scholarly journals Prospects for Children’s Height in Japan and South Korea: Perspective from Food Consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Mori*
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Past Half

In the past half century, children in Japan and South Korea grew rapidly in height by 2 cm per decade. Children in Japan ceased to grow any taller in the mid-1990s, whereas Korean peers kept growing and overtook the Japanese 3 cm in the mid-2000s and then stopped. In the 1990s, when Koreans caught-up the Japanese in height, per capita caloric supply from animal products in Korea was 150 kcal/day less than in Japan. When Korean children stopped growing in height in the mid-2000s, per capita supply of animal products was still rising. Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head were decomposed to demonstrate that children and younger people in Korea started to turn away from vegetables in the early-1990s, and by the end-2010s they ate less than 10% of the vegetables eaten by those aged 50. Similarly, two decades before Japanese height stopped increasing in the early 1990s, the young people started to turn away from fresh fruit. Vegetables/fruit may be essential nutrients to support animal protein intake in human metabolism. Judging from the fact that 1st graders in primary school in Korea declined in mean height by 1.5 cm from 2008 to 2017 and that boys’ height increment from 12 to 17 years of age fell drastically from 18.9 cm in 2005 to 15.5 cm in 2015, it looks as though young people in South Korea will decline in mean height by 1-2 cm in the foreseeable future.

Migration, trade, and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Past Half

Migration was the major relationship between Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western Europe for most of the past half century. Changes in both migrant-sending and –receiving countries aimed to substitute trade for migration. Mexico and Turkey have had roller-coaster economic growth trajectories, sometimes growing faster than other OECD countries and sometimes shrinking faster. There have been significant changes in Mexico and Turkey but, until more formal-sector jobs are created, especially young people leaving agriculture or joining the labour market may be candidates for migration.

scholarly journals Secular Changes in Mean Height of Children in Japan and South Korea-Suspension in Height Increases and BMI

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Mori
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Progress

Japan and South Korea achieved marvelous economic progress after WWII. Food consumption increased in quantity and quality, with animal-sourced products conspicuously augmented. Children grew in height unprecedentedly. Japanese children, however, ceased to grow taller in the 1990s, while supply of animal protein was still increasing. Korean children kept growing taller to overtake their Japanese peers by 3 cm in the mid-2000s, but they also stopped to grow any taller afterwards, while animal products kept increasing vigorously toward the end of the 2010s. Children in Japan started to turn away from fruit in the mid-1970s, to eat in the 2000s less than 10% of fruit by the older generations. Children in Korea started to steer away from vegetables in the early 1990s, to eat less than 10% of vegetables eaten by the older generations in their 50s-60s in the mid-2010s. Consuming sufficient animal-sourced products with very little vegetables/fruit, children, particularly in South Korea have been increasing in BMS in the past two decades, with a sign of declining height. Keywords: Animal Protein; BMS; Japan; Teens; South Korea; Vegetables/Fruit

scholarly journals Nation Building and Economic Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellyn Creasey ◽  
Ahmed S Rahman ◽  
Katherine A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Regression Framework ◽  
Economic Aid ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Past Half

Over the past half-century there have been over three hundred instances of nation building initiatives, episodes where countries jointly give military and economic aid to a country embroiled in conflict. Despite the prevalence and expense of this foreign policy, little research has explored the potential growth effects from these operations. This project uses a standard growth regression framework to quantify the effects of nation building on GDP per capita growth of the recipient nation. The research considers how the characteristics of conflict zones and the interaction of diverse types of both military and economic aid impact the development process.

scholarly journals What Is Ageism? Do Our Measures Tell Us?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 646-646
Author(s):  
Jerin Lee ◽  
Jenna Wilson ◽  
Alexandria Ebert ◽  
Natalie Shook
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half

Abstract Ageism has been operationalized in a number of ways over the past half century, and several measures of ageism have been developed to reflect these conceptualizations. This presentation evaluates the extent to which existing ageism measures capture similar or different aspects of ageism. We examined the construct validity of several ageism measures in a sample of 473 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.5 years). Participants completed an online survey of ageism measures, as well as measures of convergent (e.g., aging semantic differentials, attitudes toward various age groups) and discriminant validity (e.g., social dominance orientation, attitudes toward other social groups, sexism). Ageism measures were generally positively associated with one another, though correlations were mostly weak to moderate in magnitude. There was also weak evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. These findings demonstrate conceptual problems with current ageism measures as they do not appear to reflect a common construct.

Göç, Ticaret ve Kalkınma: Meksika-ABD ve Türkiye-Avrupa Karşılaştırması Migration, trade, and development: Comparing Mexico-US and Turkey-Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Past Half

Migration was the major relationship between Mexico and the US and Turkey and Western Europe for most of the past half century. Changes in both migrant-sending and –receiving countries aimed to substitute trade for migration. Mexico and Turkey have had roller-coaster economic growth trajectories, sometimes growing faster than other OECD countries and sometimes shrinking faster. There have been significant changes in Mexico and Turkey but, until more formal-sector jobs are created, especially young people leaving agriculture or joining the labour market may be candidates for migration.[IN TURKISH]Geçen yarım yüzyılda, göç Meksika- ABD, Türkiye ve Batı Avrupa arasındaki temel ilişki olagelmiştir. Göç-alan ve –veren ülkelerdeki değişimler göç yerine ticareti geçirme eğilimi taşımıştır. Meksika ve Türkiye inişli çıkışlı ekonomik büyüme görünümü sergilemişler, bazen diğer OECD ülkelerinden bile hızlı büyümüş, bazen ise daha hızlı küçülmüşlerdir. Meksika ve Türkiye’de çok temel değişimler yaşanmaktadır ve ancak daha fazla güvenli istihdam yaratılmadıkça tarımdan kopan genç işgücü ya da işgücüne yeni katılanlar göçün yeni adayları olacaktır. 

The United States, Taiwan and China: Any Lessons for South Korea?

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
World Peace ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Triangular Relationships ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Past Half

Many changes in the world have occurred during the latter years of the 20th century: the end of empires, the decolonization, the end of the Cold War, the process of democratization, the revolution in science and technology, the explosion and aging of the World's population. But in terms of security, China (Taiwan and the Mainland) and Korea (South and North) have remained relatively unchanged over the past half century and continue to pose major threats to regional and World peace and stability and remain paramount challenges to ongoing U.S. policy. This paper shows that There are some strikingly obvious similarities and dissimilarity between the Taiwan and South Korea situations and three lessons which South Korea may draw from a comparison of the two triangular relationships. In this respect, this paper contends that the seeds of these global changes are already beginning to take root in China and North Korea, and that eventually they will give increasing promise of reconciliation and peaceful reunification in East Asia.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

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