Adaptation and acculturation: Resettling displaced tribal communities from wildlife sanctuaries in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-259
Author(s):  
Madhulika Sahoo ◽  
Jalandhar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Healthcare Trends

Tribal population across the world, especially in Asia and Africa, face violence and abuse in the name of conservation that carries a heavy human cost. A report on the eviction of populations from 34 protected areas in Africa made it evident that the Congo DRC, Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic of Congo had displaced whole villages leading to conflict and multiple human rights abuses. Recently in India, around 400 families from Amchang wildlife sanctuary in Assam and 78 families from Satkosia wildlife sanctuary in Odisha were forcefully evicted and their houses demolished. The population thus forcefully evicted from wildlife sanctuaries are subjected to disruption of the original settlement, cultural shift and scattered kinship groups. Studies have also highlighted the consequences of displacement on health since it leads to collapses in mutual help in childcare and deteriorates healthcare trends. The present study was conducted among the displaced tribal communities from wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha and Chhattisgarh States in India. The paper analyzes the acculturation process observed among the displaced tribals and the ways in which they adapted themselves into host communities.

Erosion of Access to Resource, Poverty and Public Action in the Tribal Belt of Central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Sarap
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Central India ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
State Action ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Traditional Pattern

The tribal communities, especially in the central belt of India, are characterised by declining access to land and other resources due to land alienation and increased diversion of forest and other common property resources (CPR) for development projects. As a result, a disproportionately high percentage of the tribal population has been displaced from its traditional pattern of livelihood without proper rehabilitation. Further, lack of human capital and bargaining power and feeble state action have led to the erosion of their livelihood base. Therefore, the need of the hour is to increase their bargaining power with different stakeholders through innovative educational strategies and other affirmative actions taken by government and civil society activists to determine their right to resources and restore their dignity and sense of identity.

scholarly journals To Ascertain the Level of Knowledge of Beneficiaries Regarding Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) Providing Farm Services Adilabad District of Telangana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
LAVUDYA ARUN KUMAR ◽  
Syed H. Mazhar ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Annual Income ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
Window System ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Telangana State

The present study would be carried out in the tribal dominant area of Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) Utnoor of Erstwhile Adilabad district in Telangana State. After reorganization of districts in Telangana State, ITDA, Utnoor spread over four districts namely Adilabad, Asifabad, Nirmal, and Mancherial. As per 2011 census in Telangana State total tribal population constitute 9.08%The population of Erstwhile Adilabad district is 27, 41,238 and among them 4, 95,794 people were tribes. There are 32 tribal communities in Telangana State where eight tribes dwelling in the Erstwhile Adilabad district, such as Gond-2,55,403, Lambada 1,43,554, Kolam/Mane- 52,772, Koya-26534, Pardhan-16,667, Andh-9922, Thoti-8998. Among them kolam and Thoti are Primitive Tribal Group (PTG)With the advent of ITDAs (Integrated Tribal Developmental Agencies), developmental efforts of various departments (Agriculture, Horticulture, Veterinary and Rural works departments) have been channelled through a single window system. Agriculture being the main thrust area, ITDAs is focusing on improving the productivity of the crops by provisioning inputs such as seeds of improved varieties, and chemicals to make the farmers economically better off. 120 respondents from utnoor mandal were randomly selected and data were collected and analysed by using appropriate statistical tool. (48.33%) of the respondents have Medium level of the knowledge about ITDA Farm services. Variables like age, caste, occupation, annual income, extension contacts and risk orientation has no significance relationship with the knowledge on ITDA Farm ,while variables like gender, land holding, education, mass media and extension contacts, innovativeness, risk orientation have positive correlation with the knowledge on ITDA Farm services.

scholarly journals Status of Tribal Women in Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
V. Karthihai Selvi ◽  
Muthupandi .
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Tribal Women ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
The Nilgiris

In Tamil Nadu, there are six tribal communities according to the Tamil Nadu forest department website, namely, Toda, Kota, Kurumbas, Irulur, Paniyan and Kattunayakan. They are identified as Primitive Tribal Communities. These six tribal groups are natives to the Nilgiris. The members of this community are short, have black skin, and have protruding foreheads. They are hunting and collecting forest produce for their means of living. They usually never mix with other tribal groups. They still follow black magic and sorcery. They speak mixture of Dravidian languages. Kattunayakans are experts in collecting honey. The Paniyas worked as agricultural labourers. The Paniyas have only a crude idea of religion. They worship deity ‘Kali’ and banyan tree. They speak Paniya language, which belongs to the Dravidian family. They used to marry more than one woman provided if they can afford them. Another tribes, Irulas are collecting minor forest products. Some of them are also involved in looking after the cattles of others. They speak Irula, which belongs to the Dravidian family. Irulas are involved in healing practices and they are specialists in traditional herbal medicines. Traditionally, Irulas involved in snake and rat catching. Education and economic empowerment of tribal women can be measured through the power they have over financial resources to earn income and their per capita income, access to education, access and availability of professional opportunities and participation in economic decision making and their access to political opportunities. In Tamil Nadu, nearly 50% of the tribal population are illiterate. Among the literate groups, women constitute more percentage compared to men. This shows the positive turn towards the efforts on tribal women education. But efforts must be taken to make the entire population literate. Hence, it is essential for the central and state governments to concentrate their efforts more towards the illiterate group of the tribal population for ensuring overall development of the economy.

