scholarly journals Conducting a comprehensive mycological study to prevent the occurrence of aspergillosis in chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
N. Tyshkivska ◽  
V. Lyasota ◽  
A. Tyshkivska ◽  
M. Tyshkivsky ◽  
I. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Diseases of poultry aspergillosis are recorded in many poultry farms, the causes of the disease are the violation of the sanitary and hygienic conditions of hatcheries and poultry houses (unfavorable microclimate, affected feed and litter by microscopic fungi). To prevent the development of infection, it is necessary to control air pollution and equipment in hatcheries; determine the safety indicators of feed and water (the level of their mycological contamination) in poultry houses; monitor the status of feed storage facilities and water supply systems. According to the results of our research, in 15.1% of dead chickens at the age of 3 to 5 days and 6.6% at the age of 7-10 days, according to the results of mycological examination of pathological material, the diagnosis of aspergillosis was established. Aspergillus flavus (47%) Aspergillus fumigatus (34.5%), Aspergillus niger (10%) were isolated from the lungs of dead chickens. Macroscopically revealed edema and hyperemia of the lungs in chickens of 3-5 days of age. The formation of granulomas in the lungs and serous membranes was not detected, which may indicate an acute form of the pathological process. Chickens 7-10 days old showed a strong thickening of the air sacs, lungs with multiple spherical granulomas up to 2 mm in diameter. Spores of fungi entering the lungs cause a local inflammatory reaction - acute pneumonia. Histologically, in chickens of 3-5 days of age, a thickening of the parabronchial wall due to hyperplasia of local lymphoid formations (providing local immunity), signs of the development of interstitial pneumonia were revealed. Pathognomonic signs were found in the parenchyma - the formation of giant multinucleated cells, which is a characteristic sign of mycotic infections in poultry. The fusion of local pulmonary macrophages, histiocytes, into multinucleated cells is a prerequisite for the formation of granulomas, being a specific immune response in birds to the penetration of a pathogen. According to the development of the infectious process, caseous granulomas and fungal hyphae can be detected microscopically in the lungs. According to the results of histological examination, the formation of mycotic granulomas was found in the lung parenchyma in 7-10 days old chickens, which was accompanied by the formation of a zone of coagulation necrosis, in which the fungal hyphae were found. On the periphery, giant multinucleated epithelioid cells are located, the detection of which by histological examination is the basis for suspecting bird infection with microscopic fungi. Microscopic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus have been found in washes from hatchery ventilation cabinets, and Aspergillus flavus was found in the air from the chick sorting room and in washes from the feed mixer. Key words: aspergillosis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, micromycete, mold fungi, histiocytes, granulomas, phylaids, conidia, hyphae.

A case study of possible health hazards associated with poultry houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
O. O. J. Bale ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
C. N. Kwanashie
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Poultry Houses

This study on layer and broiler houses is expected to give basic information on the nature of microbes, their occurrence, health hazard they could constitute and the possibilities for disease control measures. Modern husbandry practices, state or local concentration of the industry, high stocking densities, uniform age distribution of birds and continuous feeding may promote the spread of poultry diseases. Illness due to contaminated food, poultry wastes, poultry and poultry by products are one of the most widespread problems of the contemporary world. From the poultry houses investigated, bacteria and fungi were isolated from swabs of window nets dust, feed stock, roof dust, faeces, floors, feeders, drinkers, feathers, cages and egg trays using standard microbiological media and biochemicals procedures.The isolates encountered include: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus sp., Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella sp., Eschericia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yeast and Rhodotorula spp., which were nol typed. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus sp., Pasteurella gallinarum, Klebsiella sp., Eschericia coli, Yeast and Rhodotorula Sp., were present in both layers and broilers houses structures and materials in varying proportions. However, Pasteurella Multocida, Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from egg trays, feathers, faeces, and feeders respectively from poultry house materials only and none from the structures of layers and broilers houses. The layer house structures and materials tend to yield more microbes mir than broiler house structures and materials. There were no acid-fast organisms observed from the sediments of washed swabs materials for culture using Ziehl-Neelsen stain

scholarly journals عزل وتعريف واختبار كفاءة بعض الفطريات في تحلل الهيدروكربون من التربة الملوثة بالنفط

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
سعاد محمد خليفة أبوالغيث ◽  
أحلام القمودي محمد زعيط
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

