scholarly journals Analysis of Economic Indicators of Oligopolistic Markets under Cyberthreats

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
L.E. Varshavsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Oligopolistic Markets ◽  
Nash Strategies

The article is devoted to dynamic economic analysis of optimal Nash strategies of oligopolists under cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure. Oligopolists maximize their NPV taking into account that attackers try to minimize this criterion. Different scenarios of evolution of some abstract ologopolistic market experienced cyber-attacks are considered.

scholarly journals Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
pp. 448-465
Author(s):  
Ana Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Scada Systems ◽  
Insight Into

We are facing the expansion of cyber incidents, and they are becoming more severe. This results in the necessity to improve security, especially in the vulnerable field of critical infrastructure. One of the problems in the security of critical infrastructures is the level of awareness related to the effect of cyberattacks. The threat to critical infrastructure is real, so it is necessary to be aware of it and anticipate, predict, and prepare against a cyber attack. The main reason for the escalation of cyberattacks in the field of Critical Infrastructure (CI) may be that most control systems used for CI do not utilise propriety protocols and software anymore; they instead utilise standard solutions. As a result, critical infrastructure systems are more than ever before becoming vulnerable and exposed to cyber threats. It is important to get an insight into what attack types occur, as this may help direct cyber security efforts. In this chapter, the authors present vulnerabilities of SCADA systems against cyber attack, analyse and classify existing cyber attacks, and give future directions to achieve better security of SCADA systems.

Cybersecurity capabilities for critical infrastructure resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masike Malatji ◽  
Annlizé L. Marnewick ◽  
Suné Von Solms
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
Attack Surfaces

Purpose For many innovative organisations, Industry 4.0 paves the way for significant operational efficiencies, quality of goods and services and cost reductions. One of the ways to realise these benefits is to embark on digital transformation initiatives that may be summed up as the intelligent interconnectivity of people, processes, data and cyber-connected things. Sadly, this interconnectivity between the enterprise information technology (IT) and industrial control systems (ICS) environment introduces new attack surfaces for critical infrastructure (CI) operators. As a result of the ICS cybersecurity risk introduced by the interconnectivity between the enterprise IT and ICS networks, the purpose of this study is to identify the cybersecurity capabilities that CI operators must have to attain good cybersecurity resilience. Design/methodology/approach A scoping literature review of best practice international CI protection frameworks, standards and guidelines were conducted. Similar cybersecurity practices from these frameworks, standards and guidelines were grouped together under a corresponding National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework (CF) practice. Practices that could not be categorised under any of the existing NIST CF practices were considered new insights, and therefore, additions. Findings A CI cybersecurity capability framework comprising 29 capability domains (cybersecurity focus areas) was developed as an adaptation of the NIST CF with an added dimension. This added dimension emphasises cloud computing and internet of things (IoT) security. Each of the 29 cybersecurity capability domains is executed through various capabilities (cybersecurity processes and procedures). The study found that each cybersecurity capability can further be operationalised by a set of cybersecurity controls derived from various frameworks, standards and guidelines, such as COBIT®, CIS®, ISA/IEC 62443, ISO/IEC 27002 and NIST Special Publication 800-53. Practical implications CI sectors are immediately able to adopt the CI cybersecurity capability framework to evaluate their levels of resilience against cyber-attacks, given new attack surfaces introduced by the interconnectivity of cyber-connected things between the enterprise and ICS levels. Originality/value The authors present an added dimension to the NIST framework for CI cyber protection. In addition to emphasising cryptography, IoT and cloud computing security aspects, this added dimension highlights the need for an integrated approach to CI cybersecurity resilience instead of a piecemeal approach.

Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Scada Systems ◽  
Insight Into

We are facing the expansion of cyber incidents, and they are becoming more severe. This results in the necessity to improve security, especially in the vulnerable field of critical infrastructure. One of the problems in the security of critical infrastructures is the level of awareness related to the effect of cyberattacks. The threat to critical infrastructure is real, so it is necessary to be aware of it and anticipate, predict, and prepare against a cyber attack. The main reason for the escalation of cyberattacks in the field of Critical Infrastructure (CI) may be that most control systems used for CI do not utilise propriety protocols and software anymore; they instead utilise standard solutions. As a result, critical infrastructure systems are more than ever before becoming vulnerable and exposed to cyber threats. It is important to get an insight into what attack types occur, as this may help direct cyber security efforts. In this chapter, the authors present vulnerabilities of SCADA systems against cyber attack, analyse and classify existing cyber attacks, and give future directions to achieve better security of SCADA systems.

Economic Impact of Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructures

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-314
Author(s):  
Merve Şener
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Financial Losses

Critical infrastructures ensure that activities that are vital and important for individuals can be safely delivered to the society uninterruptedly. The damage on these critical infrastructures caused by cyber-attacks whose control is carried out through computers and network systems is very large. Cyber-attacks directly or indirectly affect companies, institutions, and organizations economically and cause great financial losses. In this chapter, two different categories, energy and finance sector, which are described as critical infrastructure, are discussed; cyber-attacks carried out on these sectors, cyber-attack weapons, and economic losses caused by these attacks are examined.

An Economic Analysis of the Evolution of the Tourism Sector in Bahrain

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
Anis Khayati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Firm Commitment

This chapter examines the evolution and the effects of tourism on the main economic indicators in Bahrain. Results show that, overall, the tourism sector is growing even though with some periods of disruption. However, the sector seems to be operating beneath its potential as can be seen from its concentration on interregional arrivals. Results show that tourism receipts are still much below the level of some countries in the region. However, the contribution of tourism receipts to GDP remains clearly above international average levels, while its contribution to exports is slightly above the average. In addition, the industry relies primarily on expatriate labor for employment. Results also indicate that the levels of investment and government spending remain relatively low in comparison to some countries in the Gulf. Given the great potential of the country, better results could be attainable if the country shows firm commitment to develop this sector.

Cyber Attacks and Preliminary Steps in Cyber Security in National Protection

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Faruk Aydin ◽  
O. Tolga Pusatli
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Security Standards

Cyber attacks launched by individuals and/or supported by nation states have increased due to the prevalence of information technologies at critical infrastructure of the states. In this chapter, such attacks and consecutive impacts are visited. In connection with this issue, evolution of cyber threats from annoying malware to serious weapons is studied by examples; hence, precautions against such threats are visited and usage of anti-malware applications as prevalent precautions is assessed within the scope. Selected information security standards and strategies of selected states and precautions for cyber security of Turkey are studied. Our findings underline that educated citizens and companies along with public institutions should cooperate to provide a nationwide cyber security. Consequently, it is defended that governments should play an affective role to protect, educate, and guide governmental and private companies and citizens on the cyber security by promoting the cyber security topic in the successive national development plans.

Cyber Threat Ransomware and Marketing to Networked Consumers

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-185
Author(s):  
Usman Javed Butt ◽  
Maysam F. Abbod ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Cyber Threat

Marketing is a process of creating, capturing, and exchanging ‘value' for the mutual benefits of marketers, customers, intermediaries, and other stakeholders. Such a transaction requires trust as it might be facing a range of online cyber risks. Modern cybercrimes have exponentially grown over the last decade. Ransomware is one of the types of malware which is the result of a sophisticated attempt to compromise the modern computer systems. The businesses, governments, and large corporations are investing heavily to combat this cyber threat against their critical infrastructure. New technological shifts help to improve marketing and business productivity and keep the company's global competitiveness in an overflowing competitive market. However, the businesses and the systems involved need security measures to protect integrity and availability which will help avoid any malfunctioning to their operations due to the cyber-attacks. There have been several cyber-attack incidents on several businesses such as healthcare, pharmaceutical, water cleaning, and energy sector.

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