scholarly journals Chemical composition, fatty acids and oil stability of Chrozophora brochiana (Vis.) Schweinf. seed germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Manal Abasher Ahmed ◽  
Abdalbasit Adam Mariod ◽  
Ismail Hassan Hussein ◽  
Bertrand Matthaus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Successive Heating ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The chemical composition of seeds of Chrozophora brochiana (Vis.) Schweinf. as well as stability of the oil extracted from the seeds affected by germination have been investigated. C. brochiana seed was found to be a rich source of oil (42.9%) and protein (18.2%). Seed germination increased the moisture, protein, fiber and ash contents and decreased the fat and carbohydrate contents. The fatty acid composition was also influenced by germination where linoleic and oleic acids increased and stearic acid decreased. The concentrations of Na, K, Cu and Ca were higher in germinated seeds. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to screen changes in the germinated and ungerminated seeds during the successive heating at 70°C for 72 hrs. It was found that the oil extracted from germinated seeds was oxidized faster than ungerminated seeds when subjected to successive heating.

Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

scholarly journals Changes of the fatty acid composition of sprouts during germination

2010 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Melinda-Rita Márton ◽  
Sándor Szép ◽  
Zsolt Mándoki ◽  
Melinda Tamás ◽  
Salamon Rozália Veronika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content

During our research we studied the fat content and fatty acid composition during the germination and sprouting periods of the most important sprouts: wheat, lentil, alfalfa, radish and sunflower seed. In this article we present our research results during this sprouting study. The concentration of the saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) decreased, the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids increased during germination, but the tendency was not so high than was published in the literature.

scholarly journals Qualitative properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from aquaculture facility in Bitola region (Macedonia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Dijana Blazhekovikj-Dimovska ◽  
Biljana Sivakova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

The main goal of this research was to determine the qualitative properties of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from aquaculture facility - salmonid fishpond Strezhevo which is situated in Bitola region (Republic of Macedonia). The qualitative properties of the rainbow trout are established by determination of the chemical and the fatty acid composition of the fish meat, the energy value of the meat and the microbiological analysis for the total number of microorganisms on fish skin and presence of Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The main purpose of the research produced additional analyzes that determine the physical - chemical properties and also a microbiological analysis of the water in which the rainbow trout resides, the chemical composition of feed used for feeding of the rainbow trout, the condition factor (CF) and the feed conversion. The results obtained during the examination of the chemical composition of the rainbow trout meat from the fishpond Strezhevo determined the mean value of 74.533% water, 20.600% protein, 3.366% fat and 1.38% ash. The energy value of the meat was 484.635 kJ/100 g. Considering the results of the fatty acid composition of the rainbow trout from the fishpond Strezhevo, it can be concluded that the content of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) is 20.303%, the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is 52.359% and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is 27.268%. In terms of the amount of n-6 fatty acids, it is 20.180%, while the amount of n-3 is 7.088%.

COMPOSITION OF THE FATS IN PUPAE OF AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Puparium Formation

Water and fat content and the fatty acid composition of the fats of Agria affinis (Fallén) were determined over the period from mature larvae to newly emerged adults. During pupation the insects lost about 30% of their larval weight; 85% of this was water and 7% was fat. The loss was most rapid during puparium formation and for 2 or 3 days thereafter. In the fat, the concentrations of 14 carbon fatty acids and stearic acid remained constant; the concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids decreased by about 3, 8, and 4% respectively; and the concentrations of linoleic and erucic acids increased 11 and 3% respectively.

scholarly journals Achievement of dietary fatty acid intakes in long-term controlled intervention studies: approach and methodology

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nydahl ◽  
RD Smith ◽  
CNM Kelly ◽  
BA Fielding ◽  
CM Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Lower Ratio

AbstractObjectives:To describe the calculations and approaches used to design experimental diets of differing saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) compositions for use in a long-term dietary intervention study, and to evaluate the degree to which the dietary targets were met.Design, setting and subjects:Fifty-one students living in a university hall of residence consumed a reference (SFA) diet for 8 weeks followed by either a moderate MUFA (MM) diet or a high MUFA (HM) diet for 16 weeks. The three diets were designed to differ only in their proportions of SFA and MUFA, while keeping total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),trans-fatty acids, and the ratio of palmitic to stearic acid, andn– 6 ton– 3 PUFA, unchanged.Results:Using habitual diet records and a standardised database for food fatty acid compositions, a sequential process of theoretical fat substitutions enabled suitable fat sources for use in the three diets to be identified, and experimental margarines for baking, spreading and the manufacture of snack foods to be designed. The dietary intervention was largely successful in achieving the fatty acid targets of the three diets, although unintended differences between the original target and the analysed fatty acid composition of the experimental margarines resulted in a lower than anticipated MUFA intake on the HM diet, and a lower ratio of palmitic to stearic acid compared with the reference or MM diet.Conclusions:This study has revealed important theoretical considerations that should be taken into account when designing diets of specific fatty acid composition, as well as practical issues of implementation.

