Migration, trade, and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Past Half

Migration was the major relationship between Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western Europe for most of the past half century. Changes in both migrant-sending and –receiving countries aimed to substitute trade for migration. Mexico and Turkey have had roller-coaster economic growth trajectories, sometimes growing faster than other OECD countries and sometimes shrinking faster. There have been significant changes in Mexico and Turkey but, until more formal-sector jobs are created, especially young people leaving agriculture or joining the labour market may be candidates for migration.

Göç, Ticaret ve Kalkınma: Meksika-ABD ve Türkiye-Avrupa Karşılaştırması Migration, trade, and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Past Half

Migration was the major relationship between Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western Europe for most of the past half century. Changes in both migrant-sending and –receiving countries aimed to substitute trade for migration. Mexico and Turkey have had roller-coaster economic growth trajectories, sometimes growing faster than other OECD countries and sometimes shrinking faster. There have been significant changes in Mexico and Turkey but, until more formal-sector jobs are created, especially young people leaving agriculture or joining the labour market may be candidates for migration.[IN TURKISH]Geçen yarım yüzyılda, göç Meksika- ABD, Türkiye ve Batı Avrupa arasındaki temel ilişki olagelmiştir. Göç-alan ve –veren ülkelerdeki değişimler göç yerine ticareti geçirme eğilimi taşımıştır. Meksika ve Türkiye inişli çıkışlı ekonomik büyüme görünümü sergilemişler, bazen diğer OECD ülkelerinden bile hızlı büyümüş, bazen ise daha hızlı küçülmüşlerdir. Meksika ve Türkiye’de çok temel değişimler yaşanmaktadır ve ancak daha fazla güvenli istihdam yaratılmadıkça tarımdan kopan genç işgücü ya da işgücüne yeni katılanlar göçün yeni adayları olacaktır. 

A Tale of Two Collapses: The Twin Declines of the Christian Faith and the Traditional Family

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
James Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
Past Half

One of the most extraordinary stories in the long history of religion is now unfolding in our own time and before our own eyes: the precipitous decline of the Christian faith in its ancient heartland, the West, over the past half-century. This decline is most obvious in Europe, where it has reached the point of being an actual collapse, but in the past decade there has been considerable evidence that a sharp decline has begun in the United States as well. There has also been that other, and parallel, extraordinary story of the revival of the Islamic faith in the Middle East over the past three or four decades. And of course, these two momentous trajectories coexist and conflict with each other—side by side, empty churches and filled mosques—in much of Western Europe itself.

scholarly journals Prospects for Children’s Height in Japan and South Korea: Perspective from Food Consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Mori*
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Past Half

In the past half century, children in Japan and South Korea grew rapidly in height by 2 cm per decade. Children in Japan ceased to grow any taller in the mid-1990s, whereas Korean peers kept growing and overtook the Japanese 3 cm in the mid-2000s and then stopped. In the 1990s, when Koreans caught-up the Japanese in height, per capita caloric supply from animal products in Korea was 150 kcal/day less than in Japan. When Korean children stopped growing in height in the mid-2000s, per capita supply of animal products was still rising. Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head were decomposed to demonstrate that children and younger people in Korea started to turn away from vegetables in the early-1990s, and by the end-2010s they ate less than 10% of the vegetables eaten by those aged 50. Similarly, two decades before Japanese height stopped increasing in the early 1990s, the young people started to turn away from fresh fruit. Vegetables/fruit may be essential nutrients to support animal protein intake in human metabolism. Judging from the fact that 1st graders in primary school in Korea declined in mean height by 1.5 cm from 2008 to 2017 and that boys’ height increment from 12 to 17 years of age fell drastically from 18.9 cm in 2005 to 15.5 cm in 2015, it looks as though young people in South Korea will decline in mean height by 1-2 cm in the foreseeable future.

In Government We Distrust: Citizen Skepticism and Democracy in the United States

The Forum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gershtenson ◽  
Dennis L. Plane
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Past Half ◽  
American Thought

AbstractVirtually all accounts of political trust in the US regard declining trust over the past half-century to be troubling. We argue that these interpretations are in need of reassessment since they often are rooted in the normatively questionable assumption that higher trust is always desirable. We review traditions in democratic theory and American thought extolling the virtues of skepticism and distrust of government and discuss potential problems in common trust measures and conclusions based on them. Using data from the 2014 General Social Survey, we explore relationships between trust, commitment to being vigilant watchdogs of government, and attitudes and behaviors generally considered desirable for a healthy democracy. Our findings indicate that higher trust is not always accompanied by characteristics of good democratic citizens. In fact, it is those individuals who exhibit lower levels of trust with high levels of vigilance who are most politically engaged. Thus, healthy skepticism of government may contribute to the vitality of democracy.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

Pakistan’s Development: Successes, Failures, and Future Tasks (Presidential Remarks)

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4I) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Freedom Movement ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Do So

It is an honour for me as President of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists to welcome you to the 13th Annual General Meeting and Conference of the Society. I consider it a great privilege to do so as this Meeting coincides with the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the state of Pakistan, a state which emerged on the map of the postwar world as a result of the Muslim freedom movement in the Indian Subcontinent. Fifty years to the date, we have been jubilant about it, and both as citizens of Pakistan and professionals in the social sciences we have also been thoughtful about it. We are trying to see what development has meant in Pakistan in the past half century. As there are so many dimensions that the subject has now come to have since its rather simplistic beginnings, we thought the Golden Jubilee of Pakistan to be an appropriate occasion for such stock-taking.

A Scientific Search for Altruism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Altruistic Motivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Past Half

This book provides an example of how the scientific method can be used to address a fundamental question about human nature. For centuries—indeed for millennia—the egoism–altruism debate has echoed through Western thought. Egoism says that the motivation for everything we do, including all of our seemingly selfless acts of care for others, is to gain one or another self-benefit. Altruism, while not denying the force of self-benefit, says that under certain circumstances we can care for others for their sakes, not our own. Over the past half-century, social psychologists have turned to laboratory experiments to provide a scientific resolution of this human nature debate. The experiments focused on the possibility that empathic concern—other-oriented emotion elicited by and congruent with the perceived welfare of someone in need—produces altruistic motivation to remove that need. With carefully constructed experimental designs, these psychologists have tested the nature of the motivation produced by empathic concern, determining whether it is egoistic or altruistic. This series of experiments has provided an answer to a fundamental question about what makes us tick. Framed as a detective story, the book traces this scientific search for altruism through the numerous twists and turns that led to the conclusion that empathy-induced altruism is indeed part of our nature. It then examines the implications of this conclusion—negative implications as well as positive—both for our understanding of who we are as humans and for how we might create a more humane society.

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