scholarly journals Study of Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second (FEV1) and Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second and Forced Vital Capacity in Percentage (FEV1/FVC%) in Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipok Kumar Sunyal ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ayesha Yasmin ◽  
Golam Morshed Molla ◽  
Md Liakat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Mean

Background: A few data are available on the effects of pregnancy on pulmonary function in different countries. But no such established data are available in our country. So we designed this study in our population. Objectives: To observe the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) in different trimesters of normal pregnant women and to compare them with those of healthy non-pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This observational and analytical study was carried out in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College during July 2004 to June 2005. Total 100 women aged from 25 to 35 years without any recent history of respiratory tract diseases were selected as study population. Among them, 75 normal pregnant women were taken as experimental and 25 healthy non-pregnant women were taken as control groups. The experimental group included 25 pregnant women in first trimester, 25 in second trimester and 25 in third trimester. Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), ratio of percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) were measured in pregnant and non-pregnant control women. The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were measured by using an ‘automatic spirometer’. Statistical analyses were done by unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test between the study groups and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The mean ± SD of measured values of FEV1 were 2.41 ± 0.87, 2.28 ± 0.59, 2.15 ± 0.74 and 1.89 ± 0.76 liters in non-pregnant women and in pregnant women during first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. The mean ± SD of measured values of FEV1/FVC% were 75.22 ± 16.77, 74.86 ± 11.06, 74.42 ± 17.43 and 71.81 ± 15.87% in nonpregnant women and in pregnant women during first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. Conclusion: The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were significantly lower in third trimester pregnant women than that of non-pregnant and first trimester of pregnant women and FEV1/FVC% gradually decreased from first to third trimester of pregnant women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11926 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 29-32

scholarly journals Study of Forced Vital Capacity in Pregnant Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
D K Sunyal ◽  
Md. R Amin ◽  
M H Molla ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
S Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Group

In the present study. Forced Vital Capacity (PVC) suit estimated in 100 women in Dingo city. For this purpose a total 100 women subjects with age ranged from 25 years to 35 years withow any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected. 75 normal pregnant women as experimental group and 25 healthy non-pregnant women as control. Eiperintemed group included 25 first trimester. 25 second trimester and 25 third trimester of pregnat women. The FVC was estimated by using a automatic spironteter during the first. second and third trimester of pregnant women and also in non-pregnant control. The mean of the measured values of PVC were analysed statistically. The PVC was significantly lower in third trimester of pregnant women than that of non-pregnant women. Again the FVC was significantly haver he third trimester than that of first trimester of pregnant women. There were no statistically significant difference of PVC bentren the nonpregnant and first trimester: ',email the non-pregnant and second trimester; henveen the first trimester and second trimester: and between the second ',integer and third trimester of pregnant women. h may be concluded dun the causes of progressively decreased FVC throughout the pregnancy were most likely to he mechanical effects of progressively increasing uterus that progressively decrease the hum rolume capacity.

scholarly journals Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) Measurement in Each Trimester of Pregnancy: A Screening Parameter for a Healthy Eye During Pregnancy : A Prospective Study!

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-025
Author(s):  
Sruthi G. ◽  
Lalith Sundaram ◽  
Ranjakumar TC ◽  
Rahana Ashraf ◽  
Nimesha Alex
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Screening Parameter ◽  
The Mean

AIM: - To detect central corneal thickness (CCT) in each trimester of pregnancy. Purpose: To evaluate difference in measurement of central corneal thickness due to corneal changes in each trimester of pregnancy. METHOD: - 100 healthy pregnant women within age group ranging from 21 to 35 years were included in the study. Central corneal thickness (Ultrasound Pachymetry), Intra ocular pressure (Goldmann-Applanation Tonometer) was done. Changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) were calculated at 3 time periods: First trimester, Second trimester, Third trimester. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Patients had no systemic or ocular co-morbidities.All of the patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including Refraction, Intraocular pressure (IOP), Anterior segment and Fundus examination. RESULTS: - The mean age was 25 years in the study group. The mean CCT in the second trimester of pregnancy was measured to be higher than first trimester by 1.67% &3.13% by third trimester in right eye & increase of 1.91% in second trimester & 3.03% in third trimester left eye.The results are statistically significant confirmed by ANOVA. CONCLUSION: - Changes during pregnancy causes corneal edema, which is observed in pregnant women resulting from increased water retention during pregnancy. Changes in corneal curvature, central, corneal thickness and steeping may also occur during pregnancy particularly during the second and third trimester. Most of the changes are reversible and resolved in the postpartum period or after cessation of breastfeeding. Awareness of the changes during pregnancy and routine screening during antenatal period should be improvised.

