scholarly journals Assessment of the Radiation and Health Physics Situation in the Area of Ship Repair Enterprises in Kamchatka Krai

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
D.V. Isaev ◽  
◽  
N.K. Shandala ◽  
V.G. Starinskiy ◽  
A.V. Titov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Health Physics ◽  
Nuclear Power Installation ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Ship Repair

The objectives of the study are to examine the radiation and health physics situation in the area of ship repair enterprises servicing ships with nuclear power installation; to assess its possible impact on the environment and the population. Materials and research methods. The study of radiation and health physics situation on the territory was conducted by walking gamma survey using portable gamma spectrometric complexes MKS-01A "Multirad-gamma" and MKS-AT6101C. Gamma-spectrometric and radiochemical methods of analysis were used to determine the specific activity of man-made and natural radionuclides in environmental samples. Results of the study and their analysis. Practical medical and hygienic measures to study the radiation and health physics situation were carried out in 2019. It was found that the ambient equivalent dose rate in the areas of ship repair enterprises is at the level of regional values and does not exceed 0.12 μSv/h. Radionuclide specific activity in the soil of the surveyed areas does not exceed 4.5 Bq/kg — for 90Sr and 12 Bq/kg — for 137Cs, which does not exceed the established norms for unrestricted use of solid materials. Radionuclide content in the sea water samples taken in the area of closed administrative territorial unit Krasheninnikov Bay does not exceed on average: for 137Cs — 7 mBq/L, for 90Sr — 2.1 mBq/L. When comparing the results obtained with the official data on the radionuclide content in the water of Avacha Bay (90Sr up to 2.08 mBq/L at the annual average of 1.14 mBq/L), we may state that they are at the same level as the regional ones. Radionuclide content in bottom sediment samples varies within the following limits: for 137Cs — from 0.14 to 3 Bq/kg, for 90Sr — from 0.11 to 1.5 Bq/kg and is similar to the general values for soil samples. Thus, the radiation and health physics characteristics of the study area vary little and remain practically at the level of the results of studies conducted in 2014-2015. The content of man-made radionuclides in the samples of environmental objects is at the level of average values typical for the region. Potentially radiation-hazardous works carried out in 2019 at enterprises of closed administrative territorial unit Vilyuchinsk had no reliable radiation impact on the environment and population.

Can a sponge fractionate isotopes?

1985 ◽  
Vol 224 (1234) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Preferential Uptake

The study has unequivocally demonstrated that siliceous sponges Spirastrella cuspidifera and Prostylyssa foetida from the same microecological niche exhibit a high degree of species specificity, while accumulating a host of heavy metal ions (Ni, Cr, Cd, Sn, Ti, Mo, Zr). S. cuspidifera accumulated, in addition, 60 Co and 63 Ni, showing discrimination against other radionuclides, 137 Cs and 131 I, present in the ambient waters receiving controlled low level waste discharges from a B. W. R. nuclear power station. P. foetida , on the other hand, accumulated only 131 I and showed discrimination against other radionuclides including 60 Co, although the stable iodine concentrations in both the sponges were the same. The specific activity of 60 Co (in becquerels per gram of 59 Co) in S. cuspidifera and 131 I (in becquerels per gram of 127 I) in P. foetida were at least two orders of magnitude greater than in the ambient sea water. That of 63 Ni (in becquerels per gram of 62 Ni) in S. cuspidifera , on the other hand, was lower by two orders of magnitude than in either abiotic matrices from the same environment. Thus, not only did both the species show bioaccumulation of a specific element, but also preferential uptake of isotopes of the same element, though they were equally available for intake. Such differential uptake of isotopes can possibly be explained in terms of two quite different mechanisms operating, each applicable in a particular case. One is that the xenobiotic isotope enters the environment in a physicochemical form or as a complex different from that of its natural counterpart. If equilibration with the latter is slow, so that the organism acquires the xenobiotic in an unfamiliar chemical context, it may treat it as a chemically distinct entity so that its concentration factor differs from that of stable isotope, thus changing the specific activity. Alternatively, if the xenobiotic is present in the same chemical form as the stable isotope, the only way in which specific activities can be modified is by fractionation on the basis of mass of isotope. In view of the remarkable concentration factors observed for stable and radioactive isotopes of the same element and the specific activities reached, it is desirable that species of sponges, especially from the coastal and estuarine environments, be monitored to detect levels of pollution due to anthropogenic substances.

