scholarly journals Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) Measurement in Each Trimester of Pregnancy: A Screening Parameter for a Healthy Eye During Pregnancy : A Prospective Study!

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-025
Author(s):  
Sruthi G. ◽  
Lalith Sundaram ◽  
Ranjakumar TC ◽  
Rahana Ashraf ◽  
Nimesha Alex
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Screening Parameter ◽  
The Mean

AIM: - To detect central corneal thickness (CCT) in each trimester of pregnancy. Purpose: To evaluate difference in measurement of central corneal thickness due to corneal changes in each trimester of pregnancy. METHOD: - 100 healthy pregnant women within age group ranging from 21 to 35 years were included in the study. Central corneal thickness (Ultrasound Pachymetry), Intra ocular pressure (Goldmann-Applanation Tonometer) was done. Changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) were calculated at 3 time periods: First trimester, Second trimester, Third trimester. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Patients had no systemic or ocular co-morbidities.All of the patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including Refraction, Intraocular pressure (IOP), Anterior segment and Fundus examination. RESULTS: - The mean age was 25 years in the study group. The mean CCT in the second trimester of pregnancy was measured to be higher than first trimester by 1.67% &3.13% by third trimester in right eye & increase of 1.91% in second trimester & 3.03% in third trimester left eye.The results are statistically significant confirmed by ANOVA. CONCLUSION: - Changes during pregnancy causes corneal edema, which is observed in pregnant women resulting from increased water retention during pregnancy. Changes in corneal curvature, central, corneal thickness and steeping may also occur during pregnancy particularly during the second and third trimester. Most of the changes are reversible and resolved in the postpartum period or after cessation of breastfeeding. Awareness of the changes during pregnancy and routine screening during antenatal period should be improvised.

scholarly journals Study of Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second (FEV1) and Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second and Forced Vital Capacity in Percentage (FEV1/FVC%) in Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipok Kumar Sunyal ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ayesha Yasmin ◽  
Golam Morshed Molla ◽  
Md Liakat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Mean

Background: A few data are available on the effects of pregnancy on pulmonary function in different countries. But no such established data are available in our country. So we designed this study in our population. Objectives: To observe the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) in different trimesters of normal pregnant women and to compare them with those of healthy non-pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This observational and analytical study was carried out in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College during July 2004 to June 2005. Total 100 women aged from 25 to 35 years without any recent history of respiratory tract diseases were selected as study population. Among them, 75 normal pregnant women were taken as experimental and 25 healthy non-pregnant women were taken as control groups. The experimental group included 25 pregnant women in first trimester, 25 in second trimester and 25 in third trimester. Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), ratio of percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) were measured in pregnant and non-pregnant control women. The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were measured by using an ‘automatic spirometer’. Statistical analyses were done by unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test between the study groups and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The mean ± SD of measured values of FEV1 were 2.41 ± 0.87, 2.28 ± 0.59, 2.15 ± 0.74 and 1.89 ± 0.76 liters in non-pregnant women and in pregnant women during first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. The mean ± SD of measured values of FEV1/FVC% were 75.22 ± 16.77, 74.86 ± 11.06, 74.42 ± 17.43 and 71.81 ± 15.87% in nonpregnant women and in pregnant women during first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. Conclusion: The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were significantly lower in third trimester pregnant women than that of non-pregnant and first trimester of pregnant women and FEV1/FVC% gradually decreased from first to third trimester of pregnant women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11926 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 29-32

scholarly journals Correlation between Central Corneal Thickness and Degree of Myopia among Malaysian Patients Undergoing Laser Keratorefractive Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy ◽  
Mohd Mansor Shariff ◽  
Aina Malindri Dasrilsyah
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To determine the central corneal thickness in myopic adult patients scheduled for laser corneal refractive surgery and to explore its correlation with degree of refractive error. Materials and Methods: The case records of 130 myopic patients who underwent laser corneal refractive surgery in a military hospital over a period of two years were reviewed to determine the central corneal thickness. All patients had 6/6 vision with best correction, and did not have any other anterior segment or fundus diseases in both eyes. The central corneal thickness was measured with Visante Carl Zeiss anterior segment optical coherence tomography instrument.                                                                                                                        Results: Out of 130 patients, males were more (73, 56.2%); mean age of patients was 33.8 years (range 18-60 years) and majority were Malays (110, 84.6%).  The spherical power of myopia ranged from – 0.5 to – 10.00 D, and the cylindrical power ranged from – 0.25 to – 3.25 D. The mean central corneal thickness of both eyes was 528.2 µm (range 331- 615 µm); in the mild degree of myopia (- 0.50 to - 2.00 D) 527.9 µm, moderate degree (- 2.25 to -5.00 D) 529.4 µm, and high degree (-5.25 to -11.00 D) 523.9 µm. Conclusion: The anterior segment optical coherence tomography provides noncontact, rapid, pachymetry mapping of the corneal thickness. In Malaysian patients, the mean central corneal thickness of both eyes in myopia was 528.1 µm (range 331- 615 µm). There was no correlation between the mean central corneal thickness and degree of myopia, different genders, age groups, ethnic groups and two eyes.