استهدفت هذه الدراسة عزل بعض أنواع الفطريات من التربة الملوثة بالهيدروكربون بمصفاة الزاوية لتكرير النفط، حيث تم عزل وتعريف بعض الفطريات مثل Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans وأوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تواجد وتنوع فطر Aspergillus قد تفوق معنويا مقارنة بتواجد وتنوع فطرRhizopus. كما تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار قدرة وكفاءة الفطريات المعزولة على النمو واستغلال المركبات الهيدروكربونية المتمثلة في زيت الحمادة وزيت الشرارة بتركيز 1% و3%، حيث أوضحت النتائج بأن جنس Rhizopus سجل أعلى معدل للنمو على الوسط الغذائي Malt Extract Agar، وسجل كلا من فطر A. fumigatus وفطر A. flavus معدّل النمو القطري أعلى معنويا من النمو القطري لفطرA. niger  وفطر A. nidulans. هذه المعدّلات العالية تدل على إمكانية استخدام الفطريات المعزولة في المعالجة البيولوجية للتربة الملوّثة بالنفط.

scholarly journals PRESENTATION PATTERN AND FUNGAL AGENTS SPECTRUM CAUSING OTOMMYCOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Kassim Dekhil
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Public

 Objective: This study was aimed to identify the public pattern of presentation, influencing factors, and sort the fungal species, distribution of sex of patients with otomycosis.Results: The predominant complaints were pruritus and found in 76 patients (88.73%), discomfort and pain found in 62 patients (72.09%), aural fullness in 48 patients (55.81%), tinnitus in 34 patients (39.53%), hearing impairment in 50 cases (58.31%), ear discharge in 22 patients (25.58%), and most of the symptoms seen in 36 patients (68.14%). The results showed a total of eight fungal species belong to six different genera, namely, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Cephalosporium were isolated during this study. Among identified fungi, Aspergillus niger was found to be the most prevalent fungal species with 35.71% followed by Candida albicans (27.55%), Aspergillus flavus (10.20%), Aspergillus fumigatus (8.16), Penicillium digitatum (6.12%) and Cephalosporium species (4.08%), and Rhizopus species (5.1%), while Alternaria alternata had the lowest percentage (6.54%).Conclusion: Otomycosis/mycotic otitis externa is still a common problem and there is a rise in the occurrence of otomycosis in latest years, especially in tropical and subtropical humid climates.

scholarly journals Fungal Diversity in Droppings of Spot- Billed Pelican, Pelecanus philippensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha N ◽  
Zehra Amtuz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Public Health Risk

Birds are potential vectors of some diseases as their droppings pose public health risk and cause illness. Dust containing dry faeces after inhaling can infects humans. The prevalence of fungi from the faeces of birds in wetlands has not been previously determined. Hence, the present study was carried out to isolate and identify different fungal species present in the droppings of spot-billed pelican, Pelecanus philippensis. Among the fungal species identified Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus were found to be dominating.

scholarly journals ATIVIDADE “IN VITRO” DE TRÊS AGENTES QUÍMICOS FRENTE A DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE ASPERGILLUS

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
M.O. Xavier ◽  
I.M. Madrid ◽  
A.R.M. Meinerz ◽  
M.B. Cleff ◽  
L.F.D. Schuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus

RESUMO A aspergilose é causada por fungos ubíquos e oportunistas do gênero Aspergillus, que liberam milhares de conídios no ar, contaminando o ambiente, sendo de extrema importância a utilização de filtros de ar e programas corretos de anti-sepsia e desinfecção para prevenção da enfermidade. Este estudo avaliou a eficácia “in vitro” dos agentes químicos, iodóforo, amônia quaternária e clorexidina, frente a isolados de Aspergillus fumigatus (8), Aspergillus niger (8), Aspergillus flavus (6) e Aspergillus terreus (1). Para o teste foram preparadas diluições sucessivas dos desinfetantes/antisépticos (log2) em caldo RPMI, e os inóculos foram ajustados até uma concentração final de 5 x 104 UFC/mL. Foi realizada a técnica de microdiluição em caldo de acordo com NCCLS M-38, adaptada para agentes químicos, com incubação das microplacas a 35° C em agitação constante. A leitura visual dos resultados foi realizada após 96 horas, e os isolados de Aspergillus spp. utilizados foram resistentes ao iodóforo nas concentrações testadas. A amônia quaternária e a clorexidina mostraram-se eficazes contra os isolados de Aspergillus spp., com exceção de um A. fumigatus e um A. terreus. Com estes resultados indica-se a utilização da amônia quaternária e da clorexidina na prevenção da aspergilose, questionando-se o uso de iodóforos para este fim.