scholarly journals FETAL HEAD ANTHROPOMETRY: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY FROM KUMAUN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Jaiswal ◽  
Ankit Kaushik ◽  
AK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) are important for estimating gestational age (GA), monitoring fetal growth and to rule out congenital abnormalities. Western references using HC and BPD can lead to erroneous GA estimation, therefore regional reference is required. Aim: To measure HC and BPD in fetus at different GA, their relationship with GA and comparison of HC and BPD with expected HC and BPD by “Hadlock’s formula”. Material & Methods: CRL, HC and BPD were measured in 72 fetuses. Mean and standard deviation of HC and BPD were calculated for all fetuses and across three trimesters. The correlation of HC and BPD with GA was calculated and p value was derived. Hadlock’s HC and BPD were calculated for the gestational age. The observed HC and BPD in the study were compared with the Hadlock’s value to find out any difference between them Results: The mean HC of fetuses was 23.7 ± 8.58 cm. The mean HC in first trimester was 6.3 cm, 15.13 cm in second trimester and 30.8 cm in third trimester. The mean HC of fetuses according to Hadlock’s formula was 23.72 ± 8.80 cm. The mean Hadlock’s HC in first trimester was 5.6 cm, 14.92 cm in second trimester and 31.12 cm in third trimester. The mean BPD in the studied fetuses was 5.92 ± 2.24 cm. The mean BPD in first trimester was 1.7 cm, 4.8 cm in second trimester and 7.8 cm in third trimester. The mean Hadlock’s BPD was 6.33 ± 2.41 cm. The mean Hadlock’s BPD in first trimester was 1.6 cm, 4.4 cm in second trimester and 8.3 cm in third trimester. The mean HC of fetuses were nearly equal to mean Hadlock’s formula, while BPD of the study fetuses was less than mean Hadlock’s BPD. Both HC and BPD measured at different GA showed increase, with increase in GA and strong positive correlation and statistically significant association. Conclusion: This study had shown that while HC is nearly equal to Hadlock’s reference, BPD was less than Hadlock’s for GA, reflecting need of local reference data for accurate fetal age estimation.

scholarly journals Correlation of serum biomarkers in prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4402
Author(s):  
Maya Menon ◽  
M. Alaganandha ◽  
Jayanthi Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
The Difference

Background: Adiponectin and Leptin are adipokines produced by adipocytes. TNF-alpha and IL-6 are inflammatory cytokines which increases insulin resistance. Decreased adiponectin, increased leptin, TNF-alpha and IL-6 is associated with risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, characterised by glucose intolerance that begins or first recognised in pregnancy leading to maternal and foetal complications. India has a high prevalence of GDM upto 16.55% by (2hr plasma glucose of more than 140mg/dl). We aimed to evaluate whether ‘First trimester serum biomarkers predict gestational diabetes mellitus’. The objective of the study was to study the serum biomarkers levels in early pregnancy and predict the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. To study the correlation of serum biomarkers levels in gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: The study was conducted between October 2014 to March 2016 in healthy pregnant women aged 20-35 yrs attending the antenatal OPD in ESIC Hospital. Study design: Prospective observational study with three study groups 1. NGT, 2. GDM1, 3. GDM2 with two-time points one at first trimester and other second trimester. Sample size: 125 pregnant women. Work plan: Demographics, baseline characteristics and other clinical risk factors of pregnant women in 1st trimester who consented for the study, meeting the inclusion criteria are noted. 75 gm OGCT (oral glucose challenge test) done at two-time points first and second trimester in the study groups will be analysed using the DIPSI criteria with a cut-off value ≥140mg/dl and divided into 3 groups. Serum biomarkers were measured by DRG ELISA method at one-time point in first trimester in all the 3 groups.Results: The serum levels of adiponectin are comparatively reduced in first trimester GDM1 group. As the difference was not significant with p-value of 0.33 there was no correlation between adiponectin and GDM in our study. Serum leptin is increased in second trimester GDM group but the difference is insignificant with a p value of 0.11 showing no correlation.Conclusions: Among the cytokines IL-6 also shows an increasing tendency in both GDM1 (5.9±0.57) and GDM2 (6.04±1.04) groups compared to the NGT (5.82±0.38) group. Serum TNFα is increased in GDM1 (17.29±17.14) and NGT (17.03±24.03) compared to GDM2 (13.54±17.29) group. 

