Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungus from an epiphytic orchid (Rhynchostylis retusa L. Bl.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
MS Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
Kazi Shakhawath Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Method ◽  
Microscopic Features

Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of Rhynchostylis retusa indicated that the cultural and microscopic features, namely colony appearance, colony colour, diameter of vegetative hyphae, presence of monilioid cells, right angle branching pattern of the fungal endophyte corroborated the identity of the fungus Rhizoctonia like anamorphs of Ceratobasidium species. Fungal identity was further confirmed through sequencing and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). ITS sequence of the isolate RhY10A6 (accession no. MN120903.1) showed > 99% similarity with several isolates of the teleomorphic fungus Ceratobasidium sp. in NCBI mega blast search. The phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony method, this orchid mycorrhizal fungus clustered with several isolates of Ceratobasidium sp. or Rhizoctonia like fungi. It showed near distant relation with Ceratobasidium ramicola (GeneBank accession no. NR_138368.1) which is an orchid mycorrhizal fungus. Therefore, molecular characterization validated the morphological data. The techniques established in this orchid will facilitate to isolate and accurate identification of mycorrhizal fungus.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular characterization of Ceratobasidium sp.: A mycorrhizal fungi isolated from a rare epiphytic orchid Gastrochilus calceolaris (J. E. Sm.) D. Don

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Mohammad Musharof Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
Hyphal Diameter

A mycorrhizal fungus, Ceratobasidium sp. GC (NCBI Gene Bank Accession no GQ369961) associated with the roots of an epiphytic orchid Gastrochilus calceolaris was investigated by cultural morphology, microscopic features and molecular analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The colony appearance of the fungal endophyte was fluffy growth pattern and the colour of the young colony was milky white on both surfaces that turned in to brown at maturity on the upper surface and deep brown on reverse surface. The microscopic features of the fungus i.e. hyphal diameter, multi-nucleate vegetative cells, right angle branching pattern with slight constriction at branching point and a dolipore septum near the branching point were observed. All the characters corroborated the identity with anamorphic Rhizoctonia like fungi. The ITS regions sequences of nrDNA and phylogenetic analysis based on the neighbor-joining method showed clustered with Rhizoctonia like fungi, and the maximum identity (98.28%) with Ceratobasidium RR and Ceratobasidium FPUB isolated from Rhynchostylis retusa and Dactylorrhiza hetagera, respectively. Thus, the ITS of nrDNA sequences validated the morphological data. This is the first report of orchid mycorrhizal fungi from Bangladesh.

scholarly journals The Fungal Endophyte Serendipita williamsii Does Not Affect Phosphorus Status But Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Anna M. Hallasgo ◽  
Bernhard Spangl ◽  
Siegrid Steinkellner ◽  
Karin Hage-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Dual Inoculation

Some members of the root endophytic Serendipitaceae were observed to frequently coexist with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but their interactions and potential synergistic effects in plants have not yet been well elucidated. Here, we inoculated three-week-old tomato seedlings with Serendipita indica or Serendipita williamsii alone or in combination with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and cultivated the plants in a greenhouse until the late vegetative stage. Our data show that the simultaneous presence of Serendipita spp. did not affect root colonization by AMF, proving the feasibility of their combination for future agronomic uses. The photosynthetic performance was enhanced in AM tomato plants, although growth remained unresponsive following single or dual inoculation with Serendipita spp. and AMF. With regard to nutrient status under dual inoculation, AMF-induced phosphorus increases remained unaffected, but nitrogen and carbon dynamics were highly altered. Specifically, the application of S. williamsii to mycorrhizal tomato plants significantly enhanced nitrogen concentration in the shoots, but this effect was also compensated with a carbon cost. Our findings indicate that S. williamsii performs differently from S. indica when co-inoculated with AMF, and this suggests an unknown mechanism that needs more detailed investigation.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

scholarly journals Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Thuan Duc Lao ◽  
Hanh Van Trinh ◽  
Loi Vuong ◽  
Luyen Tien Vu ◽  
Thuy Ai Huyen Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Method ◽  
Cordyceps Cicadae ◽  
High Bootstrap

Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus T011, parasitizing on nymph of Cicada, collected in the coffee garden in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, was preliminarily morphologically identified as Isaria cicadae, belonged to order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae. To ensure the authenticity of T011, phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated set of multiple genes including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 was applied to support the identification. Genomic DNA was isolated from dried sample T011. The PCR assay sequencing was applied to amplify ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 gene. For phylogenetic analysis, the concatenated data of both target gens were constructed with MEGAX with a 1,000 replicate bootstrap based on the neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony method. As the result, the concatenated data containing 62 sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, families Clavicipitaceae, and 2 outgroup sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, genus Verticillium. The phylogenetic analysis results indicated that T011 was accepted at subclade Cordyceps and significantly formed the monophyletic group with referent Cordyceps cicadae (Telemorph of Isaria cicadae) with high bootstrap value. The phylogenetically analyzed result was strongly supported by our morphological analysis described as the Isaria cicadae. In summary, phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated dataset were successfully applied to strengthen the identification of T011 as Isaria cicadae.

