Psychiatric co-morbidity among patients with primary headache

Headache is the commonest complaint in neurology outpatient departments (OPD) and the co- existence of psychiatric disorders with headache is an established fact. This study was aimed to estimate the proportion of adult headache patients suffering from psychiatric co-morbidity and to see the possible association between headache pattern and psychiatric disorders.This cross sectional study was done among 51 sample of neurology OPD of BSMMU. International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) was used to determine the types of headache and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to diagnose psychiatric disorder. Purposive sampling technique was used and data was collected using face-to-face interview from January, 2015 to June, 2015. New and old cases of primary headache of both sexes who were 15-65 years old were taken as samples. The results found that tension type headache was the commonest type of headache and total 62.7% of headache patients suffered from psychiatric disorder. Among them, 39.2% had depressive disorder and 17.6% had anxiety disorders. Logistic regression revealed that higher duration and frequency of headache was a predictor of having psychiatric comorbidity (OR= 1.7). This small study shows the need of larger research in this issue and also points out the importance of psychiatric intervention for headache patients. Bang J Psychiatry December 2016; 30(2): 32-35

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A cross-sectional study of pain severity in patients suffering from different types of primary headache in the hospital setting

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1740

Author(s):

Sanjay Prasad ◽

Abhay Paliwal ◽

Ram Ghulam Razdan

Keyword(s):

Primary Headache ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Different Types ◽

Type Headache ◽

The Impact

Background: Primary headache disorders including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are of great importance to global public health due to its high prevalence, but very few studies have been conducted to know its prevalence and pain severity of different types of primary headache. Aim of this study was to investigate the subtypes and pain severity of different types of primary headache in hospital setting.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with 200 sample size. Includes patients with Primary headache in department of Psychiatry, MGMMC, Indore. Patient aged between 18-65 years, both gender. Diagnosis of headache was done clinically in accordance with International Classification of Headache disorders (ICHD- 3). Semi-structured headache questionnaire, Comparative pain scale were used for assessment of samples.Results: Among 200 patients, Tension type headache was 73.5%, Migraine was 22%, Mixed headache was in 4.5% patients. Majority of migraine and mixed headache cases had severe pain at 93.2% & 55.6% respectively. Majority of TTH cases had moderate pain in 42.2% patients.Conclusions: Study has shown assessments of severity of pain, can be used to assess the impact of Primary headache on patient’s quality of life.

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Headache Prevalence Among Adolescents — The German DMKG Headache Study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01289.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

K Fendrich ◽

M Vennemann ◽

V Pfaffenrath ◽

S Evers ◽

A May ◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Headache Society ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

Ihs Criteria ◽

Probable Migraine ◽

Type Headache

This population-based cross-sectional study examined the 3-month prevalence of headache, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) among adolescents aged 12-15 years in Germany Students ( n = 3324) from 20 schools completed a questionnaire on general and headache-specific pain which included a sociodemographic module. The headache-specific questionnaire complied with the respective revised criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). 'Modified criteria' changed the item 'duration' in migraine (>30 min instead of >4 h). The overall 3-month prevalence of headache was 69.4% (boys 59.5%, girls 78.9%), with 4.4% of the adolescents suffering from frequent (≥ 14 days/3 months) and severe (grade 8-10 on a 10-point visual analogue scale) headache and 1.4% (boys 0.9%, girls 1.9%) from headache ≥15 days/month. The 3-month prevalence of migraine was 2.6% (boys 1.6%, girls 3.5%) applying strict IHS criteria and 6.9% (boys 4.4%, girls 9.3%) with modified criteria; 12.6% (boys 8.3%, girls 16.7%) suffered from probable migraine, 0.07% fulfilled the criteria for chronic migraine, 4.5% (boys 4.6%, girls 4.3%) suffered from TTH, 0.2% from chronic TTH and 15.7% (boys 14.5%, girls 16.9%) from probable TTH. Headache and migraine were more common in girls than in boys and in teenagers, especially in girls, aiming at higher education. Recurrent headache and primary headache disorders are common complaints among German adolescents, especially among girls.

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Assessment of Headache Among High School Students in Jordan

The Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.1177/1059840517734613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammed ALBashtawy ◽

Mohammad Al Qadire ◽

Sami Aloush ◽

Loai Tawalbeh ◽

Manar AlAzzam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Care Providers ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Headache

Headache is considered one of the most common complaints affecting all ages: children, adolescents, and adults. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess primary headache among high school students aged 16–18 in Grades 11–12, over a period of 3 weeks (May 2017). A questionnaire was designed, in accordance with the International Headache Society’s criteria. The Pearson’s χ2 test was computed to show the differences between the variables. Nearly two thirds of the students reported having headache (19.0% tension-type headache, 8.8% migraine, and 39.0% unknown type). Nearly a quarter sought help for headache, and the most frequently used analgesic was acetaminophen (82.2%) followed by aspirin (5.1%). The current study revealed that the prevalence of headache and migraine was initially high and increased with age. Moreover, headache is one of the major public health problems among high school students. An education program conducted by school nurses and other health-care providers regarding headache and migraine is needed.

