scholarly journals Ethylene induces soil microbes to delay fruit ripening

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenevere Perry ◽  
Diane Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Transportation Container ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The consumer demand for fresh fruits and vegetables increases every year, and farmers need a low cost novel method to reduce post-harvest loss and preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. This study identifies a method to induce soil bacteria to biosynthesize a nitrile compound that potentially enters the plants tissue and negatively affects climacteric ripening and delays the ripening process at 20-30˚C. This study used soil rich with soil microbes, to delay the ripening of climacteric fruit. The soil was treated with nitrogen, a heavy metal, and ethylene gas. Ethylene induced the soil to delay the ripening of organic bananas and peaches. A prototype transportation container maintained fruit fresh for up to 72 h at 20-30˚C. The fruit retained color, firmness, texture, no bruising and minimal spotting. The soil also prevented fungal infection in all samples. GC-MS analysis suggests ethylene induced the soil microbes to release an acetonitrile compound into the gaseous environment. The nitrile is released in low concentrations, but mature plants (fruits) contain very low levels of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The nitrile may obstruct or modify the mature plants (fruit) late stages development process, thus delay the climacteric ripening process and retarding the physiological and phenotypic effects of fruit ripening. We believe this study may have strong applications for post-harvest biotechnology.

Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Baia ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
Murillo F. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
By Products

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.

scholarly journals Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) in Durio zibethinus and identification of fruit ripening-associated DzCAMTAs

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Shariq Iqbal ◽  
Lalida Sangpong ◽  
Gholamreza Khaksar ◽  
Supaart Sirikantaramas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recognition Motifs

Abstract Background Fruit ripening is an intricate developmental process driven by a highly coordinated action of complex hormonal networks. Ethylene is considered as the main phytohormone that regulates the ripening of climacteric fruits. Concomitantly, several ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) are pivotal components of the regulatory network underlying fruit ripening. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is one such ethylene-induced TF implicated in various stress and plant developmental processes. Results Our comprehensive analysis of the CAMTA gene family in Durio zibethinus (durian, Dz) identified 10 CAMTAs with conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of DzCAMTAs, positioned DzCAMTA3 with its tomato ortholog that has already been validated for its role in the fruit ripening process through ethylene-mediated signaling. Furthermore, the transcriptome-wide analysis revealed DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 as the highest expressing durian CAMTA genes. These two DzCAMTAs possessed a distinct ripening-associated expression pattern during post-harvest ripening in Monthong, a durian cultivar native to Thailand. The expression profiling of DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 under natural ripening conditions and ethylene-induced/delayed ripening conditions substantiated their roles as ethylene-induced transcriptional activators of ripening. Similarly, auxin-suppressed expression of DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 confirmed their responsiveness to exogenous auxin treatment in a time-dependent manner. Accordingly, we propose that DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 synergistically crosstalk with ethylene during durian fruit ripening. In contrast, DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 antagonistically with auxin could affect the post-harvest ripening process in durian. Furthermore, DzCAMTA3 and DzCAMTA8 interacting genes contain significant CAMTA recognition motifs and regulated several pivotal fruit-ripening-associated pathways. Conclusion Taken together, the present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the structure and probable function of CAMTA genes in the post-harvest ripening of durian.

scholarly journals Identification of a Gene Encoding Glutamate Decarboxylase Involved in the Postharvest Fruit Ripening Process in Banana

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Ju-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yang ◽  
Jian-Bin Zhang ◽  
Cai-Hong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Postharvest Ripening ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The banana, a typical climacteric fruit, undergoes a postharvest ripening process followed by a burst in ethylene production that signals the beginning of the climacteric period. Postharvest ripening plays an important role in improving the quality of the fruit as well as limiting its shelf life. To investigate the role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in climacteric ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening in postharvest banana, a GAD gene was isolated from banana, designated MuGAD. Coincidently with climacteric ethylene production, MuGAD expression as well as the expression of the genes encoding the Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MaACS1) and Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MaACO1) greatly increased during natural ripening and in ethylene-treated banana. Moreover, ethylene biosynthesis, ripening progress, and MuGAD, MaACS1, and MaACO1 expression were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Taken together, our results suggested that MuGAD is involved in the fruit ripening process in postharvest banana.

scholarly journals Reduction of Tomato Post-Harvest Losses by Using 1-Methylcyclopropene

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marcos Vieira da Silva ◽  
Cassia Inês Lourenzi Franco Rosa ◽  
Adimilson Bosco Chitarra
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Useful Life

<p>Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed olericole plants in the world, being a highly perishable fruit, which presents high levels of losses in the post-harvest period. As a form of reducing these losses, it is necessary to know the product physiology. The fruit-ripening phase involves changes in the sensorial characteristics that are unchained by ethylene, a hormone naturally synthesized within the cells and liberated in the form of gas. Ethylene can also be applied on an exogenous way, thus accelerating and making even the ripening of fruits as the tomato. On the other hand, the ripening process can be delayed with the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, thus prolonging the useful life in the post-harvest period. In the present investigation, with the purpose of a literature revision, in a general way, it was to demonstrate the forms of controlling the ripening of tomato fruits, in the post-harvest period, in order to prevent and reduce losses. The collected data showed that, with better care during the fruit handling and, mainly, with the use of different technologies, as the application of 1-MCP, post-harvest losses in tomato plant culture can be reduced significantly.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.116">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.6</a></p>

scholarly journals A Study on Low Cost Post Harvest Storage Techniques to Extend the Shelf Life of Citrus Fruits and Vegetables