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF OIL OF A NEW LINE OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Papchenko ◽  
T. Matveeva ◽  
V. Khareba ◽  
O. Khareba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractional Crystallisation ◽  
Sunflower Seeds

The main methods of obtaining fractionated oils and fats have been analysed. They involve three essentially different processes of fractionation of acylglycerols: dry fractionation, aqueous fractionation with a detergent, and solvent fractionation. Considerable attention has been paid to determining the conditions for fractionation of sunflower oil modified in its fatty acid composition. It has been emphasised that using stearic sunflower oil free from trans fatty acids as a source of fats is a topical task. The practical importance of complex research on fractional crystallisation of stearic sunflower oil has been substantiated. The experiments have allowed establishing the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the oil of the new line of sunflower seeds of the saturated type Х114В (stearic type). The structure of its acylglycerols has been mathematically determined. Data have been obtained that besides the increased stearic acid content (9.1% of the total fatty acids), the oil under study also contains a significant amount of the disaturated–monounsaturated fraction of acylglycerols (6.16%). The method of fractionating sunflower oil of the stearic type, which has been scientifically substantiated, involves one-stage fractional crystallisation from the melt. The conditions of fractional crystallisation have been experimentally established: the crystallisation temperature range (+6 – +9°С), the crystallisation time (38 days), and the cooling rate (≈0.0051°С/s). The target fraction of sunflower oil of the stearic type has been obtained. It differs from the original oil in its fatty acid and acylglycerol composition. The yield of this oil fraction was 24.57%. It has been found that the fatty acid composition of this fraction has a content of palmitic acid increased by 0.9% and that of stearic acid higher by 3.3%, while its linoleic acid content decreased to 41.9%. The total amount of saturated fatty acids in the target fraction sample is 19.8% of all fatty acids. It has been found that the proportion of disaturated–monounsaturated acylglycerols in the target fraction increases by 3.27%. The resulting target fraction will be useful in flour and confectionery technologies as a substitute for fats containing trans fatty acids

scholarly journals The diversity of fatty acid composition in traditional and rare oil crops cultivated in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Gavrilova ◽  
Tatyana Shelenga ◽  
Elizaveta Porokhovinova ◽  
Aleksandra Dubovskaya ◽  
Nina Kon’kova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Poppy Seeds ◽  
Growing Conditions

This review is devoted to the description of chemical peculiarities of industrial oil crops cultivated (or prospective for cultivation) in Russia, which are stored in the VIR collection. Different crops have similar fatty acids biosynthesis pathways, but each species has its own individualities in the chemical composition of the oil and its genetic control. The diversity of oil crop chemical composition opens the possibility of its multipurpose utilization practically in all industrial segments. Sunflower, rapeseed, flax, mustard, camelina and safflower are cultivated in Russia as oil crops. Castor beans, perilla, lallemantia and noog are not cultivated on an industrial scale, but have original oil properties and are prospective for future cultivation. Hemp and poppy seeds contain oil valuable for food, but they are not widespread. Cotton and peanut oils are prospective for industrial purposes when early, already created varieties of these crops will be cultivated in Russia. Oil properties depend on the ratio of its basic fatty acids: saturated (stearic, palmitic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, linolenic). As a rule, lauric, myristic and palmitoleic acids are determined in minor quantities. The oil of Brassicaceae crops also includes arachidic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, behenic, erucic and lignoceric acids. Fatty acids accumulation is influenced by growing conditions, though it has strict genetic control.

Fatty acid composition of depot fats from gnotobiotic lambs

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat ◽  
P. Kemp ◽  
R. J. Lysons ◽  
T. J. L. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Partial Hydrogenation ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

SUMMARYThe fatty acid composition of the depot fats of lambs reared for 4–5 months under gnotobiotio conditions have been determined and an estimate made of the endogenous synthesis of stearic acid.In an uninoculated gnotobiotic lamb no hydrogenation of dietary lipids occurred in the rumen and this was reflected in the virtual absence oftransacids in depot lipids. In this animal the stearic acid content of perirenal depot fat accounted for 16% of the total fatty acids which was similar to the value found in newborn lambs (17%). Inoculation of the rumen of two gnotobiotic lambs with seven species of bacteria resulted in the establishment of partial hydrogenation processes in the rumen. Varioustransisomers of octadecenoic acids were produced in these lambs from the dietary fatty acids but no stearic acid was formed.These findings are compared with the fatty acid composition of depot fats of other herbivorous and omnivorous animals.

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