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Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: A population study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102414535110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 211-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Sait Ashina ◽

Lars Bendtsen ◽

Ann C Lyngberg ◽

Richard B Lipton ◽

Nazrin Hajiyeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neck Pain ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Headache ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

Reported Data

Background We assessed the prevalence of neck pain in the population in relation to headache. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a total of 797 individuals completed a headache interview and provided self-reported data on neck pain. We identified migraine, TTH or both migraine and TTH (M+TTH) groups. Pericranial tenderness was recorded in 496 individuals. A total tenderness score (TTS) was calculated as the sum of local scores with a maximum score of 48. Results The one-year prevalence of neck pain was 68.4% and higher in those with vs. without primary headache (85.7% vs. 56.7%; adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0–4.4, p < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender, education and poor self-rated health, in comparison with those without headaches, the prevalence of neck pain (56.7%) was significantly higher in those with M+TTH (89.3%), pure TTH (88.4%) and pure migraine (76.2%) ( p < 0.05 for all three group comparisons). Individuals with neck pain had higher TTS than individuals without neck pain (15.1 ± 10.5 vs. 8.4 ± 8.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions Neck pain is highly prevalent in the general population and even more prevalent in individuals with primary headaches. Prevalence is highest in coexistent M+TTH, followed by pure TTH and migraine. Myofascial tenderness is significantly increased in individuals with neck pain.

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Coronavirus disease-19 and headache; impact on pre-existing and characteristics of de novo: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Headache and Pain ◽

10.1186/s10194-021-01314-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jasem Youssef Al-Hashel ◽

Fathi Abokalawa ◽

Maram Alenzi ◽

Raed Alroughani ◽

Samar Farouk Ahmed

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

Male Patients ◽

Type Headache

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Headache is a common symptom during and after Coronavirus disease-19. We aimed to study headache character in relation to COVID-19. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients who had Coronavirus disease-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique and presented to the headache clinic within 3 months after the onset of infections were identified to the study. Study included patients diagnosed as primary headache disorders according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Participants were grouped into categories according to having previous or de novo headache. Descriptive data, paired sample t-test and the chi-squared test (X2) were used for statistical analyses of the data. Results A total of 121 patients were included in this study. Their mean age was 35.29 + 9.54 and most of them were females (83.5%). Prior to Coronavirus disease-19 infections, 78 (64.5%) had migraine and 11(9.1%) experienced a tension-type headache while 32 (26.4) reported de novo headache post Coronavirus disease-19. Patient had significant increase in headache days 11.09 ± 8.45 post Coronavirus disease-19 compared with 8.66 ± 7.49 headache days before Coronavirus disease-19 infection (p < 0.006). Post Coronavirus disease-19, the usage of analgesic increased significantly by the patient with migraine (2.31 ± 1.65 vs 3.05 ± 2.09, p = 0.002) while the patient with tension type headache had statistically significant increase in severity (5.556 ± 1.86 vs 7 ± 2.25, p = 0.033) and frequency (7 ± 6.29 vs 12.72 ± 7.96, p = 0.006) of headache attacks. Bi-frontal and temporal headache are the most reported (40.6% each) headache site among de novo headache group. Patients younger than 40 years had longer duration of the headache attack (18.50 ± 16.44 vs 5.5 ± 9.07, p = 0.045) post COVID-19. Male patients compared to females (8.66 ± 1.15 versus 5.93 ± 2.01 p = 0.04) had more severe headache post Coronavirus disease-19. De novo headache resolved within 1 month in most of patients (65.3%). Conclusion Primary headache get worse after Coronavirus disease-19. De novo primary headache is frequent post Coronavirus disease-19 and resolve within 1 month. Headaches related to Coronavirus disease-19 are severe, present as migraine phenotype. Young male patients with Coronavirus disease-19 tend to have worse headache.

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Frequency of headache among the employees of a rubber company in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802011000200003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. 66-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana Stuginski-Barbosa ◽

José Geraldo Speciali

Keyword(s):

Primary Headache ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

São Paulo ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Daily Headache ◽

Migraine Group ◽

Type Headache

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Primary headaches may be responsible for absenteeism and a fall in the yield and productivity of work. The aim of this study was to establish the presence and frequency of primary headache among employees of a rubber shoe sole company, and its link to absenteism. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study carried out with help from the staff of the medical and social department of a rubber factory located in the municipality of Franca, São Paulo. METHOD: A questionnaire on headache characteristics was distributed to all employees. The returned and completed questionnaires were divided into two groups: with and without reports of headache. The headaches were classified into four main groups: migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), cluster headache and others. In terms of the reported frequency, headaches were also classified as chronic daily headache (CDH). RESULTS: The number of valid questionnaires was 392 (59%); 80.9% were from male and 19.1% from female employees. Headaches were reported by 120 subjects (30.6%), with 17.4% belonging to the migraine group and 8.9% to the TTH group. Migraine was more frequent (p < 0.001) among all participants and also among the women (p < 0.05). TTH was more frequent among the men (p < 0.05). CDH was identified in 14 individuals (3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Headache was a common problem among the employees of this company and was a cause of absenteeism for 8.7% of the respondents to the questionnaire.