Isolation and identification of hydroxamate siderophores of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi

BioMetals ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Haselwandter ◽  
Barbara Dobernigg ◽  
Werner Beck ◽  
G�nther Jung ◽  
Alexander Cansier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Hydroxamate Siderophores

Pl@ntwood: A Computer-Assisted Identification Tool for 110 species of amazon trees based on wood Anatomical Features

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sarmiento ◽  
Pierre Détienne ◽  
Christine Heinz ◽  
Jean-François Molino ◽  
Pierre Grard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
System A ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
On Line ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Identification Tool

Sustainable management and conservation of tropical trees and forests require accurate identification of tree species. Reliable, user-friendly identification tools based on macroscopic morphological features have already been developed for various tree floras. Wood anatomical features provide also a considerable amount of information that can be used for timber traceability, certification and trade control. Yet, this information is still poorly used, and only a handful of experts are able to use it for plant species identification. Here, we present an interactive, user-friendly tool based on vector graphics, illustrating 99 states of 27 wood characters from 110 Amazonian tree species belonging to 34 families. Pl@ntWood is a graphical identification tool based on the IDAO system, a multimedia approach to plant identification. Wood anatomical characters were selected from the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification, which will enable us to easily extend this work to a larger number of species. A stand-alone application has been developed and an on-line version will be delivered in the near future. Besides allowing non-specialists to identify plants in a user-friendly interface, this system can be used with different purposes such as teaching, conservation, management, and selftraining in the wood anatomy of tropical species.

scholarly journals Combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and production of Helianthus tuberosus under field condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaiporn Nacoon ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nuntavun Riddech ◽  
Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽  
Jindarat Ekprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractIn this work, the effects of co-inoculation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to promote the growth and production of sunchoke under field condition were investigated during 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were set up as follows: plants without inoculation, with AMF inoculation, with PSB inoculation and with co-inoculation of PSB and AMF. The results showed the presence of PSB and AMF colonization at the harvest stage in both years. This suggested the survival of PSB and successful AMF colonization throughout the experiments. According to correlation analysis, PSB positively affected AMF spore density and colonization rate. Also, both AMF and PSB positively correlated with growth and production of sunchoke. Co-inoculation could enhance various plant parameters. However, better results in 2016 were found in co-inoculation treatment, while AMF inoculation performed the best in 2017. All of these results suggested that our AMF and PSB could effectively promote growth and production of sunchoke under field conditions. Such effects were varied due to different environmental conditions each year. Note that this is the first study showing successful co-inoculation of AMF and PSB for promoting growth and yield of sunchoke in the real cultivation fields.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Subkhan Mahulette ◽  
Anggra Alfian ◽  
ABDUL KARIM KILKODA ◽  
IMELDA JEANETTE LAWALATA ◽  
DESSY ARIYANI MARASABESSY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Spore Number ◽  
Total Spore Count

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.

scholarly journals Deep learning and taphonomy: high accuracy in the classification of cut marks made on fleshed and defleshed bones using convolutional neural networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas ◽  
Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Immense Potential

AbstractAccurate identification of bone surface modifications (BSM) is crucial for the taphonomic understanding of archaeological and paleontological sites. Critical interpretations of when humans started eating meat and animal fat or when they started using stone tools, or when they occupied new continents or interacted with predatory guilds impinge on accurate identifications of BSM. Until now, interpretations of Plio-Pleistocene BSM have been contentious because of the high uncertainty in discriminating among taphonomic agents. Recently, the use of machine learning algorithms has yielded high accuracy in the identification of BSM. A branch of machine learning methods based on imaging, computer vision (CV), has opened the door to a more objective and accurate method of BSM identification. The present work has selected two extremely similar types of BSM (cut marks made on fleshed an defleshed bones) to test the immense potential of artificial intelligence methods. This CV approach not only produced the highest accuracy in the classification of these types of BSM until present (95% on complete images of BSM and 88.89% of images of only internal mark features), but it also has enabled a method for determining which inconspicuous microscopic features determine successful BSM discrimination. The potential of this method in other areas of taphonomy and paleobiology is enormous.

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