scholarly journals The perceived role of innovation platforms in addressing the agricultural value chain collective problems: an empirical application of transaction cost theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
W Turyahikayo ◽  
FB Matsiko ◽  
JJ Okiror ◽  
BB Obaa ◽  
JH Hanf
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Environmental Uncertainty ◽  
Asset Specificity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Embeddedness ◽  
Relational Embeddedness ◽  
Innovation Platform

Agricultural innovation platforms are increasingly seen as a panacea for mitigating the agricultural value chain challenges through enabling the co-evolution of different elements in the innovation process. A number of previous studies on IPs show processes for their formation and contribution to innovations. Very few studies have attempted to investigate the perceived benefits from platforms as important determinants for actor participation. Using a sample of 319 randomly selected farmers from one innovation platform in Uganda, it was established that the uncertain markets for the agricultural output, sources of inputs and agricultural information were perceived to be the key motivators for the formation of the platform. The study found a positive significant relationship between transaction cost challenges of environmental uncertainty and structural embeddedness (p<0.01) and frequency of interaction and structural embeddedness (p<0.05). On the other hand, environmental uncertainty, asset specificity and frequency of interactions were significantly correlated with relational embeddedness (p<0.05). However, the complexity of tasks in the value chain was not significantly correlated with structural and relational embeddedness (p≥0.05). It therefore means that to ensure effective participation and implementation of platform activities, efforts ought to be placed on fulfilling the platform’s promise as a forum for mitigation of transaction cost challenges such as inadequate markets for both output and inputs, customized products and inputs and lack of valuable agricultural information. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (2): 1-12, December, 2018

scholarly journals Social embeddedness and innovation behavior of innovation platform actors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Turyahikayo ◽  
Frank B. Matsiko ◽  
Richard F. Miiro ◽  
John J. Okiror ◽  
Bernard B. Obaa
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Agricultural Innovations ◽  
Innovation Platform ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Arrangement ◽  
Innovation Behavior

Agricultural innovation platforms are increasingly being used as a means of mitigating agricultural value chain challenges through enabling the co-evolution of different elements in the innovation process. Given a number of actors and their different interests, governance dynamics and institutions are likely to play a fundamental role in the attainment of this objective. This study employed network governance theory to establish the influence of structures and relations in innovation platforms influence on actors’ innovation behavior. Using a sample of 319 randomly selected farmers and key informant interviews, it was established that the direct effect of embeddedness on innovation behavior was positive but insignificant (β=0.005, p= 0.953). The effect embeddedness on adaptation, coordination and safeguard of exchanges was positive and significant at (β=0.339, p0.01), (β=0.239, p0.01) and (β=0.262, p0.01) respectively. The role of adaptation in influencing innovation behavior was positive and significant with (β=0.264, p0.05). The study also finds that the indirect role of adaptation and safeguard of exchanges enhances the relationship between embeddedness and actor innovation behavior. The study recommends that to increase agricultural innovations, members of the networks should have adaptive measures through continuous search for new processes, new markets, reliable inputs and take advantage of new opportunities in their operating environment so as to be adaptive to this new work arrangement.

scholarly journals Testing structural and relational embeddedness in collaboration risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Minsun Song ◽  
Kyujin Jung ◽  
Namhoon Ki ◽  
Richard C Feiock
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Relational Uncertainty ◽  
Structural Embeddedness ◽  
Institutional Collective Action ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Relational Embeddedness ◽  
Relational Risk

The study investigates the effect of embeddedness, defined as a property of interdependent relations in which organizations are integrated in a network, on collaboration risk emerging from relational uncertainty. Despite efforts to understand the structural effects of network governance, embedded relationships and their influence on collaboration remain relatively unexplored. A case of intergovernmental collaboration for emergency management is used as a test bed to examine the role of embeddedness in disaster networks and to extend the knowledge of collaboration risk within the institutional collective action framework. We hypothesize and test the effect of relational and structural embeddedness on the level of collaboration risk that an organization perceives. Our analysis of 69 organizations engaged in emergency management operations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea reveals that both structural and relational embeddedness facilitate organizations to mitigate perceived collaboration risk. The results suggest that reachability secures relief of relational risk, and that commitment relationships bind participants.

scholarly journals Sourcing van Internal Auditing-activiteiten

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
H. J. Van Elten
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Environmental Uncertainty ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Asset Specificity ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Control Instrument ◽  
Onderzoek Naar

