Histo-architectural changes of intestinal morphology in Zebra fish (Danio rerio) exposed to Sumithion

Organophosphorous pesticide sumithion, the O, O Dimethyl O- (3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl), is a widely used pesticide in agricultural land and in aquaculture to control some harmful pests. A study was conducted in laboratory condition with aquaria (36 inch × 10 inch × 12 inch) to evaluate the effects of sumithion on histo-architecture of intestine in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The experiment was carried out with three treatments (T1: 0.5 ppm, T2: 1.0 ppm, T3: 2.0 ppm) and a control (T0: 0ppm), each having three replications. Zebra fishes (Danio rerio) (4±1cm and 0.9±0.2g) were stocked for the experiment and sacrificed after 7 days of exposure of sumithion. During the study period, the temperature was almost constant (21- 22OC) but dissolved oxygen, pH and total alkalinity values were tended to decrease with the increase in concentrations of test chemicals. The histo-architectural changes in intestine suggested that the intestinal epithelial cells, lumen, villi and intestinal folding were varied significantly (P<0.05) in treatment groups rather than the control groups (T0). Disappeared mucosa (DM) along with abnormal lumen (AL) were found in case of T1, while destructed intestinal villi (DV), sloughing of superficial epidermal cells (SEC) and uneven intestinal folding (UF) were found in T2 and T3. The obtained result supports the toxic potentiality of sumithion. Therefore, the use of sumithion must be evaluated carefully in agriculture and aquaculture.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 499-506, December 2015

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Regulation of Probiotics on Metabolism of Dietary Protein in Intestine

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666191111112941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 766-771

Author(s):

Xiao-Pei Peng ◽

Cunxi Nie ◽

Wen-Yi Guan ◽

Li-Dong Qiao ◽

Lin Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Amino ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Dietary Proteins ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

The Core ◽

Peptide Transporters ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Living Organisms

Proteins are indispensable components of living organisms, which are derived mainly from diet through metabolism. Dietary proteins are degraded by endogenous digestive enzymes to di- or tripeptides and free amino acids (AAs) in the small intestine lumen and then absorbed into blood and lymph through intestinal epithelial cells via diverse transporters. Microorganisms are involved not only in the proteins’ catabolism, but also the AAs, especially essential AAs, anabolism. Probiotics regulate these processes by providing exogenous proteases and AAs and peptide transporters, and reducing hazardous substances in the food and feed. But the core mechanism is modulating of the composition of intestinal microorganisms through their colonization and exclusion of pathogens. The other effects of probiotics are associated with normal intestinal morphology, which implies that the enterocytes secrete more enzymes to decompose dietary proteins and absorb more nutrients.

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SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF SASTRIC SIDDHA DRUG MANJAL KAMALAI KIYAZHAM AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ZEBRA FISH (DANIO RERIO) MODEL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i3.39901 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-69

Author(s):

GOMATHI R ◽

PREETHEEKHA E ◽

SHANMUGA PRIYA P ◽

MAMALLAN A

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Research Work ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Zebra Fish ◽

Control Groups ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Fish Model ◽

The People

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the hepatoprotective nature of Siddha formulation manjal noi kudineer (MNK) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Zebrafish Danio rerio model. Methods: Pharmacological studies were carried out in the adult zebra fish model in the category of four groups; each individual group contained ten animals. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were considered as control groups, disease control groups, and drug treated groups at different concentrations, respectively. Histopathological analysis was recorded. Results: The observed research findings were confirmed that this novel Siddha formulation MNK possess potent hepatoprotective effect at the both dose level of 250 mg/l–500 mg/l against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish. Conclusion: Siddha medicinal formulation has been in practice for more than 1000 years. Liver diseases are the highly prevalent one among all the diseases. Although huge drugs are available for liver diseases, there is a need for cost effectiveness drugs without any adverse effect. From the study, it was concluded that the drug MNK has promising hepatoprotective activity in dose-dependent manners and restores the basic liver architecture by means of its rejuvenating potential against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish model. We can strongly suggest that the Sastric Siddha drug MNK to treat various kinds of liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. This research work may be highly beneficial to the people who suffered from various liver diseases if the drug will be given clinically.

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Membrane-bound vesicles associated with the microvilli in the midgut of the freshwater microcrustacean, Daphnia magna

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076135 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

Patricia L. Jansma

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Chlamydomonas Reinhardii ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Saturated Water ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Ethanol Series

The presence of the membrane bound vesicles or blebs on the intestinal epithelial cells has been demonstrated in a variety of vertebrates such as chicks, piglets, hamsters, and humans. The only invertebrates shown to have these microvillar blebs are two species of f1ies. While investigating the digestive processes of the freshwater microcrustacean, Daphnia magna, the presence of these microvillar blebs was noticed.Daphnia magna fed in a suspension of axenically grown green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardii for one hour were narcotized with CO2 saturated water. The intestinal tracts were excised in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M cacodyl ate buffer and then placed in fresh 2% glutaraldehyde for one hour. After rinsing in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, the sample was postfixed in 2% OsO4, dehydrated with a graded ethanol series, infiltrated and embedded with Epon-Araldite. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and Reynolds lead citrate before viewing with the Philips EM 200.

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Three-dimensional organization and functional relationships of endocytotic compartments in pig intestinal epithelial cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123283 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 576-577

Author(s):

Julian P. Heath ◽

Buford L. Nichols ◽

László G. Kömüves

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Cell Surfaces ◽

Basal Surface ◽

Functional Relationships

The newborn pig intestine is adapted for the rapid and efficient absorption of nutrients from colostrum. In enterocytes, colostral proteins are taken up into an apical endocytotic complex of channels that transports them to target organelles or to the basal surface for release into the circulation. The apical endocytotic complex of tubules and vesicles clearly is a major intersection in the routes taken by vesicles trafficking to and from the Golgi, lysosomes, and the apical and basolateral cell surfaces.Jejunal tissues were taken from piglets suckled for up to 6 hours and prepared for electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry as previously described.

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