scholarly journals Morphological Variations of the Liver in Autopsies of the Iranian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohammadi ◽  
Arya Hadjazi ◽  
Maryam Sajjadian ◽  
Hamid Attaran ◽  
Maryam Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left Liver Lobe ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width

Knowledge about the variations in liver is essential for surgeons and radiologists, so as to prevent wrong interpretation and diagnosis. So far, no data are available on the standard characteristics of normal liver in the Iranian population. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the standard data of a normal liver including weight, length, width, thickness and lobes variations of the liver of Iranians. This cross sectional study was perfomed on 600 cadavers in Mashhad Legal Medicine Center in 2016. After obtaining demographic characteristics of cadavers, the weight, length, width, thickness and variations of the liver lobes were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The mean values of the liver length, width, thickness, weight, and index of the liver were 23.56 ± 16.37 cm, 14.18 ± 3.49 cm, 6.53 ± 1.71cm, 1357.59 ± 381.5 g and 25.44 ± 47.72 respectively. The average length of the portal vein was 5.73±1.56 cm, while the average diameter of the portal vein was 8.90 ± 2.23 mm. Based on Netter's anatomy, most livers (56.7%) were Type III (saddle like liver) and the lowest number of livers (2.2%) were Type II (left liver lobe atrophy). Although, the dimensions and weight of the liver was more in men than women, but except for the portal vein diameter, there was no statistically significant difference between the sexes in other values. There were significant differences between the dimensions of the liver with age, body weight and BMI. Investigation of liver morphological characteristics is useful for surgeons as well as anatomists. Besides, it includes the standard data of anthropometry in the Iranian population.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Spleen in Iranian Cadavers from Razavi-Khorasan Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohammadi ◽  
Arya Hedjazi ◽  
Maryam Sajjadian ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Kebriaei ◽  
Maliheh Dadgar Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Accessory Spleen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Anthropologic parameters of the spleen are important because many diseases present with reduction or enlargement of the spleen. No data exists about the standard dimensions of the normal spleen in Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate anthropologic parameters of the spleen in Iranian cadavers.  In 2014-2015, this cross sectional study was undertaken from the Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. Iranian cadavers (n=693, 152 female/541 male) with no history of poisoning, drug or alcohol addiction, no gross abnormality and injury of the spleen were included in the study. The length, width and thickness of spleen were measured using a Vernier caliper. The mean values of the demographic data were age= 40.28 ± 20.97 years; weight = 63.68 ± 17.40 kg; height = 160.03 ± 28.45 cm and BMI = 25.03 ± 20.46 kg/m2. The mean values of the spleen length, width, thickness, notch, weight and index in the cadavers were 11.32 ± 3.10 cm, 8.05 ± 2.35 cm, 20.12 ± 9.21 mm, 0.84 ± 1.35, 123.87 ± 82.46 g, and 2.01 ± 1.40, respectively. Accessory spleen was found in five cadavers. The anthropologic parameters of the spleen showed significant difference between males and females except for index of the spleen.  Having standard data on the spleen is useful for radiologists, surgeons, anatomists and anthropologists. The results of the study may provide valuable data in the standardization of the anthropologic parameters of the spleen in the Iranian population.

Prevalence of Malocclusion in Patients with Thalassemia Major: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Namdar ◽  
Atena Shiva ◽  
Tahura Etezadi ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani Charati ◽  
Hossein Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
And Gender

Background: Iran lies in the world's thalassemia belt; accordingly, the beta‐thalassemia gene is carried by 4% of the Iranian population. Due to the dearth of research and literature available on the prevalence of malocclusions in the Iranian population with beta-thalassemia major, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of facial abnormalities among patients who were referred to Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Sari, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with thalassemia major who were referred to the care unit of Bu-Ali Sina teaching and therapeutic Hospital, Sari, Iran, in 2018. The patients were then visited by a trained dentist who had been given the necessary theoretical and practical training. Malocclusion was classified based on Angle's classification. Spacing, overcrowding, overjet, and overbite were measured, and the distances were recorded based on a checklist. Results: The prevalence of malocclusions obtained was 87.5%, which included malocclusions of Class I (34%), Class II (31%), and Classes III (22%) amongst patients. There was no significant relationship between the type of malocclusion and gender (P = 0.77). Moreover, no significant difference was observed among patients with thalassemia major and different classes of malocclusions in terms of age both in males (P = 0.49) and females (P = 0.58). Conclusions: Malocclusions are common among adolescents and adults with thalassemia, which is not associated with age or gender. Therefore, patients should be regularly visited and followed up by a dentist to manage and control their dental problems. In addition, effective and preventive measures, as well as health education should be seriously considered in these patients.

