scholarly journals State of the Environment in Slum Area: A Case Study on Khora Slum, Khulna

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
TT Tanni ◽  
MJ Hasan ◽  
AK Azad ◽  
B Bakali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Housing Condition ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The People ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Slum Settlements

The people fall in low income group is generally migrants and the local poor. Majority of slum people are living in poor quality housing where the absence of basic services and facilities is significant. The aim of the study is to evaluate the existing housing condition, to identify the present condition of sanitary facilities & drainage facilities, to evaluate the present condition of drinking water quality (lab analysis) & to determine the level of noise as this area is near to the main bus station & health services. To collect the required information random sampling method was used and questionnaire survey was done with slum dwellers. Lab analysis was made to find out the water quality. The noise level was measured using Noise Level meter. The study has tried to analyze the problem and advantages for living in the slum settlements, the slum settlements consequences on surroundings with a special reference of Khora Slum of Khulna City Corporation. The housing condition of the study area is not good. About 80% houses are in such a condition that it is very hard to live in there. The main problem is that these people are not aware of the environment where they are living as it is not their permanent living place. It was found that responsible authorities are not doing anything for the slum people. There is no qualified doctor in that area. Though the sadar hospital is nearer but they don’t have enough money to go there. Mosquito is main problem here as there is no fixed place for throwing their household waste. Sanitation facilities are very poor here. There is only one community sanitary latrine with three chambers but it is not sufficient for all the people of the slum. Drinking water is another problem here as there exists only five tube wells of three are used by most of the people and the quality of water of the tube wells were analyzed in the lab. It was found that salinity level is very high (10 ppt) & color is dark of the water of the tube wells. By this study it will be easy to get the idea about house rent structure of the slums, getting services and facilities of the slums, distance of the services and facilities from the settlements, water supply and other utility services conditions of the slums.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22187 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 295-304 2014

scholarly journals Effects of Riverbed Extraction on Ground Water Resources in the Vicinity of Tinau River, Rupandehi

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khet R Dahal ◽  
Chandra P Poudyal ◽  
Prajwal Adhikari ◽  
Subodh Sharma ◽  
Jitendra Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Dug Well

CORRECTION: The correct PDF for this article was loaded on 22/04/2013.The study was carried out in the vicinity of the Tinau river, Rupandehi, Nepal from July 2011 to June 2012. Ten number of shallow tube wells (STWs) of depths 5.18 m to 7.62 m, four shallow tube wells (STWs) of depths 28.96 m to 36.58 m. from Amawa and Farsatikar Village Development Committees and one dug well (DW) from Butwal Municipality were selected for the purpose of this study. The depth of the STWs was different but many STWs were of 6.09 m deep. The DW was of 18.29 m. The information was collected from the owners during field visit of the sites. A standard questionnaire was prepared and asked to the affected persons. The site observation was done in the dry season as well as in the rainy seasons. It was found that the extraction of riverbed materials from the river channel and the flood plain area has adversely affected the aquatic environment of the Tinau river. Massive extraction of the riverbed materials from this river started after the enforcement of local governance act, and regulation 1999. The income generated from the riverbed materials is quite enough. This is one of the major sources of income generation of DDC Rupandehi and the VDCs attached to this river (from Butwal to Bethari). The depth of the river increased due to extraction activities as a result groundwater table lowered. The STWs having depth of 5.18 to 7.62 m stopped discharging water from the aquifer in the dry season. Similarly DW of Butwal municipality having depth of 18.29 m stopped discharging water at dry season. But the STWs of depths from 28.96 m to 36.58 m. located at the same area/site were not affected by the extraction in the Tinau river. The people, who are residing on the bank of the river Tinau, suffered from drinking water problem because they are using the water from STWs. The effect is directly facing the people of low and medium level having low income generation. The extraction activity is going on and the deficit of water availability in STWs and DW is common in the vicinity of the Tinau river especially in the upstream (from Butwal to Paschim Amawa), whereas there is less effects of riverbed extraction for STWs of depths more than 27.43 m in the same sites. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 133-140 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7726

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality in Urban Areas of Pakistan: A Case Study of Gujranwala City

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Sajjad Haydar ◽  
Obaidullah Nadeem ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Haroon Rashid ◽  
Rashid Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Before And After

A study was conducted to evaluate the drinking water quality of Gujranwala city. Samples were collected from 16 locations including: 4 tube wells, 4 overhead reservoirs (OHR) and 8 house connections. Twelve physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters were tested, before and after monsoon and compared with National Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The results demonstrated that most of the physicochemical parameters, except lead, nickle and chromium were within NSDWQ before and after monsoon. Bacteriological and heavy metal contamination was found before and after the monsoon. Possible reasons of contamination are: no disinfection, old and leaking water pipes, poor drainage duringmonsoon and possible cross connections between water and sewerage lines. It is recommended to practice disinfection, laying of water and sewerage pipes on opposite sides of streets and periodic water quality monitoring.

DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND PROVISION IN LOW-INCOME, PERI-URBAN COMMUNITIES OF LUSAKA, ZAMBIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Levy ◽  
◽  
Cameron Hay ◽  
Rodwell Chandipo ◽  
Imasiku Nyambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Drinking Water Quality

scholarly journals Inequalities in microbial contamination of drinking water supplies in urban areas: the case of Lilongwe, Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akosua Sarpong Boakye-Ansah ◽  
Giuliana Ferrero ◽  
Maria Rusca ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Household Level

Over past decades strategies for improving access to drinking water in cities of the Global South have mainly focused on increasing coverage, while water quality has often been overlooked. This paper focuses on drinking water quality in the centralized water supply network of Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. It shows how microbial contamination of drinking water is unequally distributed to consumers in low-income (unplanned areas) and higher-income neighbourhoods (planned areas). Microbial contamination and residual disinfectant concentration were measured in 170 water samples collected from in-house taps in high-income areas and from kiosks and water storage facilities in low-income areas between November 2014 and January 2015. Faecal contamination (Escherichia coli) was detected in 10% of the 40 samples collected from planned areas, in 59% of the 64 samples collected from kiosks in the unplanned areas and in 75% of the 32 samples of water stored at household level. Differences in water quality in planned and unplanned areas were found to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. Finally, the paper shows how the inequalities in microbial contamination of drinking water are produced by decisions both on the development of the water supply infrastructure and on how this is operated and maintained.

scholarly journals The impact of rainfall on drinking water quality in Antananarivo, Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bastaraud ◽  
Emeline Perthame ◽  
Jean-Marius Rakotondramanga ◽  
Jackson Mahazosaotra ◽  
Noro Ravaonindrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLow-income cities that are subject to high population pressure and vulnerable to climate events often have a low capacity to continuously deliver safe drinking water. Here we report the findings of a 32-year investigation of the temporal dynamics of indicators of drinking water quality in the city of Antananarivo, where we assess the long-term evolution of supplied water quality and characterize the interactions between climate conditions and the full-scale supply system. A total of 25,467 water samples were collected every week at different points in the supplied drinking water system. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal Enterococci (IE), and spores of Clostridia (SSRC). Nine-hundred-eighty-one samples that were identified as positive for one or more indicators were unevenly distributed across the series. The breakpoint method identified four periods when the time series displayed changes in the level and profile of contamination (i) and the monthly pattern of contamination (ii), with more direct effects of rainfall on the quality of supplied drinking water. The modeling showed significantly different lags among indicators of bacteria occurrence after cumulative rainfall, which range from 4 to 8 weeks. Among the effects of low-income urbanization, a rapid demographic transition and urban watershed degradation are progressively affecting the quality of supplied water and resulting in the more direct effects of rainfall events.

Quality Perceptions and Water Treatment Behavior at the Household Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Aksan ◽  
William F. Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Quality Perceptions ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

Contaminated drinking water is a major contributor to illnesses in low-income countries. Individuals may take measures to avoid drinking contaminated water, by boiling, filtering, or chlorinating it, or by drinking bottled water. However, lack of information about water quality in some communities may lead individuals to perceive water quality to be better than it could be and therefore not allocate sufficient resources to avoid drinking contaminated water, or to perceive water quality to be worse than it is thereby wasting resources on treating the water or buying bottled water. We build an expected utility model to demonstrate that individuals may over or under invest in improving drinking water depending on their perceptions of water quality. Perceptions depend on uncertain health outcomes as well as other potentially confounding influences (e.g., aesthetic characteristics of the water and cultural norms). Simulations demonstrate conditions under which individuals correct their perceptions over time versus when policy interventions (e.g., information campaigns) may effectively correct perceptions.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Penjernihan Air Sederhana Secara Mandiri Di Level Komunitas Teori Dan Praktik

2017 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ernawati Hendrakusumah
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
The People ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Standard Quality

PKM activity is based on the phenomenon of many people who do not get access to drinking water services (SPAM) in standard quality. The PKM Objects is a community in Cikole village Lembang district, Bandung Barat regency whose predominantly work as farmers and use raw water sources to fulfil their needs and even for drinking water direct from the surface water comes from mountain spring water, without the appropriate water treatment standards. The water from the source  accommodated through the water reservoirs and then distributed by gravity directly to each home with simple piping systems, without going through the process of screening and testing the water quality in advance. Regarding quality, the water requires the filtering, especially during the rainy season. Therefore through the PKM activity of "The Training of Environmental Sanitation Management: Water Treatment” hopes that the people, besides the understanding the standard criteria of water quality, are also able to do the water treatment through screening models / simple water purification that can be done independently by the community. The PKM activity has involved several related institutions, starting at the level community such as RT, RW, Kadus, water management, Cikole village officials and Lembang district, Bandung Barat regency.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbial Groundwater Quality Assessment and Evaluation in Noakhali Region, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Protima Sarker ◽  
Sabikun Nahar ◽  
Runa Begum ◽  
S. K. Sayed Reza ◽  
Md. Shiblur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
High Positive Correlation

Groundwater is an essential and valuable natural source of drinking water. But sometime ground water contains different types of chemical or biological substance which make water unsuitable for consumption. Quality of the ground water varies in different location. The recent study emphasized on monitoring the present condition of groundwater in the coastal region of Noakhali. The study area covered 24 different locations of two large Upazila Subarnachar and Kabirhat of Noakhali District. Groundwater quality was examined by analyzing various physicochemical parameters and microbial parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity, Total Hardness, Potassium, Sulphate, Chloride ions, Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, and Total Bacterial Viable Count. These parameters were compared with the drinking water quality standards recommended by WHO and Bangladesh local standards. From the analysis, it was observed that pH, Sulphate, Potassium were within the acceptable limit according to WHO and Bangladesh standards. But maximum tube-wells water contains huge amount of TDS (6040 mg/l), EC (1786µs/cm), Salinity (6.8%) and hardness (1050 mg/l), which is not safe for human health. From the correlation studies of the water quality parameters, relatively high positive correlation between some chemical parameters was found. And it signifies a common origin or progressive enrichment of both parameters. The analysis of biological parameters showed the presence of bacteria in many of the water samples. Maximum value of Total coliform found from the groundwater was TNTC and fecal coliform was 3×101 CFU/ml. According to WHO and Bangladesh standard the groundwater of this region is not suitable for drinking. So, some simple primary treatment is needed prior to use this water for drinking purposes and necessary steps should be taken for alternative safe source of drinking water in this region.

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