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KORELASI KECEMASAN DENGAN JENIS TENSION TYPE HEADACHE PADA MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN ANGKATAN 2019 DI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

Human Care Journal ◽

10.32883/hcj.v5i3.766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 597

Author(s):

Dian Pertiwi Alty ◽

Restu Susanti ◽

Nita Afriani

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Headache Disorder ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Headache

Tension type headache is the most common primary headache. Tension type headache can be triggered by anxiety. Anxiety often occurs in medical students, especially in new students. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between anxiety and tension-type headache among medical students batch 2019 in Andalas University. This was an analytic study using cross-sectional design. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling technique and we obtained sample from 79 respondents. Headache diagnosis was based on the consensus of PERDOSSI 2018 which in accordance with International Classification of Headache Disorder 3rd Edition (Beta version). Anxiety was diagnosed by using Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety questionnaire that had been validated. The correlation between variabels was analyzed using Spearman Rho test. The results of univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondent were women (69,6%). The most common anxiety category was mild anxiety (57%). The most common tension-type headache type was infrequent type (62%). The results of bivariate analysis showed 8 sample (34,8%) which experienced moderate-severe anxiety had infrequent tension-type headache and 41 samples (73,2 %) which experienced mild anxiety also had infrequent tension type headache. This study showed that anxiety was positively correlated with tension-type headache (r=0,327 p=0.003)

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Anxiety sensitivity and headache: Diagnostic differences, impact, and relations with perceived headache triggers

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102414557840 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 710-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Todd A Smitherman ◽

Rachel E Davis ◽

A Brooke Walters ◽

John Young ◽

Timothy T Houle

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Linear Models ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bodily Sensations ◽

Type Headache ◽

Pain Patients ◽

Episodic Migraineurs

Background Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the fear of arousal-related bodily sensations due to beliefs about presumed harmful consequences, predicts fear and avoidance among musculoskeletal pain patients but remains largely unexplored in headache. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate AS among young adult migraine and tension-type headache sufferers and to assess relations with headache impact and perceived susceptibility to headache triggers. Methods A total of 2350 young adults (72.6% with primary headache; 64.9% female; 22.5% minority) completed measures of AS and headache symptomatology. Generalized linear models assessed relations between AS and ICHD-II diagnosis, headache-related disability, and perceived trigger susceptibility. Canonical correlation analyses quantified relations with headache symptomatology. Results AS reliably differentiated headache sufferers from those without headache, being highest among chronic migraineurs and episodic migraineurs with aura. AS accounted for 8.4% of variance in headache symptomatology and was most strongly associated with prototypical migraine symptoms. AS predicted headache-related disability and trigger variables, even after controlling for headache frequency and severity. AS accounted for more unique variance in disability than depression and anxiety symptoms combined. Conclusions AS predicts pain itself, adjustment to pain, and evaluation of factors influencing pain among primary headache sufferers, even after controlling for headache burden. Further study of AS among headache patients is warranted.

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The prevalence and severity of insomnia in university students and their associations with migraine, tension-type headache, anxiety and depression disorders: a cross-sectional study

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tathiana Corrêa Rangel ◽

Maria Cristina Falcão Raposo ◽

Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depression Disorders ◽

Type Headache

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Prevalence and characteristics of headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus (HICS): A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102419884938 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 299-306

Author(s):

Torsten Kraya ◽

Malte Schulz-Ehlbeck ◽

Philipp Burow ◽

Stefan Watzke ◽

Stephan Zierz

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cold Stimulus ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Accompanying Symptoms ◽

Type Headache

Background Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus (HICS), colloquially called ice-cream headache, is a common form of a primary headache in adults and children. However, previous studies on adults are limited due to the small number of patients. Furthermore, most of the subjects in previous studies had a history of other primary headaches. Methods Biographic data, clinical criteria of HICS and prevalence of primary headache were collected by a standardized questionnaire. A total of 1213 questionnaires were distributed; the return rate was 51.9% (n = 629); 618 questionnaires could be analyzed. Results In a cohort of 618 people aged between 17–63 years (females: n = 426, 68.9%), the prevalence of HICS was 51.3% (317 out of 618). There was no difference between men and women (51.3% vs. 51.6%). The duration of HICS was shorter than 30 sec in 92.7%. In the HICS group, localization of the pain was occipital in 17%. Trigemino-autonomic symptoms occurred in 22%, and visual phenomena (e.g. flickering lights, spots or lines) were reported by 18% of the HICS group. The pain intensity, but not the prevalence of HICS, was higher when tension-type headache and migraine or both were present as co-morbid primary headaches (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 4.58 and 6.54, p = 0.006). There was no higher risk of participants with migraine getting HICS than for those who did not have migraine (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–1.83; p = 0.496). Conclusion The results of this study modified the current criteria for HICS in the ICHD-3 regarding duration and localization. In addition, accompanying symptoms in about one fifth of the participants are not mentioned in the ICHD-3. Neither migraine nor tension-type headache seems to be a risk factor for HICS. However, accompanying symptoms in HICS are more frequent in subjects with another primary headache than in those without such a headache.

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