scholarly journals Morpho-molecular characterization of Ceratobasidium sp.: A mycorrhizal fungi isolated from a rare epiphytic orchid Gastrochilus calceolaris (J. E. Sm.) D. Don

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Mohammad Musharof Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
Hyphal Diameter

A mycorrhizal fungus, Ceratobasidium sp. GC (NCBI Gene Bank Accession no GQ369961) associated with the roots of an epiphytic orchid Gastrochilus calceolaris was investigated by cultural morphology, microscopic features and molecular analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The colony appearance of the fungal endophyte was fluffy growth pattern and the colour of the young colony was milky white on both surfaces that turned in to brown at maturity on the upper surface and deep brown on reverse surface. The microscopic features of the fungus i.e. hyphal diameter, multi-nucleate vegetative cells, right angle branching pattern with slight constriction at branching point and a dolipore septum near the branching point were observed. All the characters corroborated the identity with anamorphic Rhizoctonia like fungi. The ITS regions sequences of nrDNA and phylogenetic analysis based on the neighbor-joining method showed clustered with Rhizoctonia like fungi, and the maximum identity (98.28%) with Ceratobasidium RR and Ceratobasidium FPUB isolated from Rhynchostylis retusa and Dactylorrhiza hetagera, respectively. Thus, the ITS of nrDNA sequences validated the morphological data. This is the first report of orchid mycorrhizal fungi from Bangladesh.

Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungus from an epiphytic orchid (Rhynchostylis retusa L. Bl.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
MS Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
Kazi Shakhawath Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Method ◽  
Microscopic Features

Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of Rhynchostylis retusa indicated that the cultural and microscopic features, namely colony appearance, colony colour, diameter of vegetative hyphae, presence of monilioid cells, right angle branching pattern of the fungal endophyte corroborated the identity of the fungus Rhizoctonia like anamorphs of Ceratobasidium species. Fungal identity was further confirmed through sequencing and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). ITS sequence of the isolate RhY10A6 (accession no. MN120903.1) showed > 99% similarity with several isolates of the teleomorphic fungus Ceratobasidium sp. in NCBI mega blast search. The phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony method, this orchid mycorrhizal fungus clustered with several isolates of Ceratobasidium sp. or Rhizoctonia like fungi. It showed near distant relation with Ceratobasidium ramicola (GeneBank accession no. NR_138368.1) which is an orchid mycorrhizal fungus. Therefore, molecular characterization validated the morphological data. The techniques established in this orchid will facilitate to isolate and accurate identification of mycorrhizal fungus.

scholarly journals The Fungal Endophyte Serendipita williamsii Does Not Affect Phosphorus Status But Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Anna M. Hallasgo ◽  
Bernhard Spangl ◽  
Siegrid Steinkellner ◽  
Karin Hage-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Dual Inoculation

Some members of the root endophytic Serendipitaceae were observed to frequently coexist with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but their interactions and potential synergistic effects in plants have not yet been well elucidated. Here, we inoculated three-week-old tomato seedlings with Serendipita indica or Serendipita williamsii alone or in combination with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and cultivated the plants in a greenhouse until the late vegetative stage. Our data show that the simultaneous presence of Serendipita spp. did not affect root colonization by AMF, proving the feasibility of their combination for future agronomic uses. The photosynthetic performance was enhanced in AM tomato plants, although growth remained unresponsive following single or dual inoculation with Serendipita spp. and AMF. With regard to nutrient status under dual inoculation, AMF-induced phosphorus increases remained unaffected, but nitrogen and carbon dynamics were highly altered. Specifically, the application of S. williamsii to mycorrhizal tomato plants significantly enhanced nitrogen concentration in the shoots, but this effect was also compensated with a carbon cost. Our findings indicate that S. williamsii performs differently from S. indica when co-inoculated with AMF, and this suggests an unknown mechanism that needs more detailed investigation.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

