scholarly journals BLENDING OF OLD AND NEW APPROACHES IN GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Eduard Hofmann ◽  
Hana Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Geographical Education ◽  
City Environment ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Natural Science Education ◽  
The City

Field work often takes place in the countryside and the city environment is neglected, although we usually move there more often. Natural science education should, however, include not only the evaluation of the rural landscape, but also the city, because we can find there an explanation for a number of physical-geographical but also socioeconomic phenomena and their spatio-temporal evolution. Therefore, the authors focused on the goal to use urban landscape as a "geography textbook". Urban landscape serves in this case as a didactic image. A study about significant viewpoints in Brno and its surroundings served as a basis for the experiment in which pupils and students had to sketch a view from these viewpoints and authors evaluated how they are able to perceive the urban landscape, locate the significant elements in an urban structure, identify their functions and relations among them. This concept can be understood as a use of nonverbal elements in teaching. The results of this experiment and namely the comparison of sketches produced by pupils and university students are described in the paper which also describes the blending of old and new approaches in geographical education. Key words: didactic image, geographical education, panoramic sketch, urban landscape.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing-Based Analysis of Urban Landscape Change in the City of Bucharest, Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323
Author(s):  
Constantin Nistor ◽  
Marina Vîrghileanu ◽  
Irina Cârlan ◽  
Bogdan-Andrei Mihai ◽  
Liviu Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
The City

The paper investigates the urban landscape changes for the last 50 years in Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. Bucharest shows a complex structural transformation driven by the socialist urban policy, followed by an intensive real-estate market development. Our analysis is based on a diachronic set of high-resolution satellite imagery: declassified CORONA KH-4B from 1968, SPOT-1 from 1989, and multisensor stacked layers from Sentinel-1 SAR together with Sentinel-2MSI from 2018. Three different datasets of land cover/use are extracted for the reference years. Each dataset reveals its own urban structure pattern. The first one illustrates a radiography of the city in the second part of the 20th century, where rural patterns meet the modern ones, while the second one reveals the frame of a city in a full process of transformation with multiple constructions sites, based on the socialist model. The third one presents an image of a cosmopolitan city during an expansion process, with a high degree of landscape heterogeneity. All the datasets are included in a built-up change analysis in order to map and assess the spatial transformations of the city pattern over 5 decades. In order to quantify and map the changes, the Built-up Change Index (BCI) is introduced. The results highlight a particular situation linked to the policy development visions for each decade, with major changes of about 50% for different built-up classes. The GIS analysis illustrates two major landscape transformations: from the old semirural structures with houses surrounded by gardens from 1968, to a compact pattern with large districts of blocks of flats in 1989, and a contemporary city defined by an uncontrolled urban sprawl process in 2018.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of urban planning in the Iraqi cities Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Мохаммед Хасан Аль Савафи
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

This article follows the stages of urban planning in the Iraqi cities Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf. These large cities have emerged as populated localities in different historical periods. This has played a certain role in formation of the urban landscape. The author determines the stages of urban development of these cities. Depending on the period of establishment of the populated locality, the author distinguished from six (Najaf) to three (Al-Kūt and Amarah) stages of formation of the functional planning structure. The historical periods of Iraq impacted the formation of urban planning periodization and models of the ongoing urban processes. The article reviews the models of urban processes proposed by Western scholars, and their influence upon the formation of new characteristics of Iraqi urbanism in the modern landscape of the listed cities. The Iraqi cities have certain similarity in functional planning structure; however, each city has own peculiarities that define its uniqueness. The uniqueness of cities is determined by a number of characteristics: the hierarchy of urban structure, architectural image of the city, social harmony through the organization of residential environment, transport and pedestrian accessibility, recreation and tourism sites, human resources, and level of environmental pollution. As a result  of studying Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf, it is revealed that Najaf plays a special religious role among Shiite Muslims; it also features archaeological sites attractive for tourists, such as the ancient mosques and churches. Al-Kūt and Amarah also have a rich history, although they have emerged in a later period. Urbanization of Iraq is particularly specific with regards to residential developments in the new urban districts. It manifests in the construction of residential areas by the type of professional activity (for example, a district for teachers, workers, police, etc.)