Gestation specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Akarsu ◽  
Filiz Akbiyik ◽  
Eda Karaismailoglu ◽  
Zeliha Gunnur Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Function Tests

AbstractThyroid function tests are frequently assessed during pregnancy to evaluate thyroid dysfunction or to monitor pre-existing thyroid disease. However, using non-pregnant reference intervals can lead to misclassification. International guidelines recommended that institutions should calculate their own pregnancy-specific reference intervals for free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The objective of this study is to establish gestation-specific reference intervals (GRIs) for thyroid function tests in pregnant Turkish women and to compare these with the age-matched non-pregnant women.Serum samples were collected from 220 non-pregnant women (age: 18–48), and 2460 pregnant women (age: 18–45) with 945 (39%) in the first trimester, 1120 (45%) in the second trimester, and 395 (16%) in the third trimester. TSH, FT4 and FT3 were measured using the Abbott Architect i2000SR analyzer.GRIs of TSH, FT4 and FT3 for first trimester pregnancies were 0.49–2.33 mIU/L, 10.30–18.11 pmol/L and 3.80–5.81 pmol/L, respectively. GRIs for second trimester pregnancies were 0.51–3.44 mIU/L, 10.30–18.15 pmol/L and 3.69–5.90 pmol/L. GRIs for third trimester pregnancies were 0.58–4.31 mIU/L, 10.30–17.89 pmol/L and 3.67–5.81 pmol/L. GRIs for TSH, FT4 and FT3 were different from non-pregnant normal reference intervals.TSH levels showed an increasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester, whereas both FT4 and FT3 levels were uniform throughout gestation. GRIs may help in the diagnosis and appropriate management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy which will prevent both maternal and fetal complications.

scholarly journals Indeks DMF-T dan OHIS pada Ibu Hamil

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Applonia Leo Obi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Second Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract: DMF-T and OHIS index for pregnant women. Pregnancy is a physiological process that causes changes in a woman's body both physically and psychologically. During pregnancy physiological changes occur which are often accompanied by changes in attitude and behavior. The health behavior of pregnant women also has a very big influence on herself and the fetus. This research is a descriptive method. This study aims to determine the rates of DMF-T and OHIS in pregnant women at Oesapa Health Center, Kupang City. Sampling by accidental sampling technique, amounting to 97 pregnant women who visited the MCH polyclinic at the Kupang Oesapa Health Center. The results based on DMF-T figures show that the high prevalence of dental caries in the second-trimester pregnant women group (36.0%) than in the third trimester of pregnancy (28.8%) while OHIS most respondents in the second-trimester pregnancy (36, 1%) had an OHI-S index in the medium category with a ratio of trimester 3 there were 23 people (23.7%) and first trimester around 19 people (19.6%). It was concluded that the DMF-T index of pregnant women in the working area of ​​the Kupang City Oesapa health center was mostly carious and most of the pregnant women examined had caries of more than 4 teeth per person and all pregnant women who were examined for dental and oral hygiene levels showed moderate criteria. Abstrak: Indeks DMF-T dan OHIS pada Ibu Hamil. Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses fisiologis yang menimbulkan perubahan pada tubuh wanita baik fisik maupun psikis. Pada masa kehamilan terjadi perubahan fisiologis yang sering disertai dengan perubahan sikap dan perilaku. perilaku  kesehatan  ibu  hamil  juga  memiliki  pengaruh yang  sangat  besar  bagi  dirinya  sendiri  dan  janin. Penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  angka DMF-T dan OHIS pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik accidental sampling, berjumlah 97 ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke poli KIA di Puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan Angka DMF-T menunjukkan bahwa tingginya prevalensi karies gigi pada kelompok ibu hamil  trimester kehamilan kedua (36,0%) dari pada trimester kehamilan ke tiga (28,8%) sedangkan OHIS sebagian besar responden pada kehamilan trimester 2 (36,1%) memiliki indek OHI-S pada kategori sedang dengan perbandingan trimester 3 ada 23 orang (23,7%) dan trimester I sekitar 19 orang (19,6%). Disimpulkan bahwa indeks DMF-T ibu hamil diwilayah kerja puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang sebagian besar berkaries dan sebagian besar ibu hamil yang diperiksa mempunyai karies lebih dari 4 gigi per orang dan semua ibu hamil yang diperiksa tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulutnya menunjukkan kriteria sedang.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Vaginal Intercourse During Pregnancy: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Stud

