scholarly journals Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in four maize genotypes influenced by first phase of salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
MN Uddin ◽  
MIU Hoque ◽  
S Monira ◽  
MAA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics

Responses in photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and chlorophyll content of four maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were examined under first phase of salt stress. In the experiment four maize genotypes viz. indigenous yellow pure line, indigenous yellow, hybrid, and indigenous white were tested in two levels of salinity (control: without NaCl application; salinity: 12 dS m-1 by applying NaCl). The experiment was laid out following completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Plants were harvested on day 21 after 7 d application of full salt stress (12 dS m-1). The reductions of shoot fresh masses under salinity were 70, 57, 55 and 61% in indigenous yellow pure line, indigenous yellow, hybrid, and indigenous white, respectively. Some core physiological parameters viz. net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and the chlorophyll content decreased in all the maize genotypes except indigenous white under first phase of salt stress. In contrast, the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II significantly decreased only in indigenous yellow pure line under salinity stress. Thus the first phase of salt stress seemed to be deleterious on its response to shoot fresh mass production in all the tested four maize genotypes with the concomitant decrease in rate of photosynthesis, rate of transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content in all genotypes except indigenous white. Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 26-32, 2019

scholarly journals Differential responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities of two Vigna unguiculata cultivars to salt stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Erivalda Farias de Aragão ◽  
Marjorie Moreira Guedes ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Oliveira Otoch ◽  
Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes ◽  
Dirce Fernandes de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Specific Activities

Vita 3 and Vita 5 are two Vigna unguiculata cultivars that differ in their capacities for survival in saline environments; Vita 3 is more tolerant and Vita 5 more sensitive. Both cultivars were submitted to salt stress with 0.1 M NaCl. After 8 days, root and shoot growth from both cultivars was reduced but reduction was more pronounced in Vita 5. Furthermore, leaf area was also reduced in this cultivar. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not affected by salt stress, but the specific activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) decreased in Vita 3 and increased in Vita 5. The use of immunological techniques also revealed that the Rubisco content from Vita 3 decreased while that of Vita 5 increased. The discussion of these results is aimed at reaching a better understanding of the differences between these cultivars in relation to salt stress.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen supply level on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice under salt stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Chen Xu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Fenglou Ling
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Plasma Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Lower Magnitude

The change of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice were studied in five nitrogen levels during tillering, booting, and heading periods under salt stress. The net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), apparent mesophyll conductance (AMC), effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were significantly declined under salt stress and exhibited a lower magnitude of decline in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The stomatal limit value (Ls), Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and plasma membrane permeability were significantly increased and exhibited a lower magnitude of increase in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The amount of nitrogen in the nutrient solution should be reduced 50% after the heading period to decrease salt damage to rice under salt stress.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic behaviour during the leaf ontogeny of rubber tree clones[Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. ex. Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.], in Lavras, MG

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélio Antas Miguel ◽  
Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo ◽  
Davi Melo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Internal Co2

This work proposed to investigate changes in the photosynthetic behavior during the leaf ontogeny of the during the leaf development. Up to the 32nd day of leaf age (stage B2), the net photosynthesis was negative due to the inefficiency of the photosynthetic system, and this fact was justified by the following factors: low chlorophyll content, less stomatal conductance, high rubber tree clones PB 235, RRIM 600 and GT 1, in Lavras, MG. The experiment was performed in 2004, between May and July, under field conditions, at the Universidade Federal de Lavras. During the leaf ontogeny, the following characteristics were evaluated: chlorophyll content, gaseous exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence. The clones presented similar profiles of alterations in the physiological characteristics internal CO2 levels and low chlorophyll fluorescence. From the 37th day of leaf age, net photosynthesis became positive and gradually higher, stimulated by the increases in the chlorophyll contents, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, carboxylation efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency. Among the clones, photosynthetic behavior was similar, reaching maximum performance on the 57th day of leaf age (stage D), when clone RRIM 600 showed the highest net photosynthesis, differing from the clones PB 235 and GT 1.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Selenium on Wheat Seedlings under Salt Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yueh Lan ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Wen-Dar Huang ◽  
Chang-Chang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