scholarly journals THE VERNACULAR HERITAGE OF GJIROKASTRA (ALBANIA): ANALYSIS OF URBAN AND CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES, THREATS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L. Dipasquale ◽  
M. Carta ◽  
S. Galassi ◽  
A. Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The City

Abstract. The old town of Gjirokastra (Albania), was included in the World Heritage List in 2005 thanks to the valuable presence of several remarkable examples of Ottoman-styled houses and in the integrity of the vernacular urban landscape. The urban structure is strongly influenced by the orography of the Drino valley and its slopes where the city was founded. Stone is the building material that characterizes the paving of the streets, the walls of the buildings and the roof coverings. The wood, mostly local, was used to build the frame structure of the upper floors and the roofs, in order to provide large windows and bright interior spaces. In December 2018, as part of the activities of the 3D Past project, founded by Eu Creative Europe Programme, Italian and Albanian students took part in a workshop in Gjirokastra. Such an initiative was designed to understand the tangible and intangible components of the vernacular heritage of Gjrokastra. In a multidisciplinary approach, students, professors, researchers and local experts analysed the morphological features of the historic center, the public spaces, and the traditional building systems. Traditional instruments such as the direct survey, the on-site observation and the interviews were adopted in combination with more innovative tools such as the laser scanner and the photogrammetry. This contribution not only illustrates the results of a multi-scale analysis, but it also highlights the transformations and threats that endanger the transmission of the unique characteristics of the city to the future generations. Moreover, it deals with the conservation strategies currently in use and some possible future measures that can contribute to the sustainable safeguard and development of the site.

scholarly journals Urban Landscape Structure of a Fast-Growing African City: The Case of Niamey (Niger)

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Rossi ◽  
Gauthier Dobigny
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
African City ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Niger River ◽  
The City

Combining multivariable statistics and geostatistics with landscape metrics, we attempted to quantify the spatial pattern of urbanization in the city of Niamey, Niger. Landscape metrics provided local quantification of both landscape composition and physiognomy while the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yielded a multivariable summary of the main source of landscape metrics variation across the city. We used the variogram (geostatistics) to analyze the spatial pattern of the PCA outcomes and to characterize the associated spatial scales of variation. In Niamey, the main urban structure corresponded to a gradient ranging from highly diversified, fragmented, and both wooded and built-up areas in the city center and along the Niger River, to less green zones gathering steel-roofed houses whose density diminished towards the periphery. This concentric structure centered on the Niger River clearly reflected the history of Niamey. PCA and geostatistics provided appealing quantitative estimates of spatial patterns, scales, anisotropy and intensity of urban structures. Although these different tools are known in landscape ecology, they are rarely used together. The present paper illustrates how they allow characterizing the marked spatial variation of the urban landscape of the fast-growing African city of Niamey (Niger). Such a quantification of the urban landscapes may be extremely useful for future correlative investigations in various fields of research and planning.

scholarly journals Development of improvement of the natural potential of the city

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
B. Zh. Espenbetov ◽  
◽  
A.R. Toleukanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
The City ◽  
Intensive Search

The topic of the article is one of the most important aspects of the landscape of the urban environment. The long-term accumulation of contradictions in natural and artificial urban landscape interaction led to an intensive search for methods of resolving numerous conflicts in the «human-nature» relationship. The dynamic transformation of the city environment under the influence of a variety of factors was accompanied by a change of approaches ensuring the correction of emerging contradictions.

scholarly journals The urban form in the city of Tulcán, Carchi - Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda María Tapia ◽  
Adolfo Vigil-de-Insausti ◽  
María Dolores Montaño
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
North West ◽  
The City

