scholarly journals Relationship of Whitefly Population Build up with the Spread of TYLCV on Eight Tomato Varieties

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMA Rahman ◽  
AM Akanda ◽  
AKM Ashraful Alam
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Whitefly Population ◽  
Key Words Prevalence ◽  
Virus Prevalence ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
The Relationship

The performance of eight tomato varieties namely BARI-T1 (Manik), BARI-T2 (Ratan), BARI-T4, BARI-T5, BARI-T6 (Apurba), BARI-T7 (Chaity), BARI-T11 and BARI-T12 were evaluated in respect to prevalence and spread of TYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf curl Virus) in relation to whitefly population buildup in the field. Data were collected on the three growth stages of the plant namely early (transplanting to first flowering) mid (first flowering to first harvesting) and late (first harvesting to last harvesting). The virus prevalence percentage in eight tomato varieties varied depending on early, mid and late stage of infection as well as tomato varieties. It ranged from 42 to 69%. There was a poor and insignificant quadratic polynomial relationship (y = -0.0059x 2 + 0.2826x – 1.5378 & R2 = 0.0962) between temperature and whitefly population build up in tomato field. The relationship between relative humidity and whitefly population build up in the field was found significant but negatively correlated (y = - 0.0321x 2 +4.5518x – 159.44 (R2 = 0.6769). The increase of whitefly population in the field was positively correlated with the spread of TYLCV in the tomato field (y = - 0.0002x 2 + 0.0297x + 1.0626 & R2 = 0.663). The highest and lowest prevalence of TYLCV was recorded in BARI-T6 and BARI-T11, respectively. In all the varieties, virus prevalence was found higher at mid stage followed by late and early stage of infection. Key words: Prevalence, TYLCV, whitefly.

A Method of distinguishing the larval Stages of Agriotes sputator (L.) (Col., Elaterid.)

1950 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan F. Basden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The different instars of Agriotes sputator larvae cannot be distinguished by measurements of total length or of various parts of the wireworm.The number of teeth on the mesothoracic and abdominal spiracles increases with age, and an examination of 700 wireworms showed that the average numbers of teeth on the two thoracic or on all the abdominal spiracles fell into eight groups. These criteria were valid for populations collected at different times of the year.The number of teeth on the thoracic spiracles of a larva in any particular group approximates to that on the abdominal spiracles of a larva in the next larger group.The eight groups formed by counting either the thoracic or the abdominal spiracle teeth represent growth stages and not necessarily instars.The larvae may sometimes moult without growth, a phenomenon probably caused by an inadequate supply of food. At such an ecdysis the number of spiracle teeth does not increase.The larvae pupate after attaining an optimum size, and reach this size in seven or eight growth stages.A quick method of determining the growth stage to which a larva belongs is given, whereby more than 80 per cent, of the larvae are placed in their correct growth stages by counting the teeth on one spiracle only ; for less than 1 per cent, of the larvae is it necessary to examine as many as five spiracles ; an accuracy of more than 97 per cent, can be maintained.The possibility of determining the relationship of growth stage and age is discussed.The division of the larvae into those which will pupate after seven, and those which will pupate after eight growth stages is apparent at a very early stage in the life history. One larva was found which appeared to be in its ninth growth stage.The cause of this difference in growth stage number is unknown. It may be due to the size of the egg, to the time of the year at which hatching occurs, or to heredity.

Soybean seed coat cup unloading on plants with low-raffinose, low-stachyose seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Kosina ◽  
Alexander Castillo ◽  
Steven R. Schnebly ◽  
Ralph L. Obendorf
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Seed Coat ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSucrose, raffinose and stachyose accumulate in soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] embryos during seed maturation. To determine the relationship of plant maternal composition on seed composition, soluble carbohydrates in three 1-cm2 leaf punches at three plant growth stages (R2, R3, R6) and in seed coat cup exudates in planta were analysed at four 30-min intervals on soybean plants (R5) with low-raffinose, low-stachyose (LRS) seeds expressing the mutant stc1 phenotype; low-raffinose, low-stachyose and low-phytin (LRSP1, LRSP2) seeds expressing the mutant mips phenotype; or normal raffinose, stachyose and phytin (CHECK) seeds expressing the Stc1 and Mips phenotype. Leaf sucrose (23.6 μg cm− 2), myo-inositol (9.3 μg cm− 2), d-chiro-inositol (6.7 μg cm− 2), d-ononitol (0.76 μg cm− 2), d-pinitol (50.1 μg cm− 2) and total soluble carbohydrates (107.1 μg cm− 2) were not significantly different between phenotypes. d-chiro-Inositol, myo-inositol, d-pinitol and sucrose were unloaded from soybean seed coat cups in planta at decreasing rates over the four sequential periods of sampling. Unloading rates of sucrose and myo-inositol were highest for LRS, d-pinitol was highest for LRSP2, and d-chiro-inositol was not different between LRS, LRSP1, LRSP2 and CHECK. Free cyclitols were 60% of total soluble carbohydrates in leaves and 20% in seed coat cup exudates. Except for sucrose and d-pinitol, seed phenotype had little influence on the composition of compounds unloaded from seed coats to maturing embryos of low-raffinose, low-stachyose seeds. Maternally supplied cyclitols may contribute, in part, to changes in the composition of cyclitol galactosides stored in mature seeds.

