scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost Icebox for Preservation and Transportation of Iced Fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
AKM Nowsad ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
FH Shikha
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Post Harvest Loss ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
Puntius Sophore

A low-cost icebox was developed and its efficacy in icing fish was evaluated in order to minimize huge post-harvest loss and ensure adequate price of wet fish through quality maintenance. Traditional bamboo basket capable of containing 25-30 kg fresh fish was wrapped inside, bottom and top twice by polythene gunny sacs. In between the two layers of gunny sacs, a layer of plant leave mat (hogla mat) and a layer of old nylon net/cloths were placed for insulation. A small plastic pipe (1 cm diameter, 60 cm long) was inserted through the bottom to drain out melted water. The rear end of the pipe was kept fasten with the rim of the basket. To keep the iced fish inside of the wrapped basket, a separate plain polythene sheet was used. Freshly caught Puntius sophore (5.8 ± 0.4 cm) and Cirrhinus mrigala (16.4 ± 1.3 cm) were preserved under adequate icing for 7 to 10 days. Temperature of the iced fish inside was maintained between 0.4o to 3.1oC. Freshness of the fish kept in the new icebox during preservation and transportation was investigated through sensory and biochemical methods. No chance of secondary contamination was found in new ice box because the fish could not come in contact of the basket materials. The device was very easy to clean and keep clean. Shape of filled icebox was found regular and stout with no sign of breakage and leakage. Rate of melting of ice was 23.0 ± 1.6% in 24 hours. Replacement of ice was done at such rate. Melted water was adequately drained out. Iced C. mrigala and P. sophore kept in the icebox were in excellent quality in terms of both sensory and biochemical indicators till the end of 7th or 10th day, respectively. The study suggested that the new icebox was effective in preserving and transporting iced fish.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16952 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 119 - 127, 2008

scholarly journals Ethylene induces soil microbes to delay fruit ripening

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenevere Perry ◽  
Diane Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Transportation Container ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The consumer demand for fresh fruits and vegetables increases every year, and farmers need a low cost novel method to reduce post-harvest loss and preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. This study identifies a method to induce soil bacteria to biosynthesize a nitrile compound that potentially enters the plants tissue and negatively affects climacteric ripening and delays the ripening process at 20-30˚C. This study used soil rich with soil microbes, to delay the ripening of climacteric fruit. The soil was treated with nitrogen, a heavy metal, and ethylene gas. Ethylene induced the soil to delay the ripening of organic bananas and peaches. A prototype transportation container maintained fruit fresh for up to 72 h at 20-30˚C. The fruit retained color, firmness, texture, no bruising and minimal spotting. The soil also prevented fungal infection in all samples. GC-MS analysis suggests ethylene induced the soil microbes to release an acetonitrile compound into the gaseous environment. The nitrile is released in low concentrations, but mature plants (fruits) contain very low levels of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The nitrile may obstruct or modify the mature plants (fruit) late stages development process, thus delay the climacteric ripening process and retarding the physiological and phenotypic effects of fruit ripening. We believe this study may have strong applications for post-harvest biotechnology.

Studies on application of fish waste for synthesis of high quality biodiesel

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (59) ◽  
pp. 31462-31468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devarapaga Madhu ◽  
Bhaskar Singh ◽  
Yogesh C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala

A low cost raw material obtained from the discarded parts of fish (Cirrhinus mrigala, Cirrhinus cirrhosa, Cirrhinus reba) was utilized as feedstock oil and catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel.

Packaging MEM Sensor Arrays

1999 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Marinis ◽  
D. A. Fulginiti ◽  
H. G. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Sensor Package

AbstractMany applications of MEM sensors require hermetic or high vacuum packaging of sensor clusters. For example, multiple gyroscopes or accelerometers are fabricated on a single chip to improve alignment and stability of input axes or increase the dynamic range of instruments. Chemical sensors are fabricated as large arrays to both improve selectivity and increase the number of species that can be detected. Still larger arrays of sensors must be packaged for hydrophone and bolometer imaging devices. All of these applications place a demanding combination of requirements on the sensor package. The electrical outputs of the sensor array must be well isolated from each other as well as power and excitation signals, while parasitic capacitance is minimized. The package must also be capable of being evacuated and sealed to achieve a pressure of 5 millitorr with a leakage rate below 10−11 [Std cc sec−l]. Finally, the package must be compact and low cost to realize these same attributes of the MEM sensor. This paper describes a packaging approach that is based on low temperature cofired ceramic materials. This technology meets the packaging requirements of sensor arrays and is well suited to the research environment in which the sensor design is continually evolving.

Low Cost Fabrication of Micro Glass Cavities For MEMS Wafer Level and Hermetic Packaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Jin Tang Shang ◽  
Jun Wen Liu ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Bo Yin Chen ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Glass Wafer ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Hermetic Packaging ◽  
Moving Parts

Many MEMS devices including accelerometer and gyroscopes, having moving parts, requires hermetic and low cost packaging. In this paper we propose a low cost fabricating process to prepare micro glass cavity arrays for wafer-level and hermetic packaging of MEMS. First, the fundamental of the process was discussed. Then, the process for preparing cavity arrays in Pyrex7740 glass wafer was studied experimentally. After that, the defects of the fabrication were discussed. Results show that wafer-level packaged cavities were prepared, whose diameter was controllably between 200 microns and 2000 microns. It is also disclosed that the defects could be avoided by controlling the process parameters. Results also show that the leakage rate of the single packaged cavities is below 5Χ10-9 Pa.m/s which could meet the hermetic packaging standard.