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maryam Hasani ◽  
Afsaneh Keramat ◽  
Raziyeh Maasoumi ◽  
Maryam Farjamfar ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Vaginal Intercourse ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reference Manager ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Sexual life may change during pregnancy. Due to negative attitudes toward having sex, unpleasant feeling, and fear of several issues, women might avoid vaginal intercourse during pregnancy. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to investigate the frequency of vaginal intercourse in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Comprehensive literature review was conducted to find the relevant articles published (from December 1990 to April 2018) on the issue including observational studies (e.g., cross-sectional and cohort studies) that certainly determined the mean frequency of vaginal sex throughout pregnancy. In this regard, online international databases such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were independently explored and checked by two authors. Duplicate articles were removed by the EndNote X7 Reference Manager. The results were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. The P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Totally, after excluding the duplicate and irrelevant articles based on having the mean frequency of vaginal intercourse during pregnancy, 13 articles were obtained. The range of vaginal intercourse frequency varied from 6.01 to 21 times every month pre-pregnancy, 3.67-9.87 times monthly in the first trimester, 2.78-7.21 times monthly in the second trimester, and 1.35-5.9 times monthly in the third trimester. Five out of the 13 selected articles reporting the mean and standard deviation were entered the current meta-analysis. The frequency of vaginal intercourse was obtained 7.75 (7.13-8.38) times monthly prior to pregnancy, 4.16 (3.86-4.46) times in the first trimester, 6.37 (5.60-7.14) times monthly in the second trimester, and 1.81 (1.49-2.13) times monthly in the third trimester. Conclusions: Generally, the frequency of vaginal intercourse decreased in the first trimester while increasing in the second trimester. However, a sharp decline was observed between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Inter Trimester Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Andira Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Abnormal Hemoglobin ◽  
Research Criteria

Hemoglobin functions to transport all oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells. Hemoglobin contains iron and is still present in red blood cells. In pregnant women hemoglobin levels are often abnormal. According to PMK RI No. 97 of 2014 concerning health services, it stipulates that pregnant women are checked for hemoglobin at least once in the first trimester and once in the third trimester. This is done to determine the condition of pregnant women during pregnancy. Low hemoglobin levels cause anemia. Anemia in pregnant women can affect the process of fetal growth and development in the womb. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemoglobin level between trimesters in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020. The research criteria was a descriptive study using a retrospective time series design using secondary data. The results of inter-trimester hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020 are in the first trimester 40% normal hemoglobin levels and 60% abnormal hemoglobin levels, in the second trimester hemoglobin levels are 72% normal and 28% hemoglobin levels are not normal, in the second trimester the hemoglobin levels are normal and 28% are abnormal. III 96% normal hemoglobin level and 4% abnormal hemoglobin level. Inter-trimester hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Jatilawang Health Center, Banyumas Regency in 2020 tend to be higher based on trimesters I, II and III.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Sialic Acid, and pH in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Shirzaiy ◽  
Zohreh Dalirsani
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives During pregnancy, systemic physiological alterations lead to some changes in the oral cavity, which could prepare the mouth environment for oral and dental problems. This study was aimed to investigate salivary α-amylase, sialic acid levels, and pH levels in pregnant and nonpregnant females. Materials and Methods In this analytical, case–control study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected with spiting method from 35 pregnant women (case group) and 35 nonpregnant women (control group) and transferred to the laboratory to assess salivary α-amylase, sialic acid, and pH levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version: 19) software through statistical methods of independent t-test and analysis of variance. Results The mean sialic acid levels were 2.285 ± 1.230 mg/dL in pregnant and 2.744 ± 1.326 in nonpregnant women without any significant difference (p = 0.138). The mean salivary α-amylase concentrations were 2.461 ± 1.869 U/L and 2.439 ± 2.058 U/L, respectively, in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with no significant difference (p = 0.963).The mean salivary pH in nonpregnant women was significantly more than that in pregnant women (7.845 ± 0.430 and 6.868 ± 0.413, respectively) (p < 0.001). Also, the mean salivary pH levels in pregnant women were 7.474 ± 0.420 in the first trimester, 6.868 ± 0.413 in the second trimester, and 6.568 ± 0.387 in the third trimester, which were significantly different (p < 0.001). Conclusion Salivary sialic acid and α-amylase levels among pregnant women were no different from those of other subjects. During pregnancy, the salivary pH significantly reduced, and the mean salivary pH during pregnancy had a decreasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester.