Aulacopleurine trilobites from the Llandovery of northwestern Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Adrain ◽  
B. D. E. Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mackenzie Mountains ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aulacopleurine trilobites from Llandovery strata of the Whittaker Formation in the central Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada, include Aulacopleura andersoni n. sp., Aulacopleura? ranfordi n. sp., and Songkania smithi n. sp. The subfamily Aulacopleurinae consists of only the genera Aulacopleura Hawle and Corda, 1847, and Songkania Chang, 1974, characterized by smooth, broad early growth stages and holaspides having expanded frontal and genal areas, covered with dense caecal pits, but usually very subdued tuberculate sculpture. The relationship of Aulacopleura? ranfordi and A.? reedi Přibyl, 1947, to the remainder of species assigned to the genus is ambiguous.

Performance of BAS 9052 Applied to Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. James Retzinger ◽  
R. Larry Rogers ◽  
Ronald P. Mowers
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The performance of BAS 9052 {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} was evaluated when applied postemergence to rhizome and seedling johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Bragg’ and ‘Centennial’] when the soybeans had four or five trifoliate leaves (V3 to V4 stages) or when they had six to eight trifoliate leaves (V5 to V7 growth stages). The degree of weed control was more strongly associated with rainfall conditions than with the size of the johnsongrass. An exponential equation was used to describe the relationship of soybean seed yield to BAS 9052 rate. BAS 9052 applications of 0.28 kg ai/ha provided an estimated 98% of the potential soybean yield increase when rainfall was adequate but, 0.41 kg ai/ha was required when the plants were grown under moisture stress. Soybean yields were increased by 260 kg/ha when BAS 9052 was applied at the V3 to V4 compared to the V5 to V7 growth stage.

scholarly journals Population-based study of the relationship of treatment and sociodemographics on quality of life for early stage breast cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy K. Janz ◽  
Mahasin Mujahid ◽  
Paula M. Lantz ◽  
Angela Fagerlin ◽  
Barbara Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FALLING NUMBER AND GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS TO EVALUATE PREHARVEST SPROUTING IN WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-764
Author(s):  
Okuyama LA ◽  
◽  
CR Riede ◽  
MM Kohli ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The falling number (FN) is a widely used parameter to evaluate sprouting damage in wheat. Despite its importance, many breeding programs lack facilities to determine the FN routinely. This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship of the falling number with germination percentage, visual sprouting score, hectoliter weight and the grain weight per spike, to improve the selection criteria in the pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) trials. Thirteen genotypes differing in PHS tolerance were evaluated in a rain simulator. The statistical analysis was conducted to understand the relationship of FN with grain characteristics. The path coefficient analysis revealed the highest association of the FN with the percentage of sprouted grains. Also, regression analysis determined that samples with more than 46% of sprouted grains had FN below 200s. The grains with 32 to 46% of germination resulted in FN values between 200 and 250s, and those with 19 to 32% of germination had FN between 250 and 300 s. Only those samples with less than 19% of germination resulted in FN values higher than 300s. The strong association between the germination percentage and the FN allows the selection of promising lines and the elimination of undesirable ones at an early stage of breeding.

The relationship of subepidermal moisture and early stage pressure injury by visual skin assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Gyu Kim ◽  
Seungmi Park ◽  
Ji Woon Ko ◽  
Sungho Jo
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics with race.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chun ◽  
Freya Ruth Schnabel ◽  
Shira Schwartz ◽  
Chelsea Marin ◽  
Amber Azniv Guth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Background Parenchymal Enhancement ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

10 Background: Research has shown that women of different race have differences in tumor biology. Previous studies have shown that mammographic breast density (BD) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) are associated with breast cancer risk. There is data on the relationship of race and BD, but a dearth of information on the relationship of race and MR imaging characteristics such as fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and BPE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of race with BD, BPE, and FGT in women with breast cancer. Methods: The institutional Breast Cancer Database was queried for all women with newly diagnosed breast cancer from 2010-2015. Variables included age, race, body mass index (BMI), imaging and tumor characteristics. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s Chi Square Tests. Results: A total of 2,092 women were included in this analysis. The median age was 59 years (range 22-95). Majority of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (62%), early stage (0, I) tumors (71%), ER-positive (84%), PR-positive (71%), and HER2-negative (86%). However, there was a higher proportion of later stage (p < 0.0001) and triple negative (p = 0.002) disease among blacks. Compared to whites, blacks had higher BMI, lower BD and lower BPE, while Asians had lower BMI <, higher BD, higher FGT and higher BPE (see table). Conclusions: As previously described, we found differences among races with respect to tumor histology. However, the differences in imaging characteristics between races are likely accounted for by differences in BMI and may not be directly related to breast carcinogenesis. [Table: see text]

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