scholarly journals The analysis of radioecological monitoring results in the vicinity of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. V. Panov ◽  
N. I. Sanzharova ◽  
N. N. Isamov ◽  
N. V. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Radioecological Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Content

The research presents the data of long-term observations of the impact of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant operation on the radioecological situation in the region of its location. The dynamics of the content of natural and artificial radionuclides in the components of agricultural ecosystems was studied due to the data based on the information from the radioecological monitoring network developed in 2003. Samples of soils, agricultural products and animal feeds were taken at 11 control sites located on arable lands and grasslands in the vicinity of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant, and, in settlements, locally produced food was sampled. It was shown that for the period of studies of 2003-2019, the average specific activity of 90Sr in the soils of agroecosystems of the 10 km influence zone of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant varied within 2.7-4.3 Bq/kg, and specific activity of 137Cs was 14.6-40.8 Bq/kg. At the same time, there were found no trends of increase in the content of artificial radionuclides in soil over time and at different distances from the NPP, and the increased specific activity of 137Cs in soil compared to the global background is explained by the Chernobyl fallout. The variability of the average content of natural radionuclides in the soil for 40K was 481-625 Bq/kg, 226Ra – 20.6-29.5 Bq/ kg, 232Th – 28.2-39.2 Bq/kg, which corresponded to all-Russian data. The average specific activity of 90Sr in grain was 0.24-0.43 Bq/kg, and 137Cs – 0.19-0.37 Bq/kg. Even the maximum levels of artificial radionuclides in grain were 44 times for 90Sr and 85 times for 137Cs lower than the current SanPiN standards. The highest specific activity values of 137Cs and 90Sr in potatoes, vegetables, and gourds were 160 times lower than the SanPiN standards. It was noted that the maximum content of 90Sr in milk was more than 540 times lower than the SanPin standard, and for 137Cs this difference was 330 times. The maximum content of 137Cs in beef turned out to be over 850 times lower than the SanPiN standard for this radionuclide. About 70 Bq/a of 90Sr and 200 Bq/a of 137Cs enter the population diet with locally produced food, which is almost 400 times for 137Cs and 200 times for 90Sr lower than the annual limit. Milk (46%), meat (31%), potatoes and vegetables (14%) make the main contribution to the formation of the internal dose from agricultural products containing 137Cs, and contribution to dose from 90Sr is made by milk (14%) and crop products (potatoes, vegetables, bread) – up to 78%. In general, we concluded that over the past 17 years, the operation of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant did not lead to a deterioration of the radioecological situation in the region of its location, because during the survey period there was no significant increase in the content of artificial radionuclides in agricultural products, foods and environmental components.

Radiation Safety of Population: Experience and Ways of Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N. Shandala ◽  
Igor' Korenkov ◽  
A. Lyaginskaya ◽  
S. Kiselev ◽  
Yu Kvacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Health Physics ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
The Public

The article describes the results of the activities of the department of radiation safety of the population of the A.I. Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA over the period from the foundation of the Center to the present. Results: The priority in the activity of the Institute of Biophysics, created in 1946, was the development of issues of radiation safety of the personnel and the public during the implementation of a nuclear project. The basic scientific direction «radiation safety of the population» was formed as an independent unit by 1955. Today, the department of radiation safety of the population of FMBC is a scientific, practical and methodological unit which deals with radiation and chemical safety including an assessment of health of the population living in the vicinity of Russian nuclear facilities. The main priorities of activity include: radiation-health physics monitoring and health physics regulation; monitoring the health of the population; expert activity in medical nuclear forensics. Scientific research in the field of protection and safety and improving the state health and epidemiological supervision covers the population living in the areas of enterprises under FMBA’s of Russia service, including nuclear shipbuilding facilities, nuclear and uranium legacy of Russia and Central Asia, nuclear power plants, cosmodromes, etc. Conclusion: In general, summarizing the 75-year activity in the field of the public radiation protection and safety, the following can be stated. Over the past years, a set of health physics works has been carried out at nuclear facilities, a methodology for radiation and health physics monitoring has been developed in conjunction with monitoring the public health, methods for determining man-made and natural radionuclides in food and environmental media have been developed and introduced into practice. The implementation of our new scientific developments and future prospects will be aimed at reducing the burden of medical problems associated with the operation of various radiation hazardous facilities and legacy management; raising the level and quality of life of the relevant contingents of the Russian population; as well as the creation of the necessary conditions for the successful development of nuclear energy in the Russian Federation.