Gestation specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Akarsu ◽  
Filiz Akbiyik ◽  
Eda Karaismailoglu ◽  
Zeliha Gunnur Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Function Tests

AbstractThyroid function tests are frequently assessed during pregnancy to evaluate thyroid dysfunction or to monitor pre-existing thyroid disease. However, using non-pregnant reference intervals can lead to misclassification. International guidelines recommended that institutions should calculate their own pregnancy-specific reference intervals for free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The objective of this study is to establish gestation-specific reference intervals (GRIs) for thyroid function tests in pregnant Turkish women and to compare these with the age-matched non-pregnant women.Serum samples were collected from 220 non-pregnant women (age: 18–48), and 2460 pregnant women (age: 18–45) with 945 (39%) in the first trimester, 1120 (45%) in the second trimester, and 395 (16%) in the third trimester. TSH, FT4 and FT3 were measured using the Abbott Architect i2000SR analyzer.GRIs of TSH, FT4 and FT3 for first trimester pregnancies were 0.49–2.33 mIU/L, 10.30–18.11 pmol/L and 3.80–5.81 pmol/L, respectively. GRIs for second trimester pregnancies were 0.51–3.44 mIU/L, 10.30–18.15 pmol/L and 3.69–5.90 pmol/L. GRIs for third trimester pregnancies were 0.58–4.31 mIU/L, 10.30–17.89 pmol/L and 3.67–5.81 pmol/L. GRIs for TSH, FT4 and FT3 were different from non-pregnant normal reference intervals.TSH levels showed an increasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester, whereas both FT4 and FT3 levels were uniform throughout gestation. GRIs may help in the diagnosis and appropriate management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy which will prevent both maternal and fetal complications.

scholarly journals Indeks DMF-T dan OHIS pada Ibu Hamil

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Applonia Leo Obi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Second Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract: DMF-T and OHIS index for pregnant women. Pregnancy is a physiological process that causes changes in a woman's body both physically and psychologically. During pregnancy physiological changes occur which are often accompanied by changes in attitude and behavior. The health behavior of pregnant women also has a very big influence on herself and the fetus. This research is a descriptive method. This study aims to determine the rates of DMF-T and OHIS in pregnant women at Oesapa Health Center, Kupang City. Sampling by accidental sampling technique, amounting to 97 pregnant women who visited the MCH polyclinic at the Kupang Oesapa Health Center. The results based on DMF-T figures show that the high prevalence of dental caries in the second-trimester pregnant women group (36.0%) than in the third trimester of pregnancy (28.8%) while OHIS most respondents in the second-trimester pregnancy (36, 1%) had an OHI-S index in the medium category with a ratio of trimester 3 there were 23 people (23.7%) and first trimester around 19 people (19.6%). It was concluded that the DMF-T index of pregnant women in the working area of ​​the Kupang City Oesapa health center was mostly carious and most of the pregnant women examined had caries of more than 4 teeth per person and all pregnant women who were examined for dental and oral hygiene levels showed moderate criteria. Abstrak: Indeks DMF-T dan OHIS pada Ibu Hamil. Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses fisiologis yang menimbulkan perubahan pada tubuh wanita baik fisik maupun psikis. Pada masa kehamilan terjadi perubahan fisiologis yang sering disertai dengan perubahan sikap dan perilaku. perilaku  kesehatan  ibu  hamil  juga  memiliki  pengaruh yang  sangat  besar  bagi  dirinya  sendiri  dan  janin. Penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  angka DMF-T dan OHIS pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik accidental sampling, berjumlah 97 ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke poli KIA di Puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan Angka DMF-T menunjukkan bahwa tingginya prevalensi karies gigi pada kelompok ibu hamil  trimester kehamilan kedua (36,0%) dari pada trimester kehamilan ke tiga (28,8%) sedangkan OHIS sebagian besar responden pada kehamilan trimester 2 (36,1%) memiliki indek OHI-S pada kategori sedang dengan perbandingan trimester 3 ada 23 orang (23,7%) dan trimester I sekitar 19 orang (19,6%). Disimpulkan bahwa indeks DMF-T ibu hamil diwilayah kerja puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang sebagian besar berkaries dan sebagian besar ibu hamil yang diperiksa mempunyai karies lebih dari 4 gigi per orang dan semua ibu hamil yang diperiksa tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulutnya menunjukkan kriteria sedang.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Vaginal Intercourse During Pregnancy: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Stud