Wheat is a staple food worldwide, but its productivity is reduced by salt stress. In this study, the mitigative effects of 22 μM selenium (Se) on seedlings of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Taichung SEL. 2 were investigated under different salt stress levels (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM NaCl). Results of the antioxidative capacity showed that catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenols, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, and the reducing power of Se-treated seedlings were enhanced under saline conditions. The more-stabilized chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), minimal chlorophyll fluorescence (F0), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation of photosystem II (Y(NPQ)), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of photosystem II (Y(NO)) and the less-extensive degradation of photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in Se-treated seedlings were also observed under salt stress. The elongation of shoots and roots of Se-treated seedling was also preserved under salt stress. Protection of these physiological traits in Se-treated seedlings might have contributed to stable growth observed under salt stress. The present study showed the protective effect of Se on the growth and physiological traits of wheat seedlings under salt stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought and Rehydration on the Physiological Responses of Artemisia halodendron

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Juanli Chen ◽  
Xueyong Zhao ◽  
Yaqiu Zhang ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
Yongqing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Artemisia Halodendron ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Artemisia halodendron is a widely distributed native plant in China’s Horqin sandy land, but few studies have examined its physiological responses to drought and rehydration. To provide more information, we investigated the effects of drought and rehydration on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological responses of A. halodendron to reveal the mechanisms responsible for A. halodendron’s tolerance of drought stress and the resulting ability to tolerate drought. We found that A. halodendron had strong drought resistance. Its chlorophyll content first increased and then decreased with prolonged drought. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased, and the membrane permeability and malondialdehyde increased. When plants were subjected to drought stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity degraded under severe drought, but the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and free proline increased. Severe drought caused wilting of A. halodendron leaves and the leaves failed to recover even after rehydration. After rehydration, the chlorophyll content, membrane permeability, SOD and CAT activities, and the contents of the three osmoregulatory substances under moderate drought began to recover. However, Fv, Fv/Fm, malondialdehyde, and POD activity did not recover under severe drought. These results illustrated that drought tolerance of A. halodendron resulted from increased enzyme (POD and CAT) activities and accumulation of osmoregulatory substances.

scholarly journals Copper Stress on Photosynthesis of Black Mangle (Avicennia germinans)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL GONZALEZ-MENDOZA ◽  
FRANCISCO ESPADAS y GIL ◽  
FERNANDO ESCOBOZA-GARCIA ◽  
JORGE M. SANTAMARIA ◽  
OMAR ZAPATA-PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

The effects of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities of Avicennia germinans was investigated using two CuSO4 concentrations (0.062 and 0.33 M) added in Hoagland's solution in an aerated hydroponic system. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 30 h of copper stress. Results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of Cu+2 of 0.062 and 0.33 M Cu+2 resulted in a general reduction of the stomatal conductance (28 and 18%, respectively) and 100% of inhibition of net photosynthesis. Additionally, at these concentrations of Cu+2, reductions of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also observed. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of Avicennia germinans was the primary target of the Cu+2 action. It is concluded that Cu+2 ions causes a drastic decline in photosynthetic gas exchange and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in A. germinans leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of exogenously application selected phytohormonal substances on the physiological and morphological indicators of Philadelphus x hybrid in containers

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Martin Jonáš ◽  
P. Salaš ◽  
T. Baltazár
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was established in order to eliminate the effect of stress factors acting on woody plants cultivated in containers. The timber Philadelphus x hybrid ’Mont Blanc’. The timber was in 1.5 l containers. The experiment was evaluated effect of exogenouse application of phytohormonal substances on select physiological indicators (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content), were measured three times during the vegetation. Morphological indicators (diameter of root neck, total length of shoots and number of shoots), were evaluated at the end of vegetation. Phytohormones affecting the impact of stress on plants were used for the purpose. Abscisic acid, 24- epibrassinolid, kinetin and spermine were applied by spraying the leaf in three concentrations (0.01 mg.l−1, 0.1 mg.l−1 a 1 mg.l−1). In the results were found highly significant differences compared to controls with other variants, especially in the evaluation of physiological parameters. The most significant influence on the stomatal conductance was observed in the variants treated with abscisic acid. Application 24- epibrassinolid significantly increased the chlorophyll content in comparison with control variant. Morphological parameters reached the best results in variants treated with 24- epibrassinolid and spermine.

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