scholarly journals Sole and Sequential Application of Herbicide and Straw Mulch on Weed Growth and Productivity of Direct Seeded Rainfed Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
PK Sangramsingh ◽  
Subhaprada Dash
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding

The sole and sequential application of herbicide and straw mulch on weed growth and productivity of rainfed direct seeded rice, were studied with 12 treatments during kharif 2019. Results showed that the application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha registered significantly the lowest weed density and dry weight at 60 DAS; however, it was statistically at par with oxadiargyl fb hand weeding. Weed free check produced the highest grain yield (3.05 t/ha) which was at par with the sequential application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha (2.99 t/ha) and oxadiargyl fb rice hand weeding (2.90 t/ha). Application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha fetched the maximum net return of Rs. 17528/- per ha and return per rupee invested of 1.52. Application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha could be recommended for managing complex weed flora, higher productivity and greater profit in rainfed direct seeded rice cultivation. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 671-677, 2021 (September)

scholarly journals Effect of different mulching materials on weed dynamics and yield of direct seeded rice in Chitwan, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gaire ◽  
KR Dahal ◽  
LP Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

An experiment was carried out at farmers' field to compare the effects of live mulches and herbicide on weed growth and dynamics, yield, and economic performance of direct seeded rice under humid sub-tropical condition at Phulbari, Chitwan in 2009. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of i) control, ii) three hand weeding, iii) herbicide application (bispyribac sodium @ 80 ml/ha) + one hand weeding, iv) wheat straw mulch @ 5t/ha + one hand weeding, v) Eupatorium mulch @ 5t/ha + one hand weeding, vi) brown manuring with Sesbania aculeata @ 30 kg/ha, vii) brown manuring with Sesamum indicum @ 2kg/ha, and viii) brown manuring with Crotolaria juncea @ 30 kg/ha. Weed dry matter accumulation was significantly lower with herbicide application (1.15 g/m2) than wheat straw mulch (6.75 g/m2). The treatments with brown manuring and Eupatorium mulch were found to be equally effective in suppressing the weed growth by reducing both dry matter content and weed density. Application of Eupatorium mulch one day after sowing produced significantly higher grain yield (3.5 t/ha) than control (1.77 t/ha), Sesamum brown manuring (2.97 t/ha) and wheat straw mulch (2.83 t/ha). Yield attributes like effective tillers/m2, panicle length and panicle weight were positively correlated with grain yield (r = 0.540, 0.705, 0.531 and 0.613 respectively). The net profit (Rs. 63.17 x 1000/ha) obtained from the treatment with Eupatorium mulch was higher than other tested treatments. Eupatorium mulch and herbicide application recorded equal benefit cost ratio of 2.4. Cultivation of direct seeded rice with the application of Eupatorium mulch or brown manuring (BM) of Sesamum was found effective for increasing yield and net returns in humid subtropical condition of Chitwan. Live mulching could be an eco-friendly weed control options in DSR. The BM option also provides crop residue for the addition of organic matter. This result suggests that BM is a potential alternative of herbicide application. Either mulching with Eupatorium and wheat straw or growing of Sesbania and Crotolaria as BM with rice up to 30 DAS are advisable to increase productivity with reduced cost of production at Chitwan and similar condition. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 73-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9008

scholarly journals Weed Dynamics and Productivity of Direct Wet Seeded Rice under Different Weed Management Practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vasantha Kokilam ◽  
S. Rathika ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
M. Baskar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

Background: Weeds are the major biotic constraint to reduce the rice productivity in direct wet seeded rice. Weed infestation and competition are severe in direct wet seeded rice as compared to transplanted rice, because of the simultaneous growth of both crops and weeds. The yield loss due to weeds varies from 40 to 100 per cent in direct seeded rice. Use of herbicides either singly or in combination with manual or mechanical weeding in puddled direct seeded rice has been highlighted by several workers. Use of alternative herbicides with wide spectrum control of the weeds in direct seeded puddled rice is the need of the present time. The present study aimed to evaluate different weed management practices in direct wet seeded rice under sodic soil.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during Samba season (Rabi) 2016-17. to evaluate the weed management practices in direct wet seeded rice under sodic soil. The treatments comprised of different combination of weed management practices viz., pre emergence, early post emergence herbicides, mechanical weeding and hand weeding twice were tested. Total weed density and weed dry weight, weed control efficiency, yield parameters and yield of rice were recorded. Result: Among the different weed management practices, the lowest total weed density, total weed dry weight and higher WCE, yield attributes, grain and straw yields were registered under application of PE pyrazosulfuron ethyl 25 g/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha. This was followed by application of PE pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Mulching as an Integrated Weed Management Strategy in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MEHMOOD ◽  
S.U. KHAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A.R. GURMANI ◽  
W. AHMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Black Plastic