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maryam Hasani ◽  
Afsaneh Keramat ◽  
Raziyeh Maasoumi ◽  
Maryam Farjamfar ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Vaginal Intercourse ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reference Manager ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Sexual life may change during pregnancy. Due to negative attitudes toward having sex, unpleasant feeling, and fear of several issues, women might avoid vaginal intercourse during pregnancy. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to investigate the frequency of vaginal intercourse in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Comprehensive literature review was conducted to find the relevant articles published (from December 1990 to April 2018) on the issue including observational studies (e.g., cross-sectional and cohort studies) that certainly determined the mean frequency of vaginal sex throughout pregnancy. In this regard, online international databases such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were independently explored and checked by two authors. Duplicate articles were removed by the EndNote X7 Reference Manager. The results were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. The P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Totally, after excluding the duplicate and irrelevant articles based on having the mean frequency of vaginal intercourse during pregnancy, 13 articles were obtained. The range of vaginal intercourse frequency varied from 6.01 to 21 times every month pre-pregnancy, 3.67-9.87 times monthly in the first trimester, 2.78-7.21 times monthly in the second trimester, and 1.35-5.9 times monthly in the third trimester. Five out of the 13 selected articles reporting the mean and standard deviation were entered the current meta-analysis. The frequency of vaginal intercourse was obtained 7.75 (7.13-8.38) times monthly prior to pregnancy, 4.16 (3.86-4.46) times in the first trimester, 6.37 (5.60-7.14) times monthly in the second trimester, and 1.81 (1.49-2.13) times monthly in the third trimester. Conclusions: Generally, the frequency of vaginal intercourse decreased in the first trimester while increasing in the second trimester. However, a sharp decline was observed between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

scholarly journals PRENATAL YOGA TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PRIMIGRAVIDA TRIMESTER III

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Riza Amalia ◽  
Rusmini Rusmini ◽  
Diki Retno Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
Prolonged Labor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Anxiety in pregnant women often occurs in the third trimester. Anxiety results in prolonged labor, premature birth, LBW (Low Birth Weight). To prevent and reduce anxiety, prenatal yoga as an alternative therapy is given to primigravida pregnant women in the third trimester.The puropose of this study is to find out the influence of prenatal yoga toward anxiety level primigravida in the third trimester in Puskesmas I Kembaran, Banyumas District. This study used quasy experimental with pretest posttest design. The sample in this study are all of primigravida in third trimester, there are 24 pregnant woman in Puskesmas 1 Kembaran. The results showed there were differences in primigravida in third trimester anxiety levels before and after prenatal yoga with p value = 0,000 (p 0.05). There is an influence of prenatal yoga on the level of anxiety primigravida in third trimester. There is a change in the mean level of anxiety of 11,3. 

scholarly journals Inter Trimester Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Andira Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Abnormal Hemoglobin ◽  
Research Criteria

Hemoglobin functions to transport all oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells. Hemoglobin contains iron and is still present in red blood cells. In pregnant women hemoglobin levels are often abnormal. According to PMK RI No. 97 of 2014 concerning health services, it stipulates that pregnant women are checked for hemoglobin at least once in the first trimester and once in the third trimester. This is done to determine the condition of pregnant women during pregnancy. Low hemoglobin levels cause anemia. Anemia in pregnant women can affect the process of fetal growth and development in the womb. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemoglobin level between trimesters in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020. The research criteria was a descriptive study using a retrospective time series design using secondary data. The results of inter-trimester hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020 are in the first trimester 40% normal hemoglobin levels and 60% abnormal hemoglobin levels, in the second trimester hemoglobin levels are 72% normal and 28% hemoglobin levels are not normal, in the second trimester the hemoglobin levels are normal and 28% are abnormal. III 96% normal hemoglobin level and 4% abnormal hemoglobin level. Inter-trimester hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020 tend to be higher based on trimesters I, II and III.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Sialic Acid, and pH in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Shirzaiy ◽  
Zohreh Dalirsani
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives During pregnancy, systemic physiological alterations lead to some changes in the oral cavity, which could prepare the mouth environment for oral and dental problems. This study was aimed to investigate salivary α-amylase, sialic acid levels, and pH levels in pregnant and nonpregnant females. Materials and Methods In this analytical, case–control study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected with spiting method from 35 pregnant women (case group) and 35 nonpregnant women (control group) and transferred to the laboratory to assess salivary α-amylase, sialic acid, and pH levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version: 19) software through statistical methods of independent t-test and analysis of variance. Results The mean sialic acid levels were 2.285 ± 1.230 mg/dL in pregnant and 2.744 ± 1.326 in nonpregnant women without any significant difference (p = 0.138). The mean salivary α-amylase concentrations were 2.461 ± 1.869 U/L and 2.439 ± 2.058 U/L, respectively, in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with no significant difference (p = 0.963).The mean salivary pH in nonpregnant women was significantly more than that in pregnant women (7.845 ± 0.430 and 6.868 ± 0.413, respectively) (p < 0.001). Also, the mean salivary pH levels in pregnant women were 7.474 ± 0.420 in the first trimester, 6.868 ± 0.413 in the second trimester, and 6.568 ± 0.387 in the third trimester, which were significantly different (p < 0.001). Conclusion Salivary sialic acid and α-amylase levels among pregnant women were no different from those of other subjects. During pregnancy, the salivary pH significantly reduced, and the mean salivary pH during pregnancy had a decreasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester.

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