scholarly journals Isoprenoid phenol and quinone precursors of ubiquinones and dihydroubiquinones [ubiquinones(H2)] in fungi

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah Law ◽  
D. R. Threlfall ◽  
G. R. Whistance
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Agaricus Campestris ◽  
Ubiquinone 10

1. Ten moulds and two yeasts were analysed for the presence of 2-polyprenylphenols, 2-polyprenyl(H2)phenols, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenylphenols, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenyl(H2)phenols, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinones, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenyl(H2)-1,4-benzoquinones, 5-demethoxyubiquinones, 5-demethoxyubiquinones(H2), ubiquinones and ubiquinones(H2). 2. The organisms were found to be of three types: (a) those that contained only ubiquinones (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium brevi-compactum) or ubiquinones(H2) (Alternaria solani, Claviceps purpurae and Penicillium stipitatum); (b) those that contained 5-demethoxyubiquinones and ubiquinones (Agaricus campestris, Aspergillus niger, Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Rhodotorula glutinis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or 5-demethoxyubiquinones(H2) and ubiquinones(H2) (Aspergillus quadrilineatus and Neurospora crassa); (c) one that contained 2-decaprenyl(H2)phenol, 6-methoxy-2-decaprenyl(H2)phenol, 6-methoxy-2-decaprenyl(X-H2)-1,4-benzoquinone, 5-demethoxyubiquinone-10(X-H2) and ubiquinones(H2) (Aspergillus flavus). 3. Studies were made on the biosynthesis of ubiquinones and ubiquinones(H2) by Asp. flavus, Phyc. blakesleeanus and S. cerevisiae. These provided evidence that in Phyc. blakesleeanus 5-demethoxyubiquinone-9 is a precursor of ubiquinone-9 and that in S. cerevisiae 5-demethoxyubiquinone-6 is a precursor of ubiquinone-6. In addition they yielded results that may be interpreted as providing evidence that in Asp. flavus 6-methoxy-2-decaprenyl(X-H2)-1,4-benzoquinone and 5-demethoxyubiquinone-10(X-H2) are precursors of ubiquinone-10(X-H2).

scholarly journals QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DAS CASCAS DO CAULE DE Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. COMERCIALIZADAS EM SÃO LUÍS/MARANHÃO

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Maria Mendonça Do Amaral ◽  
Luís Marcelo Vieira Rosa ◽  
Denise Fernandes Coutinho ◽  
Luís Henrique Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Nilce Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
Popular Medicine

A qualidade das cascas do caule de Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. (Bignoniaceae), conhecida como pau d’arco roxo, largamente empregada na prática popular, foi avaliada realizando-se análise qualitativa de pesquisa para fungos. Em mercados públicos da capital maranhense foi realizada amostragem aleatória simples das bancas de venda de plantas para uso medicinal, totalizando doze bancas selecionadas. No período de setembro/2000 a fevereiro/ 2001, amostras das cascas do caule Tabebuia avellanedae, foram adquiridas, por compra, em triplicata, nessas localidades. Na análise microbiológica, fragmentos uniformes das amostras comerciais foram inoculados em placas com meios ágar Sabouraud dextrose e ágar batata, mantidas em temperatura ambiente de 5 a 7 dias. Ocorrido crescimento de colônias de fungos, realizou-se a técnica de microcultivo em lâmina, utilizando lactofenol azul de algodão como corante. A identificação das espécies de fungos foi fundamentada na morfologia macroscópica das colônias e no estudo dos órgãos vegetativos e de frutificação do fungo cultivado pela técnica de microcultivo. Foram identificados fungos Absidia ssp., Rhizopus ssp., Penicillium ssp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus e Aspergillus niger, este último presente em todas as amostras analisadas. Os resultados comprovam a má qualidade das amostras comerciais de pau d’arco roxo comercializadas em mercados de São Luís/MA; comprovando-se fungos não permitidos pela legislação vigente e literatura especializada; expondo o consumidor ao risco real de utilização de droga vegetal imprópria para o consumo, evidenciando-se, assim, a necessidade da adoção de programa de fiscalização, vigilância e controle de qualidade domaterial vegetal disponibilizado para comercialização para fins medicinais em mercados. MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF WOOD BARKS OF Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. COMMERCIALIZED IN SÃO LUÍS/MARANHÃO Abstract The quality of wood barks of Tabebuia avellanedae Lor. ex Griseb. (Bignoniaceae), known as “pau d’arco roxo”, widely used in popular medicine, was evaluated by means of qualitative analysis of fungus. In public markets of the Maranhão capital it was carried through a simple random sampling of the sales banking of herbal medicinal, totaling twelve selected banking. During September/2000 to February/2001 samples of wood barks of Tabebuia avellanedae were acquired, by purchase in triplicate. In the microbiological analysis, uniform fragments of these commercial samples were inoculated in dishes with agar Sabouraud dextrose and agar potato held at room temperature from 5 to 7 days. After the growth in colonies of fungus, microcultive in lamina was made having blue lactophenol of cotton as ink. Identification of species of fungus was based on macroscopic morphology of colonies in the study of vegetative organs and of fructification ofmicrocultive cultivated fungus. Absidia ssp., Rhizopus ssp., Penicillium ssp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus e Aspergillus niger were identified, being this last one present in all analyzed samples. The results proved the bad quality of the samples of “pau d’arco roxo” commercialized at markets in São Luís/ MA; also proven not allowed fungus by legislation in validity and specialized literature, exposing customers to risks of using vegetal drugs which are unfit for human consumption, which evidences therefore the need of a program of inspection, vigilance and quality control of vegetal drugs available for sale with medicinal aim at market places.

