scholarly journals CT Scanning Findings in Clinically Diagnosed Cerebral Palsy

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Wahed ◽  
Md Altaf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Grey Matter Injury

Background: Cerebral Palsy is a non-progressive disorder due to insult in the developing brain. This causes disorders in muscle tone, posture and movement. Cerebral palsy is usually diagnosed by clinical features. Though risk factors are identified in about 75% of cases, the etiology remains unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging is the standard method to detect central nervous system abnormalities; but in resource poor areas CT Scanning may be an alternative method to elucidate the underlying Central Nervous System abnormalities. Objectives: The objective was to detect CT Scanning findings in different types of Cerebral palsies. Methodology: This was a prospective and cross-sectional study conducted on 525 Children registered at Child Development Center attached to Rangpur Mother and Children Hospital. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed by using an Interview Schedule. During from 1.1.2016 to 31.12.2019 CT scanning of brain was performed purposefully to all children to detect the underlying Central Nervous System abnormalities. The purpose was explained to parents and consent was taken before performing the tests. The children were in sedation during the procedure. Result: A total of 1800 registered children, 525 (29.10%) children were suffering from Cerebral Palsy. The male and female ratio was 3:2 and age distribution was 2.6±1.5 years. Seventy nine percent (79.0%) of children came from poor families. Parental education up to class V was in 65% cases. Maximum number (63.0%) of cases was suffering from spastic type of Cerebral Palsy followed by athetoid type (18.3%) and 7.1% ataxic type. Among spastics, quadriplegia was present in 68.5% of cases followed by hemiplegia (18.5%). Perinatal asphyxia was the commonest (56.1%) risk factor of Cerebral Palsy. Among all the CTs 116 (22.0%) were with normal finding and 409 (78.0%) were with various types of abnormal findings. White Matter Injury was present in 79 (15.0%) of cases and among these volume loss in periventricular areas with ventricular dilatation and deep white matter damage was common. The next abnormalities were Focal Vascular Insults (9.0%), Malformations (5.0%) and Unclassified lesions (4.0%). Grey Matter Injury was common in spastic type of cerebral palsy but there was much overlapping of abnormal findings and most (66.3%) insults occurred in perinatal period. Conclusion: CT scanning of brain is a comparable test to detect the central nervous system abnormalities in resource poor areas. Grey matter injury is the common abnormality in Cerebral palsy but there is much overlapping between CT Scanning findings and clinical diagnosis. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 31-38

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dedy Rahmat ◽  
Irawan Mangunatmadja ◽  
Bambang Tridjaja ◽  
Taralan Tambunan ◽  
Rulina Suradi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background Epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) is usually difficult to treat and can lead to poor prognosis due to increased risk for motor and cognitive disorders. The prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy in children with CP vary among studies.Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP.Methods We performed a retrospective study using medical records of patients with spastic CP at the Departement of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2003 until December 2008. Prevalence ratio was calculated by comparing the prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with and without risk factors. We excluded patients with metabolic disorder, genetic syndrome, and onset of CP after 3 years of age.Results Two hundred thirty six out of 238 spastic CP patients were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis of spastic CP was 28.8 months. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP was 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP were central nervous system infection, the ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life, and abnormality of EE G.Conclusions The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP is 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP are post central nervous system infection, and ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life. [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:11-7].

Profile of Indian Children with Childhood Ataxia and Central Nervous System Hypomyelination/Vanishing White Matter Disease: A single Center Experience from Southern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vykuntaraju K. Gowda ◽  
Varunvenkat M. Srinivasan ◽  
Balamurugan Nagarajan ◽  
Maya Bhat ◽  
Sanjay K. Shivappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
White Matter Disease ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Childhood Ataxia

Abstract Background Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination (CACH) is a recently described childhood inherited white matter disease caused by mutations in any of the five genes encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2B). Methods Retrospective review of the charts of children with CACH from January 2014 to March 2020 at tertiary care center from Southern India. Diagnosis was based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria or genetic testing. Results Total number of children with CACH enrolled were 18. Male/female ratio was 10:8. Mean age of presentation was 37.11 months (range =  6–144 months). Affected siblings were seen in five (28%) cases. All children had spasticity, ataxia, and diffuse white matter changes with similar signal as cerebrospinal fluid on all pulse sequences on MRI brain. Of the 18 children, only nine are alive. Duration of illness among deceased children was 9.6667 months (range = 2–16 months). Waxing and waning of symptoms were seen in seven cases. Genetic analysis of EIF2B gene was performed in five cases, among which three mutations were novel. Conclusion A diagnosis of childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination should be considered in patients presenting with acute onset neuroregression following infection or trauma with associated neuroimaging showing classical white matter findings.