Method of Non-Destructive Measurement of Natural Radionuclides Concentration in Building Materials

ANRI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Aleksey Vasil'ev ◽  
Aleksey Ekidin ◽  
Mariya Pyshkina ◽  
Georgiy Malinovskiy ◽  
Aleksandra Onischenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Calculated Flux

A method for non-destructive monitoring of the content of natural radionuclides in building materials has been developed. Spectrum measurements of gamma radiation are carried out with a pre-calibrated field gamma spectrometer. The calculation of the average specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials is carried out by comparing the calculated flux density of unscattered gamma quanta normalized to the specific activity, and the experimentally measured count rates in the photopeak. calculated for the geometry of the room under study and the location of the detector. Application of the developed method makes it possible to estimate the average activity of natural radionuclides in building materials without destruction.

The accumulation and excretion of radioactive caesium by the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and the thornback ray (Raia clavata)

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Jefferies ◽  
C. J. Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Processing Plants

INTRODUCTIONThe caesium radionuclides, caesium-137 and caesium-134, are important constituents of aqueous radioactive effluents discharged to the environment of the United Kingdom from fuel re-processing plants and nuclear power stations (Howells, 1966; Mitchell, Harvey & Smith, 1968; Harvey, Baker & Mitchell, 1969). Their accumulation by marine fishes has been the subject of several previous studies, beginning with that of Chipman (1959) who noted that caesium-137 was accumulated in the flesh of the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and that accumulation continued even after a period of 72 days. Similarly, Hiyama & Shimizu (1964) showed that the muscle of the common goby (Acanthobus flaviamus) continued to accumulate caesium-134 from sea water after periods of 30 days. Baptist & Price (1962) have examined the whole body uptake of caesium, by absorption from sea water, in two marine species, the flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and the Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus), and they also investigated the accumulation, tissue distribution and excretion of caesium-137 in the croaker, the little tuna (Euthynnus alleteratus) and the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatoux), following oral administration of single doses. These authors concluded that the heart, liver and spleen of the croaker absorbed caesium-137 from sea water at a faster rate than the muscle, and that orally administered caesium-137 was rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract. Tissue distributions were similar in the croaker, bluefish and tuna. The retention of caesium-137 in croaker tissue was described as a multiple rate process. In later experiments Hiyama & Shimizu (1969) compared turnover rates in various organs and tissues following uptake from sea water and from single injection experiments, and obtained good agreement between the values from the two methods.

scholarly journals Features of accumulation of the technogenic radionuclides in meat of some hunting animals in the Trans-Urals

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Alexander Mikhailovich Okunev
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Lead 210

The degree of contamination of the organism of wild animals with radionuclides is of particular importance in the framework of environmental monitoring and assessment of its safety, both for humans and for animals. However, the majority of domestic scientific works on this subject concerns farm animals, and the information relating to hunting animals is much less. This fact determined the relevance of our work, the purpose of which was to study the features of the accumulation of global technogenic and natural radionuclides in the meat of some wild animals in the TRANS-Urals. Experimental data on the content of technogenic radionuclides in the meat of hunting animals were obtained in the autumn-winter periods of 2014 – 2018. Analysis of the average data showed, that the content in the meat of wild animals cesium-137, depending on the animal species, ranged from 4.1 to 49.2; lead-210 – 0,7 – 4,3; and strontium-90 – 0,1 – 1,7 Bq/kg. The total beta- activity of radionuclides in the meat of wild animals varied, depending on the species, from 71.2 to 104.3 Bq/kg. At the same time, all the studied samples of meat corresponded to the norms established by SanPiN-2010 for this type of food product. Some increased accumulation of radioactive cesium (49.2 Bq/kg) and other anthropogenic radionuclides was observed in wild reindeer meat, and in the southern regions of the TRANS-Urals – in bear and wild boar meat (21.1 and 17.4 Bq/kg, respectively). In the muscle tissue of the roe deer the content of this radionuclide was slightly higher than that of the elk (14.7 and 12.2 Bq/kg, respectively). The lowest concentration of cesium-137 (4.1 Bq/kg) and other nuclides was found in beaver meat. The content of strontium-90 in the meat of all tested animals was at a minimum level, and the specific activity of lead-210 was higher than strontium-90 by 2 - 10 times, depending on the species, which indicates the accumulation of this radionuclide in forest ecosystems due to anthropogenic pressure and expansion of the technogenic zone of cities.  The results of studies have shown that differences in the accumulation of technogenic radionuclides in the meat of the hunting animals are largely related to the nature of feeding and composition of the diet of wild species, and are subject to significant fluctuations in accordance with the change in the volume and qualities of food resources in forest biotopes over the year.      

