeneous spatial structure of soil properties and may require the application of dedicated spatial statistics to tackle eventual problems of pseudo-replicates and auto-correlation; (iii) short rotation forests are not properly represented in current reporting schemes for changes of SOC after land use change and may better be considered as cropland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document