scholarly journals Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pattern in Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prastiya Indra Gunawan ◽  
Riza Noviandi ◽  
Sunny Mariana Samosir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Grey Matter Injury

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) leads to a common static motor neurological disease in children that can be demonstrated with varied neuroimaging findings. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a vital role of determining the presence of brain injury and its extent, with any possibility of determining pathogenic pattern and disease severity. The objective of the study is to evaluate the neuroimaging findings in CP and their correlation to disease severity. Method The research was case-control study, consecutive and complete records of all patients who had a clinical diagnosis of CP and performed a head MRI between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. Cases group were children diagnosed as severe CP with The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) IV-V. Control group were children confirmed as CP with GMFCS I-III. Brain imaging was examined by MRI, in which the abnormalities were classified into grey matter or white matter injury, focal vascular disorder and brain malformation. Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis was applied to identify the correlation. Results Almost 60 cases were reviewed. White matter injury, malformation and focal vascular insult were not correlated significantly to CP severity (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.2-2.2; p = 0.78 and OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.2-1.9; p = 0.57 and OR = 2.034; 95% CI = 0.51-0.76; p = 0.63, respectively). Grey matter injury was more frequent discovered in severe CP (50%) and increased the risk of CP severity (OR = 9; 95% CI = 2.2 – 36; p = 0.002). Conclusion Grey matter injury is considered the most frequent abnormalities of Brain MRI in CP and it could increase the risk of severity.

The relationship between size and vascularity in the spinal cord of developing Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
R. T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

Sterzi (1904) studied the blood vessels of the spinal cord in the embryos and adults of a comprehensive series of chordates. He suggested that the formation of new blood vessels in the developing neural tube is controlled by local variations in the metabolic activity of the nerve cells, and that the grey matter of the adult central nervous system is more vascular than the white matter because it is functionally more active. A marked increase in the vascularity of the central nervous system during development has been demonstrated by quantitative observations on rats (Craigie, 1925), guinea-pigs (Petren, 1938), mice (Gyllensten, 1959a), chickens (Williams, 1937) and toads (Sims, 1961). This increase is associated with the maturation of the neurones and no experiments have been performed which separate the production of new blood vessels and the differentiation of these cells. Experimental conditions which prevent the increased vascularity of the mammalian central nervous system during development also prevent differentiation of the neurones.

Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of 104 Indian families with Central Nervous System White Matter Abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parneet Kaur ◽  
Michelle C. Rosario ◽  
Malavika Hebbar ◽  
Suvasini Sharma ◽  
Neethukrishna Kausthubham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities

scholarly journals Glioblastoma infiltration into central nervous system tissue in vitro: involvement of a metalloprotease.

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 2281-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Paganetti ◽  
P Caroni ◽  
M E Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
C6 Cells ◽  
3T3 Fibroblasts

Differentiated oligodendrocytes and central nervous system (CNS) myelin are nonpermissive substrates for neurite growth and for cell attachment and spreading. This property is due to the presence of membrane-bound inhibitory proteins of 35 and 250 kD and is specifically neutralized by monoclonal antibody IN-1 (Caroni, P., and M. E. Schwab. 1988. Neuron. 1:85-96). Using rat optic nerve explants, CNS frozen sections, cultured oligodendrocytes or CNS myelin, we show here that highly invasive CNS tumor line (C6 glioblastoma) was not inhibited by these myelin-associated inhibitory components. Lack of inhibition was due to a specific mechanism as the metalloenzyme blocker 1,10-phenanthroline and two synthetic dipeptides containing metalloprotease-blocking sequences (gly-phe, tyr-tyr) specifically impaired C6 cell spreading on CNS myelin. In the presence of these inhibitors, C6 cells were affected by the IN-1-sensitive inhibitors in the same manner as control cells, e.g., 3T3 fibroblasts or B16 melanomas. Specific blockers of the serine, cysteine, and aspartyl protease classes had no effect. C6 cell spreading on inhibitor-free substrates such as CNS gray matter, peripheral nervous system myelin, glass, or poly-D-lysine was not sensitive to 1,10-phenanthroline. The nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS myelin were strongly reduced by incubation with a plasma membrane fraction prepared from C6 cells. This reduction was sensitive to the same inhibitors of metalloproteases. In our in vitro model for CNS white matter invasion, cell infiltration of optic nerve explants, which occurred with C6 cells but not with 3T3 fibroblasts or B16 melanomas, was impaired by the presence of the metalloprotease blockers. These results suggest that C6 cell infiltrative behavior in CNS white matter in vitro occurs by means of a metalloproteolytic activity, which probably acts on the myelin-associated inhibitory substrates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document