Sustainable Livelihood For Scheduled Tribes: Perspectives On Minor Forest Produce In India

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Babu Singh ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Kr. Singh ◽  
Dr. Anil Kr. Sachan ◽  
Birender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
Different Levels

The tribal population in India is at different levels of socio-economic development. There are tribes which live in the forests and are exclusively dependent on forests for their livelihood by practicing hunting and food gathering. With their primitive technology, limited skills and traditional and ritual practices, their entire lifestyle revolves around the forests. On the other hand, there are a few tribal communities in the eastern part of the country, which have been totally assimilated in national mainstream. This paper intends to explore issues concerning Minor forest produce in Indian tribal areas along with role of civic bodies in this regard.

scholarly journals Ethnoveterinary plants used by Mising, Tai-Aiton and Santhal community residing nearby Nambor-Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary of Golaghat, Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Mondakini Soren ◽  
◽  
Ajit Kumar Das ◽  
Biman Kumar Dutta ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Medicinal Properties

An ethnoveterinary survey was carried out to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in treating domestic animals by three ethnic tribes viz. Mising, Tai-Aiton and Santhal. This paper en-lighten the various processes that are being applied by each community to cure their domestic pets. Interview of informants was conducted using a model questionnaire (Parabia and Reddy, 2002). Specimens were prepared by following standard methodology (Jain & Rao, 1977; and Bridson & Forman, 1998). Plants were poisoned in saturated solution of Mercuric chloride dissolved in absolute alcohol (25g in 1000ml Ethyl alcohol) and then mounted in standard herbarium sheets (41 x 28cm). The identification of plants was done by following a number of floristic literatures. A total of 17 plant species were collected and are cited with their Botanical name, Family, Local name, Tribes, Parts used, Diseases, & Mode of preparation and application. Plants with additional new report to ethnoveterinary by the respective tribes are also indicated. This shows a great potential for research as well as discovery of newer drugs. Phytochemical screening of the plants shall further help in denoting the medicinal properties which will validate the traditional knowledge of the tribal communities. The resourceful knowledge of indigenous plants may be lost forever if not properly documented.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Indigenous Traditional Animal Husbandry Practices among Four Major Animal Rearing Tribal Population of Wayanad District, Kerala

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
M. J. Abhiram ◽  
R. L. Rathish
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
The Village

Aim: The present study was taken up to gain insights on the husbandry practices of four major animal rearing tribal communities of Wayanad district namely, Adiyan, Kuruma, Urali and Kattunaykka, tribes. Study Design: Details regarding animals reared method and purpose of rearing, marketing and economy of animal rearing, materials and designs used for construction, of animal houses were collected by visiting the tribal colonies and conducting informal interviews with the village head and other elders in the community. The findings were documented analysed and discussed. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from to 7th January 2019 to 19th April 2019 in Sulthan Bathery Thaluk of Wayand district, Kerala. Methodology: The tribal settlements were visited and data collected by conducting informal interviews with the village head and other elders in the community. Structural designs and peculiarities were photodocumented for comparison between communities. The findings were documented, analysed and discussed.

scholarly journals Present Scenario of Bathudi culture and Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2558-2560
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajakumar Naik
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Art Music ◽  
The State ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Tribal Communities

Abstract: Odisha has one of the largest concentrations of tribal population in the whole country. In concrete figure they number around 8 million. Tribal communities differ from all others in many aspects, their distinctive features being clan organization and territorial exogamy, class’s social structure, youth dormitory, colourful rituals and folk art, music and dance. The 62 tribes in Odisha wary in their size, degree of acculturation and economic patterns. While the Kondhs numbering around nine lakh are numerically the largest in the state. the Santals are among the three largest and advanced tribes in the country. The major tribes living in Odisha are the Bathudi, Santhals, Oraons, Gonds and Kondhs. Although many of the Adivasi tribes are found in other parts of the country, the Juangs, Bhuyans, Saoras, Bondas and Bathudis are exclusive to Odisha. The tribal Communities are in various stages of economic and social development starting with the least developed Bondas and ending with the comparatively advanced Santals, the spectrum covering seminomadic to semiurban conditions. Keyword: exogamy, acculturation, Juangs, Bhuyans, Saoras, Bondas and Bathudis

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