Comparison of liver hemodynamics according to doppler ultrasonography in alcoholic patients subtyped by Cloninger classification and non-alcoholic healthy subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Z. Sumru Cosar ◽  
Behcet Cosar ◽  
Suna Oktar ◽  
Zehra Arikan ◽  
Hakan Özdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:The aim of this study was to search for morphological and hemodynamic changes in hepatic and splanchnic vasculature in alcoholic patients without the signs of hepatic damage and subtyped by Cloninger classification by means of sonography, and compare the subtypes among themselves and with nonalcoholic healthy subjects.Methods:Thirty alcohol dependent patients and 30 healthy subjects with no alcohol problem or hepatic impairment were included in the study. Patients were subtyped by Cloninger classification and all patients were evaluated by gray-scale and spectral Doppler ultrasound. The diameter of the portal vein, portal venous velocity, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of hepatic and superior mesenteric arteries were assessed. RI, PI and systolic/diastolic velocity ratios were also calculated.Results:Portal vein diameter (PV diameter), portal vein cross sectional area (PV area), portal vein velocity (PV PSV), hepatic artery peak systolic velocity (HA PSV), hepatic artery end diastolic velocity (HA EDV), hepatic artery resistive index (HA RI), hepatic artery pulsatility index (HA PI), and systolic/diastolic velocity ratios (HA S/D), superior mesenteric artery peak systolic velocity (SMA PSV), superior mesenteric artery end diastolic velocity (SMA EDV), superior mesenteric artery resistive indices (SMA RI), pulsatility index (SMA PI), and systolic/diastolic velocity rates (SMA S/D) showed no significant difference among the groups (P > 0.01). Although there is no significant difference in PV PSV, HA PSV, SMA PSV, SMA EDV values between the groups, mean values of Type II alcoholics is greater than other groups. Portal vein cross-sectional area was greater in alcoholic patients (Type I, II and III) compared to the control group (P = 0.000). Portal vein velocity, hepatic artery peak systolic and end diastolic velocity, superior mesenteric artery peak systolic and end diastolic velocity were significantly greater in alcoholic patients than in the control group (P < 0.001). No statistical difference was detected between other parameters evaluated.Conclusion:In alcohol dependent patients, some hemodynamic and morphologic changes occur in hepatic and splanchnic circulation, even before the signs of hepatic damage develop, which can be detected by means of Doppler and gray-scale sonography. But as there is no significant difference between the Doppler ultrasonographic findings among alcoholics subtyped by a Cloninger classification, which is a clinical classification, it suggests that psychiatric classification doesn't show any correlation with biological parameters, and because of this Cloninger classification a psychiatric classification cannot be considered as a characteristic determinative factor in the prognosis of hepatic disorder due to alcohol use. However, higher values of Type II alcoholics can be attributed to the longer alcohol intake of this subtype.

Association Between High-Risk Medication Usage and Healthcare Facility-Onset C. difficile Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Patterson ◽  
Michael B. Edmond ◽  
Samuel F. Hohmann ◽  
Amy L. Pakyz
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Of Therapy ◽  
Patient Mix