Internal Auditing – traditioneel een intern management control-instrument – wordt in toenemende mate uitbesteed aan externe dienstverleners. In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek naar de invloed van Transaction Cost Economics-variabelen op de mate van uitbesteding van Internal Auditing. Ten behoeve hiervan is een schriftelijke enquête verspreid, waaraan is deelgenomen door 66 grote Nederlandse bedrijven. Meervoudige regressieanalyse laat een significant verband zien tussen outsourcing van Internal Auditing-activiteiten, asset specificity en frequency. Deze TCE-variabelen verklaren 57% van de variantie in de mate van uitbesteding van Internal Auditing. Andere TCE-variabelen (behavioral en environmental uncertainty) vertonen geen significante invloed.

COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAMS VARYING ON PRODUCT NEWNESS AS A SURROGATE MEASURE FOR INNOVATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250019 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANDHIR REGHUNATH PUSHPA ◽  
MARY MATHEW
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
End Users ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Surrogate Measure

Product development (PD) has traditionally been a collaborative effort with the PD team having to interact with various entities within and outside its boundary. Depending on the context and the kind of product being developed, teams typically interact with other teams, vendors, academic institutions and end users. This paper analyses the collaborative boundary crossing behaviour of software PD teams and the role of newness of product developed. The boundaries have been classified as horizontal, geographical and value-chain. Measurement was done with the help of two sets of questionnaires, one, to map the entities in the environment of the PD team and newness of the product developed, and the other, to measure collaborative boundary crossing behaviours of the team. The study showed that teams had low level of collaboration and the boundaries influenced collaboration behaviour. The newness of the product was also found to influence collaboration.

Manufacturer structural embeddedness and the network rent: the intervening role of relational embeddedness in the triadic supply chains

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Swierczek
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Embeddedness ◽  
Relational Embeddedness ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the manufacturer that occupies the central position in the triadic supply chain is capable of enhancing relationships within both dyads to produce the network rent and extra profit shared among all supply chain actors. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an exploratory study using a survey of triads forming supply chains. To reveal the capability of yielding the network rent in the examined triads, multiple regression analysis with Interaction effects was used. Having confirmed the existence of supernormal profit, the partial least square path model was developed to investigate the effects of manufacturer structural embeddedness on relational embeddedness and the resulting impact on the network rent. Findings The obtained findings show that manufacturer structural embeddedness has a direct and positive effect on relational embeddedness and relational embeddedness of two dyads (represented as a higher order factor) has a direct and positive effect on the network rent. In addition, relational embeddedness mediates the positive relationship between manufacturer structural embeddedness and network rent, as the null model with no mediation appears to underestimate the direct and positive effect between manufacturer structural embeddedness and the network rent. Research limitations/implications The study makes three key contributions. First, it extends the application of both relational and structural embeddedness to grasp the network architecture of the triadic supply chain. Second, the concept of manufacturer structural embeddedness is used to elaborate on the role of the manufacturer in establishing relationships of high quality with the supplier and the customer. In connection to the previous point, the calculated network rent demonstrates that establishing collaborative relationships in triadic supply chains may bring a significant supernormal profit, derived as the outcome of mutual interplay between the relational performances of two dyads. Practical implications The study shows that manufacturers intending to use their central position to develop collaborative relationships with both partners, and the supplier and the customer, ought to appreciate the role of social ties embedded in interorganizational networks. The paper also implies that in parallel with using formal contracts as a governance mechanism, the manufacturer centrally positioned in the triadic supply chains ought to deliberately shape relational embeddedness of both dyads. Finally, managers can consider the ways to enhance relational embeddedness in a triad by improving relational embeddedness of a certain dyad. Originality/value This study provides a novel framework for studying two basic dimensions of embeddedness (structural and relational) and their impact on the network rent in triadic supply chains that goes beyond the dyadic perspective and incorporates the extended supply chain.

scholarly journals Costes de transacción e integración vertical: Una aplicación al sector de denominación de origen calificada Rioja

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fernández-Olmos ◽  
Jorge Rosell-Martínez ◽  
Manuel A. Espitia-Escuer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Asset Specificity ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Transaction Cost Theory ◽  
Theory Integration ◽  
The Relationship