scholarly journals Physiological changes in iron and blood parameters during different pregnancy trimesters in pregnant women in Baghdad

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Marwa Thamir Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Examination Result

 SummaryThis work was carried out for four months in the province of Baghdad including many hospital in Bagdad during 1st of the November 2016 until 28 February 2017. 120 pregnant women included in the present study ranged in age from 14 - 42 years were randomly selected. Pregnant women were divided into three groups according to the different periods of pregnancy every trimester include 40 pregnant women divided to 20 pregnant women with anemia and 20 without anemia after taking a blood  film and hemoglobin as a good adoption indicator for diagnosis of anemia, also, history taken by previously diagnosis and by physical examination. Result of the three trimesters in indicators the blood of pregnant women with or without anemia, showed that the first trimester all of the parameters of indicators the blood (Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were decreased in women with anemia compared with women without anemia, also in second and third trimester decreased. However, in second trimester the values of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC decreased in women with anemia on the values of the first trimester. On the other hand a values of indicators the blood in a third trimester less than the second trimester. Indicator of iron (SI, TIBC, TS and SF) for women with anemia in first trimester was less than from women without anemia. However, in second trimester the values of SI, TIBC, TS and SF decreased in women with anemia on the values of the first trimester. Father more, the values of indicator of iron in a third trimester less than in the second trimester. When comparison in blood parameters (Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC) between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy women noticed that the all parameters decreased gradually from the first trimesters to second to third trimester. Iron deficiency marked increase was famous in pregnant women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, due to high fetal and placenta growth rates and development of red cell mass mother. Thus anemia affects up to 70% of pregnant women. Blood indicators RBC, RDW, platelet and MPV for all pregnant women in the first trimester was decreased in women with anemia compared with women without anemia in all parameters of this, also in second and third trimester. Further more in second decreased from first, also in third less that from second. White blood cell and their various types (NEU, LYM, Mono, ESO and BASO) were impressed with the pregnant women with anemia in first and second trimesters WBC and NEU% increased but LYM%, Mono%, ESO% and BASO% decreased. However, in the third trimester WBC, NEU% and BASO% decreased but LYM%, Mono%, and EOS% increased. The results of the study found out that the is a clear correlation between anemia in pregnant women and some social factors, such as: occupation, monthly income and maternal education.

scholarly journals PREDICTORS OF POOR PROGNOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID-19: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN THE MATERNITY MOTHER AND CHILD UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF CASABLANCA MOROCCO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-741
Author(s):  
Lamrissi A. ◽  
◽  
Midyani H. ◽  
Khalloufi C. ◽  
Jalal M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Maternity Unit ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mother And Child

Objective: We aim to study the clinicalcharacteristics, the evolution of COVID-19 on pregnant women and survival factors. Study design: Its a prospective cohortstudy in a large tertiary maternity unit within the Mother and Child University Hospital Ibn Rochd of Casablanca with an average annual birth of over 6950 births. We prospectively collected and analyzed data for a cohort of 40 pregnant patients tested positive for COVID-19 between January 2020 and December 2020 inclusive to assess the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy. Results: Forty pregnant patients testedpositive for COVID-19, 36 patients gave birth and 4 patients died pregnant. The severity of the symptoms ranged from mild in 20/40 (50%) of the patients, moderate in 7/40 (17,5%), and severe in 13/40 (32,5%). Thirteen of our patients were admitted to invasive care units, six were in their third trimester, and seven in their second trimester nine were intubated and ventilated prior to delivery and three of them required Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Among these patients intubated only two survived. Most common comorbidities were gestational diabetes 4/40 (10 %), asthma 4/40 (10 %), preeclampsia 7/40 (17,5%). Of the 40 pregnant patients 31 (77,5%) were in their third trimester, 8 (20%) women in their second trimester, and one in her first trimester. Of the 36 patients who delivered, 12/36 (33,3 %) were preterm delivered by elective C-sections. The death rate was 17,5% (7/40). Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with high prevalence of preterm birth, caesarean section, and a high mortality rate.

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