scholarly journals The in vitro Antimycobacterial investigation of some basic meta-/para-Alkoxyphenylcarbamic Esters Bearing 4-(4-Fluoro/2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl fragment

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Ivan Malik ◽  
Eva Sedlarova ◽  
Jozef Csollei ◽  
Lukas Stanzel ◽  
Lubica Sichrovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Acid Esters

Following previous systematical research of ortho-/meta-/para-alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid esters as antimycobacterially active compounds, the set of the derivatives containing meta-/para-alkoxyphenylcarbamoyloxy and 4-(4-fluorophenyl/2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl moieties were tested for their in vitro activity against tuberculous strain of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis CNCTC My 331/88 as well as against potential pathogenic strains of M. kansasii CNCTC My 235/80, M. avium CNCTC My 330/88 and M. kansasii 6 509/96, respectively, by applying the micromethod for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). It is concludut that the molucules posscssed selatively promising activity against M. Tuberculasis and M. Kansas!!. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 103-107, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17621

Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Vaudry ◽  
Claudia Gratton ◽  
Kinga Kowalewska ◽  
Wanda M. Wenman
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Oxazolidinone against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Including Macrolide-Resistant Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hun Kim ◽  
Su-Young Kim ◽  
Won-Jung Koh ◽  
Byung Woo Jhun
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity

We evaluated the in vitro activities of oxazolidinone antibiotics including linezolid, sutezolid, and delpazolid against clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates. Regardless of macrolide resistance, for M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. kansasii, sutezolid showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value among oxazolidinone antibiotics. However, for M. abscessus, M. massiliense, the MIC and MBC values for all oxazolidinone antibiotics showed similar values. Oxazolidinone antibiotics warrant further investigation as potential antibiotics.

Quinone–carbohydrate nonglucoside conjugates as a new type of cytotoxic agents: Synthesis and determination of in vitro activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Pelageev ◽  
Sergey A. Dyshlovoy ◽  
Nataly D. Pokhilo ◽  
Vladimir A. Denisenko ◽  
Ksenia L. Borisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
New Type

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Methods and Three End Points in Determination of In Vitro Activity of Micafungin against Aspergillus spp

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2640-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Arikan ◽  
Pınar Yurdakul ◽  
Gulsen Hascelik
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
End Points ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

ABSTRACT We investigated the in vitro activity of micafungin against clinical Aspergillus isolates (n = 37) (Aspergillusfumigatus [n = 21], Aspergillusflavus [n = 14], and Aspergillus niger [n = 2]) by using NCCLS M38A microdilution and an investigational disk diffusion assay. Microdilution assay results were evaluated by using the end points of a MIC-2 (measured in micrograms per milliliter) and minimum effective concentration (MEC, measured in micrograms per milliliter; the lowest concentration of micafungin that produces short and aberrant hyphal branchings microscopically). Disk diffusion results were interpreted by measuring the zone(s) of inhibition (ZOI, measured in millimeters). Micafungin proved to be similarly active against all Aspergillus species tested. At 24 h, MIC-2s and MECs were identical. At 48 h, however, MIC-2s increased unpredictably, leading to the loss of a consistent correlation between the two end points. MECs and ZOI remained consistent and correlated at both reading times, suggesting their use as relevant end points in susceptibility testing of micafungin against Aspergillus. All Aspergillus isolates yielded intrazonal growth on disk diffusion agar plates. The intrazonal colonies contained short, aberrant hyphal branchings microscopically. The in vivo significance of these findings remains to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Determination of a Tentative Epidemiological Cut-Off Value (ECOFF) for Dalbavancin and Enterococcus faecium

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Robert E. Weber ◽  
Carola Fleige ◽  
Franziska Layer ◽  
Bernd Neumann ◽  
Michael Kresken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic that shows potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It circumvents vanB-type glycopeptide resistance mechanisms; however, data on the in vitro activity of dalbavancin for Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) are scarce, and thus, no breakpoints are provided. In recent years, there has been a continuing shift from vanA-type to vanB-type vancomycin-resistance in enterococci in Central Europe. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of dalbavancin against different van-genotypes, with particular focus on vanB-type E. faecium. Dalbavancin susceptibility was determined for 25 van-negative, 50 vanA-positive, and 101 vanB-positive clinical E. faecium isolates (typed by cgMLST). Epidemiological Cut-Off Values (ECOFFs) were determined using ECOFFinder. For vanB-type E. faecium isolates, dalbavancin MICs were similar to those of vancomycin-susceptible isolates reaching values no higher than 0.125 mg/L. ECOFFs for van-negative and vanB-positive isolates were 0.5 mg/l and 0.25 mg/L respectively. In contrast, E. faecium possessing vanA predominantly showed dalbavancin MICs >8 mg/L, therefore preventing the determination of an ECOFF. We demonstrated the potent in vitro activity of dalbavancin against vancomycin-susceptible and vanB-type E. faecium. On the basis of the observed wildtype distribution, a dalbavancin MIC of 0.25 mg/L can be suggested as a tentative ECOFF for E. faecium.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fraction and Active Compounds of Momordica Balsamina L. on Bacteria Salmonella Typhi Causing Salmonellosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Aryanti Aryanti ◽  
Rinda Lamdayani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds

Salmonella typhi is one of the bacteria that causes typhus. The handling of typhus by bacteria generally requires the provision of antibacterial substances, namely antibiotics. Excessive and irrational use of antibiotics causes bacteria to be resistant so that over time the benefits of using antibiotics will decrease. Pare leaves are an alternative treatment for various diseases, one of which is antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of bitter melon leaf fractions and active compounds against Salmonella typhi bacteria with various concentrations. This study was a laboratory experimental study through in vitro. The subjects in this research were Salmonella typhi bacteria. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of ethyl acetate fraction is a strong fraction between n-hexane and water methanol fractions in inhibiting Salmonella typhi bacteria. The determination of the active compound group from the purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of forest bitter melon leaves obtained flavonoid active compounds with an Rf value of 0.1 in the eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7:3). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate fraction was 125 μg/ml, while the MIC of flavonoid compounds was 62.5 μg/ml against Salmonella typhi bacteria. From the results of the equivalence test of the ethyl acetate fraction with ampicillin against Salmonella typhi bacteria, it showed that the concentration of the active fraction of ethyl acetate 1 μg/ml was equivalent to 0.007 μg/ml ampicillin, while the equivalence of flavonoid compounds was obtained 1 μg/ml concentration of active compounds equivalent to 0.011 μg/ml ampicillin.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Tritrpticin Alone and in Combination with Other Antimicrobial Agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3923-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Carmela Silvestri ◽  
Agnese Della Vittoria ◽  
Alberto Licci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of the cathelicidin tritrpticin was investigated against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolates were susceptible to the peptide at concentrations of 0.50 to 8 mg/liter. Tritrpticin completely inhibits lipopolysaccharide procoagulant activity at a 10 μM concentration. Fractionary inhibitory concentration indexes (0.385, 0.312, and 0.458) demonstrated synergy between the peptide and β-lactams.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Fluoroquinolones against the Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2486-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kraiczy ◽  
Judith Weigand ◽  
Thomas A. Wichelhaus ◽  
Peter Heisig ◽  
Herbert Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Little is known to date about the in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against Borrelia species. Our study aimed at determining the in vitro activities of 15 quinolones against nine isolates of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex in addition to one Borrelia valaisiana and oneBorrelia bissettii tick isolate. For the determination of MICs, a standardized colorimetric microdilution method was applied. Determination of minimal borreliacidal concentrations providing 100% killing of the final inoculum (MBCs) after 72 h and time-kill experiments were performed by conventional culture in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium in combination with dark-field microscopy. The rank order of potency on a microgram-per-milliliter basis for the substances with in vitro activity against B. burgdorferi was gemifloxacin (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC90], 0.12 μg/ml) > sitafloxacin (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), grepafloxacin (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml) > gatifloxacin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml), sparfloxacin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml), trovafloxacin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml) > moxifloxacin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml), ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml) > levofloxacin (MIC90, 4 μg/ml) > ofloxacin (MIC90, 8 μg/ml), norfloxacin (MIC90, 8 μg/ml) > fleroxacin (MIC90, >16 μg/ml), and pefloxacin (MIC90, 32 μg/ml) > nalidixic acid (MIC90, 256 μg/ml). After 72 h of exposure, gemifloxacin was borreliacidal (100% killing) against the isolates investigated at a median MBC of 4 μg/ml. In the other compounds tested, median MBCs were higher (≥8 μg/ml). Results of electron microscopy and time-kill studies clearly support an in vitro activity of some fluoroquinolones against borreliae. Our study demonstrates for the first time the enhanced in vitro effectiveness of some of the recently introduced 4-quinolones against B. burgdorferi.

scholarly journals Antifungi Effect of Keghenyat Leaves Fraction (Acmella uliginosa) In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agustina Septi Hijir ◽  
Salni Salni ◽  
Joko Marwoto ◽  
Triwani Triwani ◽  
Sri Nita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction Candida is a yeast fungus classes most commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract and skin, especially the species Candida albicans. Alternative medicines such as herbs are easily available and affordable by the community, such as keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa). Aim of StudyTo determine the activity of Keghenyat leaves fraction (Acmella uliginosa) compared to Nystatin against Candida albicans in vitro. MethodsIn vitro study was held in Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medical Faculty, Sriwijaya University in December 2015 and January 2016. Research stages: extraction, fractionation, sensitivity test using Nystatin and Candida albicans, fractions antifungal activity test, the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bioautografi test and determination of compound classes. One final stages of testing the active fraction Keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa) with Nystatin. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Post Hoc Duncan test and linear regression using SPSS 20. ResultsHexane faction of Keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa) is active against the fungus Candida albicans, has a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.625% (6250μl) against the fungus Candida albicans antifungal contain active compounds that terpenoids and flavonoids, amounting to 84.68 mg / ml equivalent to 1 mg / ml Nystatin against the fungus Candida albicans. ConclusionThere is a significance different MIC between hexane fraction of Keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa) and Nystatin, Nystatin have more high activity.

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