scholarly journals Anthracnose of betel vine and its in vitro management

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Md Junayed Ahmed ◽  
KS Hossain ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium

The incidence of anthracnose disease was observed lowest in December (10.87%) and highest in July (80.50%) at the three selected betel vine fields of Shalon village in Moulvibazar district. The young stems were found more prone to attack than the old ones. Pathogenicity test showed Colletotrichum dematium and C. gloeosporioides produced characteristic disease symptoms on betel stems. Among them C. dematium is a new document as a pathogen of anthracnose of betel vine. Out of five fungicides, complete inhibition of both the pathogens in vitro occurred with corozole EC (25% propiconazole), folicur EC (25% tebuconazole) and trooper WP (75% tricyclazole). Among the four antagonistic fungi, Penicillium sp. showed more antagonistic potentiality against the pathogens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20092 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 127-133, 2014

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum in vitro mycoparasitism on Peronospora belbahrii in basil (Ocimum basilicum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Almirez Rojas ◽  
Jesús O. Pérez-González ◽  
Jorge M. P. Vázquez-Alvarado ◽  
A. Alejandro Palacios-Talavera
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Activity Design

Objective: To describe the symptomatology and to identify the mildew causal agent in basil (Oscimum basilicum), as well as the Trichoderma harzianum-Peronospora belbahrii in vitro mycoparasitic activity. Design/methodology/approach: Samples were taken from Nufar basil cultivars that had been naturally infected by mildew and, afterwards, the causal agent was isolated in order to carry out a pathogenicity test. The T. harzianum-P. belbahrii parasitism stages were observed in samples from the area in which both microorganisms interact. Results: The disease symptoms that reveal the presence of a mildew causal agent on basil plants grown in pots and soil match Peronospora belbahrii. Subsequently, the Trichoderma hyphae rolled up and penetrated and vacuolated the conidiophores and the pathogen mycelium. Study limitations/implications: This study was carried out using only one variety of basil. Findings/conclusions: T. harzianum’s capacity to parasitize P. belbahrii in vitro was observed after 72 h. Once the conidium of the antagonist germinated, the hyphae directed their chemotropism growth towards P. belbahrii’s conidiophores and mycelium.

Human Platelet Acetylcholinesterase: The Effects of Anticholinesterases on Platelet Function

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Smith ◽  
Boyd Braem ◽  
Kent D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Aggregation Factor

SummaryPlatelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in gel-filtered platelet preparations. Three different anticholinesteratic agents (eserine, neostigmine, and diiso- propylphosphorofluoridate) at final concentrations of 10 μM caused complete inhibition of AChE activity after 30 min incubation at room temperature with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Complete inhibition of platelet AChE had no effect on platelet aggregation, factor-3 availability, and plasma clot retraction. We conclude that platelet membrane AChE activity is not required for normal platelet function as measured by these in vitro parameters.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

scholarly journals Acquisition of an Agrobacterium Ri Plasmid and Pathogenicity by Other α-Proteobacteria in Cucumber and Tomato Crops Affected by Root Mat

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2779-2785 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Weller ◽  
D. E. Stead ◽  
J. P. W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Ri Plasmid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling ◽  
Transformation Rates ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Average Transformation

ABSTRACT Root mat of cucumbers and tomatoes has previously been shown to be caused by Agrobacterium radiobacter strains harboring a root-inducing Ri plasmid (pRi). Nine other pRi-harboring α-Proteobacteria have subsequently been isolated from root mat-infected crops. Fatty acid profiling and partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified three of these strains as being in the genus Ochrobactrum, five as being in the genus Rhizobium, and one as being in the genus Sinorhizobium. An in vitro pathogenicity test involving inoculation of cucumber cotyledons was developed. All pRi-harboring α-Proteobacteria induced typical root mat symptoms from the cotyledons. Average transformation rates for rhizogenic Ochrobactrum (46%) and Rhizobium (44%) strains were lower than those observed for rhizogenic A. radiobacter strains (64%). However, individual strains from these three genera all had transformation rates comparable to those observed from cotyledons inoculated with a rhizogenic Sinorhizobium strain (75%).

scholarly journals Activation of GSDME compensates for GSDMD deficiency in a mouse model of NLRP3 inflammasomopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Wang ◽  
Tong Yang ◽  
Jianqiu Xiao ◽  
Canxin Xu ◽  
Yael Alippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli

AbstractThe D301N NLRP3 mutation in mice (D303N in humans) causes severe multi-organ damage and early death driven by the constitutively activated NLRP3 (NLRP3ca) inflammasome. Triggered inflammasomes activate caspase-1 to process IL-1 family cytokines and gasdermin D (GSDMD), generating N-terminal fragments, which oligomerize within the plasma membrane to form pores, which cause inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) and through which IL-1β and IL-18 are secreted. GSDMD activation is central to disease symptoms since spontaneous inflammation in Nlrp3ca;Gsdmd-/- mice is negligible. Unexpectedly, when Nlrp3ca;Gsdmd-/- mice were challenged with LPS or TNF-α, they secreted high amounts of IL-1β and IL-18, suggesting an alternative GSDMD-independent inflammatory pathway. Here we show that GSDMD deficient macrophages subjected to inflammatory stimuli activate caspase-8, -3 and GSDME-dependent cytokine release and pyroptosis. Caspase-8, -3 and GSDME also activated pyroptosis when NLRP3 was stimulated in caspase-1 deficient macrophages. Thus, a salvage caspase-8, -3-GSDME inflammatory pathway is activated following NLRP3 activation when the canonical NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD is blocked. Surprisingly, the active metabolite of the GSDMD-inhibitor disulfiram, inhibited not only GSDMD but also GSDME-mediated inflammation in vitro and suppressed severe inflammatory disease symptoms in Nlrp3ca mice, a model for severe neonatal multisystem inflammatory disease. Although disulfiram did not directly inhibit GSDME, it suppressed inflammasome activation in GSDMD-deficient cells. Thus, the combination of inflammatory signals and NLRP3ca overwhelmed the protection provided by GSDMD deficiency, rewiring signaling cascades through caspase-8, -3 and GSDME to propagate inflammation. This functional redundancy suggests that concomitant inhibition of GSDMD and GSDME may be necessary to suppress disease in inflammasomopathy patients.

scholarly journals Optimal Parameters for in Vitro Development of the Fungus Hydrocarbonoclastic Penicillium sp

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Eugenia Ojeda-Morales ◽  
Miguel Ángel Hernández-Rivera ◽  
José Gabriel Martínez-Vázquez ◽  
Yolanda Córdova-Bautista ◽  
Yuridia Evelin Hernández-Cardeño
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Vitro Development

scholarly journals Actividad antifúngica de propóleos obtenidos en tres provincias de Cuba sobre hongos contaminantes en cultivo de tejidos vegetales

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
René Dionisio Cupull-Santana ◽  
Remigio Cortés-Rodríguez ◽  
Ervelio Eliseo Olazábal-Manso ◽  
Carlos Alberto Hernández Medina
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar las características fisicoquímicas y la actividad antifúngica de propóleos de Apis mellifera, provenientes de las provincias de Villa Clara, Cienfuegos y Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Se utilizó el método de recolección por raspado y se estableció el contenido de cera, ceniza, material insoluble y resina de los propóleos crudos. Además, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro frente a los hongos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Trichoderma sp., Colletotrichum sp. y Monilia sp.; los extractos presentaron alta actividad antifúngica en un amplio rango de concentraciones; además, los parámetros fisicoquímicos presentaron valores semejantes y dentro de los establecidos por regulaciones internacionales.

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