Transepidermal Water Loss after Water Immersion

Objective: To observe changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at different times after water immersion.Materials and Methods: TEWL values were measured before water immersion and at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after immersion of the skin in water for 5 minutes.Results: Forty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled with an average age of 30.4±5.5 years. Twenty-five subjects were female and sixteen were male. The TEWL value before water immersion (TEWLbaseline) was 13.16±7.27 g/m2/h and TEWL values at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after immersion were 23.21±7.67, 16.12±3.42, 14.76±6.36, 14.45±6.67, 13.53±4.67 and 12.96±5.18 g/m2/h, respectively. After immersion, TEWL values at 3 and 5 minutes statistically increased compared to TEWLbaseline (p<0.001). TEWL values between 10 to 30 minutes gradually dropped with no statistically significant difference compared to the previous period and TEWLbaseline. Although total water loss from the skin occurred within 30 minutes, 56.9% of it occurred within 10 minutes after immersion. There was no significant difference between TEWLbaseline in males and females but the TEWL values at 3, 5 and 15 minutes after immersion in males was higher than in females (p<0.05). Conclusion: TEWL statistically increased after water immersion for only 5 minutes. The cumulative percentage of TEWL was high within 10 minutes. Gender did not affect TEWL values before immersion; however, males experienced more water loss from the skin than females after immersion. Therefore, moisturizer should be applied immediately before TEWL occurs.

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Effects of Topical N-Acetylcysteine on Skin Hydration/Transepidermal Water Loss in Healthy Volunteers and Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Annals of Dermatology ◽

10.5021/ad.2015.27.4.450 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 450 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kozo Nakai ◽

Kozo Yoneda ◽

Yumi Murakami ◽

Ayako Koura ◽

Reiko Maeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Water Loss ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Skin Hydration

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Skin barrier function in healthy volunteers as assessed by transepidermal water loss and vascular response to hexyl nicotinate: intra- and inter-individual variability

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb15141.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 130-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

E. OESTMANN ◽

A.P.M. LAVRIJSEN ◽

J. HERMANS ◽

M. PONEC

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Water Loss ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Vascular Response

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New Bleeding Time Devices with Retractable Blades Evaluated in Children, Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Prolonged Bleeding Time

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649634 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 70 (04) ◽

pp. 595-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Stefan Lethagen ◽

stefan Kling

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Age Groups ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Prolonged Bleeding ◽

Prolonged Bleeding Time ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Time Test ◽

Males And Females

SummaryThe Simplate II-R and the Simplate Paediatric, are two new Simplate bleeding time devices with retractable blades. In this study we compared the Simplate II-R with the Simplate II bleeding time and found a good correlation when performed by the same technician both in 30 healthy volunteers and in 7 patients with prolonged bleeding time. The same normal ranges may be applied for the Simplate II-R as for the Simplate II bleeding time. The Simplate II-R bleeding time was highly reproducible in healthy volunteers when performed by the same technician. We found no correlation between age and bleeding time, and no significant difference in bleeding time between males and females.We performed the Simplate Paediatric bleeding time test and calculated the normal ranges in 84 healthy children in 4 age groups: 3 days, 3 months, 1 year and 3–6 years of age. The Simplate Paediatric bleeding times were shorter in the children than the Simplate II-R bleeding times in the adults. We found no significant correlation between bleeding time and the inverse platelet count, and no significant difference in bleeding time between boys and girls. The retractable blades in the Simplate II-R and the Simplate Paediatric reduce the risk of accidental cuts. Both devices yield reproducible bleeding time measurements and can be used instead of older Simplate variants.

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Expired air volumes of maies and females during cold water immersion

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y81-125 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 843-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. J. Malkinson ◽

S. Martin ◽

P. Simper ◽

K. E. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Pulmonary Ventilation ◽

Cold Water Immersion ◽

Warm Water ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Skin Temperatures ◽

Expired Air

Expired air volumes were measured from a random population of adult male and female human volunteers before and during short-term immersion in either cold (13.53 ± 0.13 °C) or warm (33.18 ± 0.11 °C) water. A statistically significant difference was found in the pulmonary ventilation over the first 4 min of immersion between males and females when immersed in cold water. The swim suits worn could not account for the differences observed. No statistically significant difference in pulmonary ventilation was found between males and females during warm water immersion. A numerically smaller group of volunteers was preheated in a sauna before immersion in cold or warm water and this resulted in an attenuated ventilatory response. In this instance there is no statistically significant difference in ventilation between males and females. Also, in another small group of volunteers, surface and deep skin temperatures were continuously measured before and during immersion in cold water. The rates of change of deep skin temperature between males and females were found to be similar.

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The examination of biophysical parameters of skin (transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and pH value) in different body regions of ponies

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-012-0081-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 553-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.P. Szczepanik ◽

P.M. Wilkołek ◽

M. Pluta ◽

Ł.R. Adamek ◽

Z.J.H. Pomorski

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Ph Value ◽

Neck Region ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Skin Hydration ◽

Lumbar Region ◽

Biophysical Parameters ◽

Body Regions ◽

Skin Ph

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and skin pH in normal ponies. Sixteen ponies of both sexes were examined in the study. Measurements were taken from seven different sites: the neck region, the shoulder, thorax, lumbar, inguinal, lip region and the auricle. In each of the regions transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and skin pH were measured. For transepidermal water loss, the lowest values were observed in the lumbar region (9.71g/hm2), while the highest values were observed in the lip region (22.35 g/hm2). In the case of skin hydration the lowest values were observed for the thorax region (2.13 CU), and the highest for the lip region (41.81 CU). For skin pH, the lowest results were obtained in the lumbar region (6.93), and the highest in the lip region (7.96).

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Influence of Aqueous Cream BP on corneocyte size, maturity, skin protease activity, protein content and transepidermal water loss.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.12354956.13544054 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Joyce Lee ◽

Lucinda Tan

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Water Loss ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss

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MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF Ascaridia spp. IN DOMESTIC PIGEONS(Columba livia domestica) IN BAGHDAD CITY,IRAQ

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 1220-1225

Author(s):

Faraj & Al- Amery

Keyword(s):

Molecular Diagnosis ◽

Columba Livia ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Molecular Assay ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Conventional Pcr ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Males And Females ◽

Domestic Pigeons

Ascaridiosis is a very important parasitic disease of birds, it is caused by Ascaridia. This study was conducted to identify the Ascaridia species by microscopic and molecular assay in Baghdad city. One hundred and sixty fecal samples were collected from domestic pigeons during the period from 1/1/ 2019 to 31/3/ 2019. Results showed that the rate of infection for Ascaridia spp. 15.62% by microscopic examination. Significant difference was observed in infection rates between males and females pigeons. Fifty samples randomly selected and subjected to molecular diagnosis of Ascaridia spp.. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate showed 16%(8/50). The eight positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in Gene bank data base, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 4 sequences belongs to Ascaridia galli ( MK918635.1, MK918636.1, MK918847.1, MK919081.1), while 2 (MK919199.1, MK919200.1) belong to Ascaridia nymphii and 2 (MK919207.1, MK919264.1) belong to Ascaridia numidae. It is the first study in Iraq to diagnosis of Ascaridia nymphii and Ascaridia numidae in domesticed pigeons by using conventional PCR.

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