Yolanda Tapia¹, Adolfo Vigil de Insausti¹, María Dolores Montaño ² ¹ Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, ²Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, PUCE. Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, Ecuador E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Tulcán, Ecuador, urban, landscape, history Conference topics and scale: The Urban Form, “City and territory in the globalization age”   Tulcán, located north in Ecuador is the capital of the province of Carchi. It is a city especially commercial and agricultural whose urban morphology responds to historical, environmental and administrative circumstances, that is how, since 1851, the date on which the “cantonization” takes place begins the formation of the capital city with an urban structure formed in checkerboard that welcomes the traditional nucleus of the typical city of the ecuatorian highlands. With the development of this city, isolated neighborhoods are born out of the original urban fabric that expand in the territory, following the main road connections, eventually to fill the internal space with a morphology of contrasts, as each neighborhood or new occupations are structured individually without thinking of a city of integral formation. The longitudinal growth of the city was marked from its beginning by the river Bobo to the north-west and the river Tajamar to the south-east that keep the city within natural limits, which also provide certain environmental and landscape benefits, however in the the last few decades the city has had a significant growth that threatens an unattended and constantly expanding periphery to these environmental resources. We are facing a heterogeneous city, with problems and possibilities and attending to the idea that the city is an unfinished work, integral and sustainable urban regeneration is the basis for a reordering and a new urban approach. It is therefore proposed to study three strategic lines: the existing city, its internal circuits of connection and the adjacent nature. Establishing initial uses in the city, to occupy the predominant urban void and thus to activate the pubic space. Restructure mobility, which will strengthen the use of new peripheral road infrastructures to reduce motorized circuits in the interior, thus promoting the use of bicycles and the creation of pedestrian routes. Finally, environmental resources will again have the value of landscape and ecological wealth producing around the city a green infrastructure that contains growth and is the link of this with the countryside. References Beery, B. (1975) ‘Consecuencias humanas de la urbanización’, Madrid: Pirámide Hernández, A. (2001) ‘La ciudad estructurada’, en Boletín CF+S 15 Calidad de vida urbana: variedad, cohesión y medio ambiente. (http://habitat.aq.upm.es/boletin/n15/aaher.html) Huertas Nadal, D. (2012) ‘I making Heterotopías, laboratorio de estrategias urbanas’, Vitoria: Universidad Francisco Vitoria Lopez de Lucio, R. (2007) ‘Construir ciudad en la periferia’, Madrid: ETS Arquitectura (UPM) Urbanística y ordenación del territorio Solá-Morales, M. (1997) ‘Las formas del crecimiento urbano’, Barcelona:Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya

scholarly journals Urban Connectivity: Elements for an Identification of Bir El Bey’s Preferential Landscapes

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Asma Rejeb Bouzgarrou ◽  
Yasmine Attia Ben Cherifa ◽  
Christophe Claramunt ◽  
Hichem Rejeb
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Configurational Analysis ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The City

An urban landscape can be considered as a background environment that influences humans’ movements at various scales in the city. This research is oriented to the study of the interactions between urban forest patches and their degree of influence and attractions on humans’ behaviors and interactions. The objective is to evaluate the relations between individuals’ movements and the city space nearby natural landscapes, and also to question spatial practices in the city. Forest patches are modelled according to a structural approach at the city level, while Space syntax principles have been applied and compared to in situ movements as experimentally observed. A statistical analysis complements the configurational analysis by highlighting correlations between structural properties and human movements. The whole approach is applied to the Bir El Bey Forest of the Tunisian city of Hammam Chatt in order to explore the interaction between the built and natural landscapes at different levels of scale. The findings exhibit the respective effects of the urban network and natural landscape on the urban space, and how such spaces are appropriated by Hammam Chatt inhabitants and users. Finally, the results propose a generic framework analysis for the study of the relations between humans and urban structure and landscape preferences and that offers novel perspectives for urban planning.

scholarly journals From Ashur to Nineveh: The Assyrian town-planning programme

Iraq ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Novák
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
The City