This article develops and tests a model of integration of the first stage of the wine value chain, i.e. the viticulture activity. The model, derived from the transaction cost analysis developed principally by Williamson, is formulated as a tobit function, which is estimated with data from the wine industry in the Rioja’s denomination of origin. The nature of the relationship between product quality and vertical integration is also established. Consistently with the transaction cost theory, integration is associated with increasing levels of asset specificity and uncertainty. Results also indicate that the winery size significantly affects make-buy choices. As expected, more vertical integration appears to be associated with higher product quality.

scholarly journals Theoretical Background to the Role of Trust in Marketing

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Annamária Zsigmondová ◽  
Tibor Zsigmond ◽  
Renáta Machová
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Online Commerce ◽  
Market Interactions ◽  
Simple Question

The aim of the study is to present the theoretical background of trust and to review its role in marketing among the disciplines mentioned in the article. After the methodological definition, the article provides the reader with a complex overview of the concept of trust in the national and international literature. The need for trust extends to business and market interactions throughout the supply and value chain, as they are interrelated in all areas of production and service. In addition, its existence also plays an important role in online commerce, the lack of which is understood by companies and intermediaries in the reduction of transaction costs and reputation. However, the question arises as to whether trust can be so easily delineated. Is the decision of whether or not to trust the other a simple question to be decided to which there is a clear answer?

An organizational competence model for innovation intermediaries

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wil Janssen ◽  
Harry Bouwman ◽  
René van Buuren ◽  
Timber Haaker
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Competence Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Intermediaries ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Right

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the role of intermediaries in open innovation networks in achieving ICT-enabled innovations. The ultimate goal of open innovation networks is to create value for endusers and providers, and to share the risks and rewards. The aim of this paper is to analyse the competences that intermediaries in open innovation networks need to master and exploit during the exploration and exploitation phases of an innovation process. Design/methodology/approach – Based on 14 cases, all of which are examples of collaborative multi-party projects with a focus on ICT-enabled innovations, the paper inductively develops a competence model for intermediaries that can be applied at different stages in the innovation. Findings – The research shows that intermediaries can play an effective role in open innovation, provided they have the right set of competences. It can be concluded that the role of innovation intermediary is most relevant in the creation and development phases. Research limitations/implications – This study certainly has its limitations. The researchers were involved in several cases, which may have biased their views, even though an external expert who was familiar with the case and the work of the intermediary was involved to minimize the risk. Most importantly, the cases all involved of a single intermediary, albeit with many different private and public partners. The cases were primarily located in the Netherlands. It would be interesting to complement this study with results from other innovation intermediaries. Practical implications – The paper identified which competences of organizations in innovation are required, and how to balance the competences between the different partners, including the innovation intermediary. The study allows to link the type of goal of the collaboration to a number of best practices, including the competences and roles that are required at different stages. Originality/value – The paper combines the core innovation competences with the innovation value chain concept developed, and evaluate the resulting model in 14 different cases. The model is new and relevant in practice.

Plasma Levels of Protein S, Protein C, and Factor X: Effects of Sex, Hormonal State and Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M A Henkens ◽  
V J J Bom ◽  
W van der Schaaf ◽  
P M Pelsma ◽  
C Th Smit Sibinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Normal Ranges

SummaryWe measured total and free protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and factor X (FX) in 393 healthy blood donors to assess differences in relation to sex, hormonal state and age. All measured proteins were lower in women as compared to men, as were levels in premenopausal women as compared to postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that both age and subgroup (men, pre- and postmenopausal women) were of significance for the levels of total and free PS and PC, the subgroup effect being caused by the differences between the premenopausal women and the other groups. This indicates a role of sex-hormones, most likely estrogens, in the regulation of levels of pro- and anticoagulant factors under physiologic conditions. These differences should be taken into account in daily clinical practice and may necessitate different normal ranges for men, pre- and postmenopausal women.

On the role of the dispute between "non-possessors" and "Josephites" in the culture of Moscow's prediction

1998 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
N. S. Jurtueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secular Power

In the XIV century. centripetal tendencies began to appear in the Moscow principality. Inside the Russian church, several areas were distinguished. Part of the clergy supported the specificobar form. The other understood the need for transformations in society. As a result, this led to a split in the Russian church in the 15th century for "non-possessors" and "Josephites". The former linked the fate of the future with the ideology of hesychasm and its moral transformation, while the latter sought support in alliance with a strong secular power.

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