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) BIOMASS AND 137CS SPECIFIC ACTIVITY IN WOOD

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Global Pollution ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Average Value

The paper analyses relationship between pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) biomass and the specific activity of an artificial radio‐isotope 137Cs in wood. The specific activity of 137Cs was measured in the segments of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) annual rings. The biomass of segments and the density of wood were estimated experimentally. It is determined that relationship between pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) biomass and pine age is not linear. In the variation of biomass are time when biomass grows slowly (25–55 pine age or 1959–1990 m. period). The specific activity of 137Cs in pine annual rings depends on the rapidity of biomass growth. The specific activity of 137Cs varied from 0,3 ± 0,1 to 13,4 ± 2,7 Bq/kg when the biomass grew rapidly and its average value was 4,3±1,1 Bq/kg. When the biomass grew slowly, the specific activity of 137Cs varied from 1,8 ± 0,7 to 20,6 ± 5,3 Bq/kg, and its average value was 9,6 ± 2,6 Bq/kg. Global pollution after nuclear explosions, pollution after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident and uptake of 137Cs from roots had an influence on the specific activity of 137Cs in pine annual rings.

scholarly journals Influence of pipeline geometry on hydrodynamics and heat transfer processes by an example of a ship steam generator

2021 ◽  
Vol 2088 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
O V Mitrofanova ◽  
A V Fedorinov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Power Installation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Power Installations ◽  
Power Installations

Abstract The theoretical and computational analysis proposed in this work is aimed at identifying the features of thermal and hydrodynamic processes carried out in the steam-generating channels of the ship type water-moderated nuclear power installations. It is shown that the complex geometry of the thermohydraulic tract curvilinear channels of the steam generating system has a significant effect on the efficiency of the transport nuclear power installation. In addition to the formation of large-scale vortex structures and swirling flow in the pipeline, the phenomenon of the swirling flow crisis is revealed, under which the low-frequency component of the acoustic spectrum is enhanced. The scientific and applied significance of the proposed research is associated with the need to ensure a wide range of operational changes in efficient and safe operation power modes of icebreaker nuclear power installations. The research, aimed at developing the principles of physical and mathematical modeling of complex vortex flows, is necessary to optimize the design parameters of the thermal power equipment elements of new generation ship nuclear power installations in order to ensure increased safety and reliability of their operation.

scholarly journals Environmental study of natural radioactivity regime of the Ikaria island and the radiological impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
G. Trabidou ◽  
H. Florou ◽  
A. Angelopoulos ◽  
L. Sakelliou ◽  
I. Katsikis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Decay Series ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Marine Flora

This is a preliminary study on the natural radioactivity of the spas in the Icaria island and the consequent impact to the public health. In order to carry out this research : a) Car-borne radiometry has been applied in the areas around the spas as well as in some reference areas in the island b) The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides of the 238U-226Ra and 232Th decay series, as well as 40K, in spa water, soil, sediment, surface sea water and marine flora samples in the areas of the spas were measured, from the results derived one notes that elevated concentrations of the environmental abiotic materials are presented, which are reflected to the concentrations observed in marine flora. Consequently, higher population doses in comparison with other Greek regions are resulted.

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

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