During the last century of Assyria's existence the urban landscape was characterised by a bipolar structure. The old capital Ashur was still the religious, ceremonial and cultural centre, while Nineveh was the seat of royal power (Maul 1997). Both cities were not only the oldest urban entities of the Assyrian heartland, flourishing at least from the third or even fourth millennium BC onwards; they both also represented two different regions within Assyria with very specific geomorphologic environments and distinctive socio-ecological conditions. While the Ashur region is situated at the southernmost edge of the dry farming belt, the Nineveh area is one of the most fertile regions in northern Mesopotamia (Fig. 1).The political fates of the two cities were unconnected for a long time. Ashur became an important trading centre and an independent kingdom at the beginning of the second millennium, whereas for a long time Nineveh stood in the shadow of more powerful neighbours. But in the seventh century it was Nineveh that became the capital of Assyria and the outstanding urban structure of the whole Near East. The refounding and enlargement of the city by Sennacherib was by far the most ambitious town-building programme ever realised in Assyria. Furthermore, it marked the end of a long process of moving the political centre of the country from the Ashur region northwards to the Nineveh region, which coincided with the rise of Assyria from a small kingdom to a world empire. During this development there were several (other) temporary capitals, all of them new foundations like Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta, Kalhu and Dūr-Šarrukēn.

scholarly journals Municipal gardens as the synergic element of the structure of selected towns of Lublin region

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 031-045
Author(s):  
Kamila Boguszewska
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The City

Planning of municipal gardens as the integral part of urban landscape in the Lublin region was typified by the activity of the outstanding garden planners: engineer Feliks Bieczyński and Walerian Kronenberg. This movement to create public, municipal green areas commenced in 19th century and continued with success during the inter-war period. This process took place in the big cities of Lublin, Zamość or Lubartów. Newly established public gardens were usually located on the outskirts of the city as for example, Park Saski (1837), Ogród Bronowicki (the Bronowicki Garden) - formerly called the Foksal Park in Lublin, or Park Miejski im. Jana Kanclerza Zamoyskiego (the Zamoyski Municipal Park - 1926) located in the former fortification area in Zamość. The situation in smaller cities such as Lubartów, Radzyń Podlaski (1755, planner: Jakub Fontana) and Kock (planner: Szymon Bogumił Zug) was slightly different. The former garden complex adjacent to the magnate residence served a key role in the urban structure of the settlement (thus, determining its development) was later adapted to the function of a municipal park. The article describes three selected garden complexes. The spatial relations of the parks in the context of their urban structure are analysed. The article takes into account their contemporary use and the state of preservation of their historic elements as presented in the original composition as presented in historic images and maps.Planning of municipal gardens as the integral part of urban landscape in the Lublin region was typified by the activity of the outstanding garden planners: engineer Feliks Bieczyński and Walerian Kronenberg. This movement to create public, municipal green areas commenced in 19th century and continued with success during the inter-war period. This process took place in the big cities of Lublin, Zamość or Lubartów. Newly established public gardens were usually located on the outskirts of the city as for example, Park Saski (1837), Ogród Bronowicki (the Bronowicki Garden) - formerly called the Foksal Park in Lublin, or Park Miejski im. Jana Kanclerza Zamoyskiego (the Zamoyski Municipal Park - 1926) located in the former fortification area in Zamość. The situation in smaller cities such as Lubartów, Radzyń Podlaski (1755, planner: Jakub Fontana) and Kock (planner: Szymon Bogumił Zug) was slightly different. The former garden complex adjacent to the magnate residence served a key role in the urban structure of the settlement (thus, determining its development) was later adapted to the function of a municipal park. The article describes three selected garden complexes. The spatial relations of the parks in the context of their urban structure are analysed. The article takes into account their contemporary use and the state of preservation of their historic elements as presented in the original composition as presented in historic images and maps.

Emplacing Berlin: Digital Itineraries and Short-term Study Abroad in the City

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Apgar
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Abroad Programs ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
The City

As destination of choice for many short-term study abroad programs, Berlin offers students of German language, culture and history a number of sites richly layered with significance. The complexities of these sites and the competing narratives that surround them are difficult for students to grasp in a condensed period of time. Using approaches from the spatial humanities, this article offers a case study for enhancing student learning through the creation of digital maps and itineraries in a campus-based course for subsequent use during a three-week program in Berlin. In particular, the concept of deep mapping is discussed as a means of augmenting understanding of the city and its history from a narrative across time to a narrative across the physical space of the city. As itineraries, these course-based projects were replicated on site. In moving from the digital environment to the urban landscape, this article concludes by noting meanings uncovered and narratives formed as we moved through the physical space of the city.

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