ABSTRACT: Weeds affect crop growth, health and yield by competing for resources, and they serve as refuge for insect pests. Mulches of different materials have been found to control weeds and insect pests. A field study was conducted at the village of Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the effect of various mulch materials on weed suppression in maize fields under rain-fed conditions in 2013. Eight mulch materials treatments were used: control (no mulching), wheat straw mulch, dry leaves of eucalyptus, rice straw mulch, grass clippings, living mulch (soybean crop), black plastic mulch and the herbicide Primextra were investigated under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Statistical analysis of data showed maximum reduction in weed density, relative weed density, fresh biomass and dry biomass in all the test species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Primextra and black plastic mulch were used, and this was statistically similar to where rice straw and wheat straw were used. Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass of all weed species were recorded where soybean was intercropped with maize and grass clippings were used. Based on these results, it was inferred that the mulch material of eucalyptus and rice straw can effectively be used for controlling weeds in maize fields under rain-fed conditions.

scholarly journals Performance of sequential herbicides to control weeds in direct seeded rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1324-1328
Author(s):  
Ajay Singh ◽  
D. P. Nandal ◽  
S. S. Punia
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Capital Input ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl

Direct seeded rice is an emerging production technology in India due to less requirement of water, labour and capital input initially. But direct seeded rice face severe infestation of weeds. A field experiment was conducted during the kharif 2012 at Students’ Farm of College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University; Kaul campus (Kaithal) to study the performance of sequential application of herbicides on weed flora in direct seeded rice. The herbicidal treatments included two pre emergence herbicides i.e. pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and oxadiargyl 100 g/ ha and four post emergence herbicides (bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha, fenoxaprop 67 g/ha, ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g/ha and metsulfuron methyl 10% + chlorimuron ethyl 10% WP ready mix (Almix) 4 g/ha). Weed free and weedy check were also included. The results showed that grasses were the dominant weed flora (49 %) followed by sedges (34%) and broad leaf weeds (17%).Sequential application of pendimethalin 1000 g/ha fb bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha and metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl RM (Almix) 4 g/ha gave significantly lower weed density (p=0.05) and higher weed control efficiency which resulted in more number of effective tillers (209.3), filled grains/panicle (83.7) and grain yield (3.97 t/ha).

scholarly journals Impact of Different Seed Rates and Knocking Down Days of Sesbania on Weed Density and Yield of Dry Direct Seeded Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Manisha Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plot Design

The weed is a major constraint of dry-direct seeded rice (DDSR) due to change in establishment methods and shifting weed flora towards competitive grasses and sedges. To minimize the weed density, its species and dry weight with brown manuring and for optimizing the yield of DDSR, the experiment was conducted during monsoon season of 2014 at Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was done using a strip plot design to find the optimum seed rate and killing date of Sesbania under rice-Sesbania co-culture. Among different seed rates (60, 80, 100 kg ha-1) and knocking down days (21, 28, 35 & 42 DAS) of Sesbania, the optimum seed rate of Sesbania was 102 kg ha-1 and killing date was 32 days. The individual plot size was 5 x 4 m2. The growing of Sesbania with 100 kg seeds ha-1 along with its knocked down at 28 DAS was seen best to minimize the weeds having better performance of rice. The experiment clearly demonstrated the importance of brown manuring on effective control of weeds and on grain yield of rice under dry direct seeded rice. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 359-365