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Fahmida Ishaque ◽  
Md. Altaf Hossain ◽  
Md. Abdur Rashid Sarker ◽  
Md. Yunus Mia ◽  
Atik Shahriar Dhrubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Storage Structure ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Room Condition

An attempt was made to develop low cost porous evaporative cooling storage structures for extending the shelf life of citrus fruits and vegetables at the Sylhet Agricultural University campus, Bangladesh. Clay soil, bamboo and straw were used as a wall material. Sand, clay, zeolite, rice husk and charcoal etc. were used as a pad material. But the mixture of sand and clay was found as the most efficient pad materials for lowering temperature. Porous evaporative cooling storage structure (PECSS) was developed to reduce the problems of post-harvest losses at farmer level. It is eco-friendly and no energy requirements for storage of vegetables and fruits. PECSS improves the quality and productivity of vegetables and citrus fruits by reducing temperature, prolonging shelf life and reducing post-harvest losses respectively. The study revealed that shelf life of egg-plant (Solanum melongena) was 11 days in PECSS condition and it was 6 days in ambient condition. Therefore, weight loss was 4.07% for PECSS and 11.84% in room condition respectively. Storage life of Ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) was 6 days more in PECSS condition than room condition. Weight loss was 6.62% in PECSS condition and 17.47% loss in ambient condition. In case of Malabar Spinach (Basella alba) it was 6 days for PECSS condition and 3 days for room condition and weight loss was found to be 9.48% and 16.17% respectively. The shelf life of stem amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) was 5 days in PECSS condition and 2 days in ambient condition. Weight loss was found 7.05% at PECSS condition and 28.62% as in-room condition. By chemical analysis for fruits lemon (Citrus limon) and orange (Citrus sinensis) found that pH and TSS were increased both ambient and PECSS condition but in PECSS condition this rate was less than ambient condition. Vitamin C, percentage juice content, citric acid values all were decrease at both condition but in PECSS condition its rate was the less ambient condition. There is scope for intensive study to improve the firmness of the porous evaporative cooling storage structure (PECSS) to reduce the storage loss of vegetables and citrus fruits for different region and its suitability for large scale design.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Probe-Type Instrument to Measure the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Armstrong ◽  
Samuel McNeil ◽  
Naomi Manu ◽  
Augustine Bosomtwe ◽  
James K Danso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Probe Type ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moisture Meter ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

Abstract. Storage of grain in bags is common in Africa, Asia, and many other less developed countries making a bag probing method well-suited for moisture content (MC) measurement. A low-cost meter was developed under a USAID project to reduce post-harvest loss (PHL). The meter, referred to as the PHL meter, measures the MC of maize and other grains based on relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements obtained by a small digital sensor located in the tip of a tubular probe that can be inserted into bags of grain or other grain bulks. Measurements are used by equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equations programmed into the meter to predict MC. A handheld reader connected to the probe provides a user interface. Keywords: Equilibrium moisture content, Grain storage, Maize, Moisture content, Moisture meter, Post-harvest

Development of a low-cost ice crusher for raw fish storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 727-735
Author(s):  
M. A. Rabbani ◽  
◽  
K. Tamanna ◽  
A. K. Ahmed ◽  
S. M. Rifat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The fisheries sector in Bangladesh undergoes various post-harvest problems: the high post-harvest loss of fish. As fish is highly perishable, it needs proper handling, processing, and distribution in time. Ice is the major and primary material that is used in Bangladesh for fish preservation. Different methods are used for crushing ice. In the traditional method, ice is crushed with a heavy load by hand. This method is very laborious and most often does not provide a uniform shape. So, an attempt was taken to develop a low-cost ice crusher machine in the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Based on the design and drawing, the machine was manufactured. Necessary materials to construct the machine were collected from the local market. The machine throughput capacity of the developed ice crusher was found 854.85 kg/hr. with an overall loss of 10.5%. Based on the test parameters, the machine performance was found satisfactory. The machine construction cost was estimated as Tk 11048. The operating cost for ice crushing was calculated, and it was found to be Tk 0.07/kg. This machine was simple at construction and the cost is also low, which indicates that the machine is suitable input for ice crushing to the marginal user. Where electricity is not available and large commercial heavy ice crushers are not available, this machine can be very suitable.

scholarly journals STARCH-BASED BIOFILM ASSOCIATED WITH REFRIGERATION IN THE POST-HARVEST CONSERVATION OF 'PRATA' BANANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela Rodrigues ◽  
César Augusto Santos ◽  
Cinthia Elen Cardoso ◽  
Larissa Escalfi Tristao ◽  
Pâmela Gomes Nakada de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
High Release

Since it is a climacteric fruit, banana can be harvested still green, but in a state of complete physiological development, and due to the high release of ethylene, it needs appropriate post-harvest conservation to increase its conservation, and for that, coating with starch-based biofilm becomes an alternative. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of corn starch biofilm and refrigeration on 'Prata' banana fruits in order to develop an accessible and more sustainable technology in the conservation and protection of fruits. Bananas from the 'Prata' subgroup were used, submitted to refrigeration and / or coating with corn starch biofilm and evaluated in three post-harvest periods. The design was completely randomized in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with nine replicates. It could be concluded that low temperature provided by refrigeration is able to delay the ripening process of ‘Prata’ banana, preserving its measurable characteristics. Biofilm is capable of providing protection, less water loss, consequently preserving measurable characteristics, such as refrigeration; however, with the advantage of allowing fruits to ripen, resulting in better consumption properties.

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