scholarly journals Microbicidal effect of medicinal plant extracts (Psidium guajava Linn. and Carica papaya Linn.) upon bacteria isolated from fish muscle and known to induce diarrhea in children

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes VIEIRA ◽  
Dália dos Prazeres RODRIGUES ◽  
Flávia Araújo GONÇALVES ◽  
Francisca Gleire Rodrigues de MENEZES ◽  
Janisi Sales ARAGÃO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Curative Action

Out of the twenty-four samples of shrimp and fish muscle used for this study, twelve were collected near a large marine sewer for waste disposal, 3 km off the coast of Fortaleza (Brazil) and used for the isolation of E. coli. Other twelve were collected at the Mucuripe fresh fish market (Fortaleza, Brazil) and used for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol, water and acetone-diluted extracts of guava and papaya leaf sprouts were tested on the bacteria in order to verify their microbicidal potential. The E. coli strains used in the trials were rated LT positive. The papaya leaf extracts (Carica papaya Linn) showed no microbicidal activity while the guava sprout extracts (Psidium guajava Linn) displayed halos exceeding 13 mm for both species, an effect considered to be inhibitory by the method employed. Guava sprout extracts by 50% diluted ethanol most effectively inhibited E. coli (EPEC), while those in 50% acetone were less effective. It may be concluded that guava sprout extracts constitute a feasible treatment option for diarrhea caused by E. coli or by S. aureus-produced toxins, due to their quick curative action, easy availability in tropical countries and low cost to the consumer.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Probe-Type Instrument to Measure the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Armstrong ◽  
Samuel McNeil ◽  
Naomi Manu ◽  
Augustine Bosomtwe ◽  
James K Danso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Probe Type ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moisture Meter ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

Abstract. Storage of grain in bags is common in Africa, Asia, and many other less developed countries making a bag probing method well-suited for moisture content (MC) measurement. A low-cost meter was developed under a USAID project to reduce post-harvest loss (PHL). The meter, referred to as the PHL meter, measures the MC of maize and other grains based on relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements obtained by a small digital sensor located in the tip of a tubular probe that can be inserted into bags of grain or other grain bulks. Measurements are used by equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equations programmed into the meter to predict MC. A handheld reader connected to the probe provides a user interface. Keywords: Equilibrium moisture content, Grain storage, Maize, Moisture content, Moisture meter, Post-harvest

Development of a low-cost ice crusher for raw fish storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 727-735
Author(s):  
M. A. Rabbani ◽  
◽  
K. Tamanna ◽  
A. K. Ahmed ◽  
S. M. Rifat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The fisheries sector in Bangladesh undergoes various post-harvest problems: the high post-harvest loss of fish. As fish is highly perishable, it needs proper handling, processing, and distribution in time. Ice is the major and primary material that is used in Bangladesh for fish preservation. Different methods are used for crushing ice. In the traditional method, ice is crushed with a heavy load by hand. This method is very laborious and most often does not provide a uniform shape. So, an attempt was taken to develop a low-cost ice crusher machine in the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Based on the design and drawing, the machine was manufactured. Necessary materials to construct the machine were collected from the local market. The machine throughput capacity of the developed ice crusher was found 854.85 kg/hr. with an overall loss of 10.5%. Based on the test parameters, the machine performance was found satisfactory. The machine construction cost was estimated as Tk 11048. The operating cost for ice crushing was calculated, and it was found to be Tk 0.07/kg. This machine was simple at construction and the cost is also low, which indicates that the machine is suitable input for ice crushing to the marginal user. Where electricity is not available and large commercial heavy ice crushers are not available, this machine can be very suitable.

Microbial Bioremediation of Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
pp. 417-439
Author(s):  
Asha Laxman Giriyan ◽  
Vikrant B. Berde ◽  
Elroy J. Pereira ◽  
Chanda Vikrant Parulekar-Berde
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Remediation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Microbial Bioremediation ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
Remediation Process

Heavy metals are found naturally. Anthropogenic activities and rapid industrialization have led to their unprecedented release into the environment. Being non-biodegradable in nature, they persist in the environment. Prolonged exposure and accumulation of these metals poses a serious threat to the ecosystem. Conventional treatment of contaminated material whether soil or water involves expensive chemical or physical methods which are arduous, energy demanding, and carry the risk of secondary contamination. It is thus necessary to adopt a sustainable remediation process to mitigate this problem. Biological remediation processes are preferable as they are environmentally safe, techno-economically feasible, and do not generate toxic byproducts. Microbial bioremediation is particularly attractive as it allows remediation processes by tapping naturally occurring catabolic capacities to transform, accumulate, and adsorb metals for detoxification. It is a comparatively low-cost technology. Therefore, microbial bioremediation is promising as an alternative to physico-chemical methods.

A case study on the post-construction deformation of concrete face rockfill dams

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Soo Won ◽  
You-Seong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Concrete Face

Concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs) are considered to be fundamentally safe, especially against leakage, and to be a low-cost alternative at many sites. Their design is based on empirical experiences rather than theory. The present paper describes post-construction deformation and leakage using 27 CFRD case studies. The analysis shows that deformation normal to the face slab is larger than the post-construction crest settlement when the dam height exceeds 100 m and that the long-term leakage rate increases rapidly when the dam height exceeds 125 m.

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