OBJECTIVENational hospital performance measures for C. difficile infection (CD) are available; comparing antibacterial use among performance levels can aid in identifying effective antimicrobial stewardship strategies to reduce CDI rates.DESIGNHospital-level, cross-sectional analysis.METHODSHospital characteristics (ie, demographics, medications, patient mix) were obtained for 77 hospitals for 2013. Hospitals were assigned 1 of 3 levels of a CDI standardized infection ratio (SIR): ‘Worse than,’ ‘Better than,’ or ‘No different than’ a national benchmark. Analyses compared medication use (total and broad-spectrum antibacterials) for 3 metrics: days of therapy per 1,000 patient days; length of therapy; and proportion of patients receiving a medication across SIR levels. A multivariate, ordered-probit regression identified characteristics associated with SIR categories.RESULTSRegarding total average antimicrobial use per patient, there was a significant difference detected in mean length of therapy: ‘No different’ hospitals having the longest (4.93 days) versus ‘Worse’ (4.78 days) and ‘Better’ (4.43 days) (P<.01). ‘Better’ hospitals used fewer total antibacterials (693 days of therapy per 1,000 patient days) versus ‘No different’ (776 days) versus ‘Worse’ (777 days) (P<.05). The ‘Better’ hospitals used broad-spectrum antibacterials for a shorter average length of therapy (4.03 days) versus ‘No different’ (4.51 days) versus ‘Worse’ (4.38 days) (P<.05). ‘Better’ hospitals used fewer broad-spectrum antibacterials (310 days of therapy per 1,000 patient days) versus ‘No different’ (364 days) versus ‘Worse’ (349 days) (P<.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of elderly patients and chemotherapy days of therapy per 1,000 patient days was significantly negatively associated with the SIR.CONCLUSIONSThese findings have potential implications regarding the need to fully account for hospital patient mix when carrying out inter-hospital comparisons of CDI rates.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:909–915

scholarly journals Comparing Intelligence Quotient (IQ)among 3 to 7-year-old strabismic and nonstrabismic children in an Iranian population

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Ghaderpanah ◽  
Feraidoon Farrahi ◽  
Gholamreza Khataminia ◽  
Ahmad Jahanbakhshi ◽  
Leila Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ocular Deviation ◽  
The Mean

<p>This study was designed to compare the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) among 3 to 7-year-old strabismic and nonstrabismic children in an Iranian population.</p> <p>In this cross-sectional study, 108 preschool children with equal numbers of strabismic/non-strabismic disorder (age 3-7 years) were randomly selected from exceptional strabismus clinics of Ahvaz and were evaluated with the preschool and primary scale of intelligence versions of Wechsler (WPPSI).</p> <p>In the current study, 108 children were evaluated. In strabismic patients the mean performance, verbal and total IQ were 89.46±19.79 , 89.57±21.57 and 91.54±22.08 respectively.These mean scores in normal children  were 91.89±47.53 , 87.56±15.6 and 89.96±17.62consecuently .The results showed that these three different IQ subscales were not significantly different among 3 to 7 years old strabismic and nonstrabismic children ((P&gt;0.05 for all comparisons). There was no significant difference in IQ between two sexes (P&gt;0.05) while Persian tribe children had greater IQ score compared to other tribes (P&lt;0.05). Also, higher paternal educational status of children related to higher IQ score. IQ score was better in combined deviations and was higher in exotropes than esotropes; however, these differences were not statistically significant.(p&gt;0.05)</p> <p>In this evaluation, we did not found a significant negative interference of strabismus on IQ score of preschool children. It can be concluded that paternal educational level and tribe have a significant effect on intelligent quotient, while this is not the case on sex and ocular deviation.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Intelligence quotient, Strabismus, Deviation</p>

scholarly journals A Comparison of Demirjian and Cameriere Methods in Estimating Age and Development of a Modified Cameriere Method

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeeme Namadchian ◽  
Soraya Khafri ◽  
Sedigheh Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Maryam Ghasempour ◽  
Ehsan Moudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Background: In recent years, age estimation in forensic medicine has become so important. Teeth are used to estimate age as valuable indicators. Objectives: This study aimed to compare Cameriere and Demirjian methods in estimating chronological age (Age) in an Iranian population and to develop a modified Cameriere method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated a total of 486 panoramic radiographs of individuals aged 5 - 15 years adopted from two craniofacial radiology centers in Babol, northern Iran, in 2019. The dental age of subjects was assessed by Demirjian (DAge) and Cameriere (CAge) methods and compared with their chronological age. Also, a formula was designed based on the Cameriere method for our studied population, and the results of the original and modified Cameriere (MCAge) methods were compared. Results: The mean ± SD of Age (10.38 ± 2.30) had a significant difference with DAge (10.67 ± 2.33) and CAge (9.77 ± 2.01) (P < 0.001). The modified Cameriere formula was more accurate than Cameriere one, and MCAge was 10.38 ± 2.12, indicating no significant difference with Age (P = 0.993). Conclusions: According to our results, both Demirjian and Cameriere methods were not reliable for age estimation in the Iranian population. However, the modified Cameriere formula had a very high accuracy in estimating the age of the studied population.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Lamanya Rawat Inap Pasien Post Appendektomi Pada Appendiksitis Akut dan Appendiksitis Perforasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
Septi Auliza Refolinda ◽  
Mizar Eriantono ◽  
Ringgo Alfarisi ◽  
Joan Willy
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Inpatient Hospitalization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference

Appendicitis is one of the causes of mortality rates 0,2 – 0,8% in the world. In Indonesia itself, appendicitis occupies the fourth most patients who undergo hospitalization. The worse this type of appendicitis, the longer the patient should undergo hospitalization in the hospital's surgical treatment room. The duration of the patient post-surgery is varied depending on the type of appendicitis suffered. This study aims to describe the difference in the length of stay in post appendectomy patients between acute appendicitis and perforated appendicitis. The research is a comparative analytical research retrospective with a cross-sectional approach. In this study, the samples were recorded from medical records of appendicitis patients in 2016-2019, totaling 60 respondents of acute appendicitis and 60 respondents of perforation appendicitis. The sampling techniques in this study used a total sampling technique. Analysis of data is using univariate analysis and Independent bivariate tests. It is known that the average length of inpatient hospitalization is acute for 9 days. The shortest hospitalization is for 2 days, and the longest is 23 days.  The respondent with an appendicitis perforation with an average length of stay is 34 days, the shortest time hospitalization is 4 days, and the longest is 90 days. The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference (p = 0,000 / p<0,005) of hospitalization length in acute appendicitis and perforation appendicitis of an appendectomy patient.

scholarly journals Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
J. Nithya ◽  
Nalini Aswath
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Bifid Mandibular Canal ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Results: The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%). Conclusion: CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pressure ulcers among the elderly living in long-stay institutions in São Paulo

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta Maria Ferreira Chacon ◽  
Leila Blanes ◽  
Bernardo Hochman ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Average Length ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of pressure ulcers varies according to geographic region and population group, such as the institutionalized elderly. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers among elderly people living in long-stay institutions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in six long-stay institutions for the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were collected in six long-stay institutions on two visits to each institution between May and August 2007, during which all elderly patients with pressure ulcers were evaluated. The Braden scale was used to identify the risk of developing pressure ulcers and the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) stages for classifying the pressure ulcers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the results between visits. The population was 181 elderly people in May and 184 in August: 23 had pressure ulcers in May (prevalence of 12.7%) and 17 in August (prevalence of 9.2%). The mean age at the two times was 84 years, and the average length of stay was 32 months. Pressure ulcers were found mainly in the sacral region (mean, 71.5%), and most commonly in stage II (mean, 41%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pressure ulcers was 10.95%. These data provide background information that may aid in developing protocols for applying best practices for prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers, consequently reducing the prevalence.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of Packham’s Triumph pear cultivar fruiting wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Radoš ◽  
Tanja Krmpot ◽  
Bogdan Šormaz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Pear Cultivar ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
The Individual

Pear as a fruit species forms various categories of fruit-bearing branches during its life cycle. Depending on how many years it takes to form a young fruiting wood of pear cultivar from its meristem, there can be an annual, biennial, or perennial organogenesis cycle, which in the first place depends on cultivar’s genotype, the rootstock on which the cultivar is grafted, the applied agricultural techniques in nursery and other conditions. Knowledge of the individual pear cultivars organogenesis cycle is the basis for planning regular and stable yields. In order to determine the structure of a fruiting wood for an individual pear cultivar, it is necessary to make analyses on individual increment categories; what is developing from those increments in the following year. The morphological characteristics of annual increments are analysed (spurs, stems, and long shoots) of Packham’s Triumph pear cultivar, as well as the morphological characteristics of each category’s annual increment bourse-over-bourse, all with statistically significant difference between studied factors and factorial levels. Peckham’s Triumph had higher average length of long shoots in both examining years 2011 (53.63) and 2012 (45.33) and William's cultivar had the shorter ones.

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