Effect of herbicides and herbicide mixtures on weeds in wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhirender Choudhary ◽  
P. K. Singh ◽  
N. K. Chopra ◽  
S. C. Rana
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbicides and their mixtures on weeds in wheat (<italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> L.) cv. PBW-343. Minimum weed density per m<sup>2</sup> and weed dry weight (5.13 and 17.31g) was recorded with sulfosulfuron at 25g ha<sup>−1</sup> followed by clodinofop at 60g + metsulfuron methyl at 4g ha<sup>−1</sup> (5.19 and 18.45g), metribuzin at 200gha<sup>−1</sup>(5.85 and 25.98g), pendimethalin at 1000g fb 2,4-Dat400g ha<sup>−1</sup> (6.49 and 31.73g) and hand weeding twice(7.01 and 35g), respectively. Also, maximum weed control efficiency was recorded under sulfosulfuron at 25g ha<sup>−1</sup> (83.85%) followed by clodinofop at 60g + metsulfuron methyl at 4g ha<sup>−1</sup> (83.17%) and metribuzin at 200g ha<sup>−1</sup> (75.85%), respectively. All the weed control treatments recorded significantly higher harvest index than the weedy check (40.24). Among various herbicidal treatments, application of clodinofop at 60g + metsulfuron methyl at 4g ha<sup>−1</sup> recorded highest harvest index (41.91) followed by sulfosulfuron at 25 gha<sup>−1</sup> (41.83) and pendimethalin at 1000g fb2,4-Dat 400gha<sup>−1</sup> (41.25) respectively. The harvest index recorded under clodinofop at 60g + metsulfuron methyl at 4g ha<sup>−1</sup> and sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha<sup>−1</sup> was significantly at par with weed free (42.06).

Effect of Herbicides on Field Violet (Viola arvensis) in Direct-Seeded Spring Wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory F. Degenhardt ◽  
Dean Spaner ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
William R. Mcgregor ◽  
Linda M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Cereal Fields

The agrestal field violet, a pervasive weed in Europe, has been identified in reduced-tillage cereal fields in Alberta. The efficacy of herbicides in direct-seeded spring wheat was assessed on natural field violet infestations in Alberta in 2002 and 2003. Only fluroxypyr + 2,4-D, applied postemergence, provided control of field violet in 2002 when rainfall was limiting. Over both years, this herbicide combination reduced biomass by 59 to 69% and plant density by 83 to 91%, relative to nontreated plots. The herbicides metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron, and thifensulfuron + tribenuron only suppressed weed growth under drought conditions in 2002 but controlled the weed in 2003 when rainfall was greater, reducing plant density by 82 to 92% and rendering remaining plants sterile. Suppression was also observed with MCPA + mecoprop + dicamba in 2002 and 2003 and with metribuzin only in 2003. Effective control of field violet was conferred by a pre–crop emergence application of glyphosate at 445 g ae/ha in 2003, the only year that this treatment was evaluated. Activity of herbicides on three- to four-leaf seedlings was also evaluated in a greenhouse dose– response assay. All herbicides had greater efficacy in the greenhouse, and those that provided control in situ reduced field violet dry weight by 85% at less than the recommended rate used in field experiments. Management of field violet is possible with herbicides registered for use on spring wheat in Alberta. However, the weed does not appear to cause significant crop production losses; hence, herbicide selection should be based on knowledge of all weed species present within the field.

scholarly journals Effective weed management practices to control complex weed flora in different cultivars of hybrid and high yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Paramita Biswas ◽  
◽  
Ratikanta Ghosh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Control Complex ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during Summer and Kharif seasons of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the effect of hand weeding and Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence on weed management of different varieties of hybrid and high yielding rice. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications for both the years. It has been observed that Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 has a significant effect to control complex weed flora both in hybrid and high yielding varieties of rice but hand weeding twice gave the better result as expected. Among the varieties, the hybrid varieties recorded 36% and 32% more grain yield in Summer and Kharif seasons respectively than high yielding varieties (HYV). The high yielding variety 6444 (V2) showed more grain yield during Summer and Kharif seasons than that of the hybrid 6129 (V1), 97158 (V6), and 96110 (V3), respectively. Regarding weed management, hand weeding twice recorded (13% & 36%) higher grain yield during Summer than that of the chemical treatment and unweeded check, and (20% & 42%) during Kharif seasons respectively. Among the interaction, hand weeding combined with all varieties of hybrid rice recorded higher yield in comparison to other treatment combinations.

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