scholarly journals Combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and production of Helianthus tuberosus under field condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaiporn Nacoon ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nuntavun Riddech ◽  
Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽  
Jindarat Ekprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractIn this work, the effects of co-inoculation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to promote the growth and production of sunchoke under field condition were investigated during 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were set up as follows: plants without inoculation, with AMF inoculation, with PSB inoculation and with co-inoculation of PSB and AMF. The results showed the presence of PSB and AMF colonization at the harvest stage in both years. This suggested the survival of PSB and successful AMF colonization throughout the experiments. According to correlation analysis, PSB positively affected AMF spore density and colonization rate. Also, both AMF and PSB positively correlated with growth and production of sunchoke. Co-inoculation could enhance various plant parameters. However, better results in 2016 were found in co-inoculation treatment, while AMF inoculation performed the best in 2017. All of these results suggested that our AMF and PSB could effectively promote growth and production of sunchoke under field conditions. Such effects were varied due to different environmental conditions each year. Note that this is the first study showing successful co-inoculation of AMF and PSB for promoting growth and yield of sunchoke in the real cultivation fields.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

Acrocordiella omanensis sp. nov. (Requienellaceae, Xylariales) from the Sultanate of Oman

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 338 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
REKHANI H. PERERA ◽  
ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Al Jabal Al Akhdar ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

Acrocordiella omanensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens on dead stem of Juniper sp. collected in Al Jabal al-Akhdar (Green Mountain), Sultanate of Oman. It strongly resembles Acrocordiella occulta, the type of the genus, in its similar asci and ascospore anatomy. It differs from A. occulta in having bell-shaped to cap-like clypeus around the ostiole and larger asci and ascospores. The combined large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences support the conclusions based on the morphological data.

In vitro culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Frankia for inoculation of micropropagated Casuarina equisetifolia L.

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1391-1397
Author(s):  
Genevieve Louise Mark ◽  
John E Hooker ◽  
Alexander Hahn ◽  
Chris T Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Micropropagated, rooted, and calli explants of Casuarina equisetifolia L. were inoculated with Frankia UGL 020605S and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae, in single and dual co-culture, in vitro. Different micropropagation media formulations were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate germination of G. mosseae spores and growth of Frankia. Murashige and Skoog basal nutrient (half strength) medium, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and pyruvate was selected for the in vitro co-culture of C. equisetifolia callus explants, G. mosseae, and Frankia. This medium (M4) supported 70% AMF spore germination with 44 and 34% of the germinating spores producing single and branched hyphal strands, respectively. Hoaglands (quarter strength, modified by Hoaglands and Arnon (1950)) nutrient medium (M5) with no supplements was selected for the in vitro co-culture of rooted C. equisetifolia explants, G. mosseae, and Frankia and supported 57% AMF spore germination with 29 and 40% of the germinating spores producing single and branched hyphal strands, respectively. Both media supported significant growth of Frankia. In both cases agar was substituted with Terragreen(r). AMF appressoria and intercellular hyphae were observed in rooted C. equisetifolia at 28 days; arbuscule formation occurred at 56 days postinoculation. Frankia infection was evident after 28 days. This was observed in both dual and single in vitro co-cultures. No specific immunofluorescent or immunogold reactions to monoclonal antibodies (mABs) anti-Frankia < 8C5 > and anti-G. mosseae < F5G5 > were evident in C. equisetifolia callus explants.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Frankia, Casuarina, micropropagation, immunofluorescent labelling.

Effects of forest litter on mycorrhiza development and growth of Douglas-fir and western red cedar seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Parke ◽  
R. G. Llnderman ◽  
J. M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Slash Burning

Preparation of forest regeneration sites prior to conifer planting often includes slash burning or physical removal of soil organic matter. Experiments were conducted to determine if organic matter contributes to the mycorrhizal fungus inoculum potential in forest soils and to compare the growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western red cedar (Thujaplicata J. Donn ex D. Donn) seedlings with and without litter. Litter and humus were found to include inoculum of both vesicular–arbuscular (VA) and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Litter amendment usually enhanced growth of host seedlings, but growth enhancement could not be fully attributed to addition of mycorrhizal inoculum or nutrients provided by litter. These findings suggested that other biological factors stimulated the growth of conifer seedlings and (or) activity of mycorrhizal fungi.

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