scholarly journals Microbiota fúngica dos condicionadores de ar nas unidades de terapia intensiva de Teresina, PI

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Mobin ◽  
Maria do Amparo Salmito
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

Com intuito de identificar a microbiota fúngica em condicionadores de ar nas unidades de terapia intensiva de hospitais públicos e particulares de Teresina-PI, coletou-se material sólido de dez UTIs, isolando 33 espécies pertencentes às Moniliaceae e Dematiaceae, sendo primeira referência para o Piauí. Registrou-se elevada freqüência de Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem (60%); Aspergillus fumigatus Fres (50%); Trichoderma koningii Oudem (50%), Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr (40%). A validade da limpeza dos condicionadores de ar ultrapassou em todas as UTIs, a quantidade de unidades formadoras de colônia estava além do permitido pela Portaria 176/00 do Ministério da Saúde. É importante que os profissionais estejam munidos de equipamento de proteção individual, além de adotar medidas de controle de infecção hospitalar, sensibilizar para a existência de infecções fúngicas, melhorar ventilação de ar, possibilitando arejamento do ambiente e limpar periodicamente os condicionadores de ar, conscientizando os profissionais de saúde da importância destes fungos no ambiente hospitalar.

scholarly journals Contaminación fúngica toxigénica de las bebidas a base de cacao: Una posible preocupación de salud pública en un país tropical.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Chinwe Christy Isitua ◽  
Isaiah-Nnanna Ibeh ◽  
Tony Ifeanyi Ojiezeh
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus

Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos y su deterioro microbiano son el resultado de la incapacidad de regular o controlar los microorganismos en una o más etapas de la cadena alimentaria, desde la producción de la materia prima hasta el consumo del producto final. Este estudio se realizó para detectar algunas bebidas a base de cacao que se venden en Nigeria, con el fin de determinar el estado micológico y aflatoxínico de dichos alimentos. Setenta y nueve (79) muestras de diferentes marcas de bebidas de cacao recogidas de diferentes mercados en la ciudad de Benín (Nigeria), se evaluaron mediante la estimación de la carga de hongos; utilizando el método de recuento de placa estándar y el nivel de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) por extracción de columna de gel de sílice de inmunoafinidad y cromatografía de capa fina con detección espectrofotométrica. Las colonias de moho aisladas de las muestras se identificaron mediante métodos micológicos estándar como Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger y Aspergillus fumigatus. La muestra de bebidas Zamis registró el mayor recuento de hongos de 5500 ufc /g, nivel de AFB1 de 40,6 ± 3,2 μg/kg y contenido de humedad de 4,00%; mientras que la muestra de bebidas Peak registró el menor recuento de hongos de 500 ufc /g, el nivel de AFB1 de 5,3 ± 2,5 μg/kg y el contenido de humedad del 1.00%. AFB1 no se detectó en muestras de bebidas de Ovaltine y Benco. Los géneros más frecuentes de moho en todas las muestras fue A. flavus, con una incidencia de 63,3%. Las bebidas con bolsita de cacao que se venden en la metrópolis de Benin conllevan un riesgo potencial para la salud. Por lo tanto, una mejor manipulación a través del procesamiento, la conservación y el almacenamiento de los alimentos puede minimizar las aflatoxinas en los alimentos y garantizar una calidad sostenible del suministro de alimentos. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de una atención urgente a las posibles implicaciones para la salud pública.

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