scholarly journals Diagnostic Role of Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Ziban Nahar ◽  
AHM Tohurul Islam ◽  
N Atia Lovely ◽  
M Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
3D Sonography ◽  
Abortion Case

Ultrasonography (USG) is widely used in both gynaecology and obstetrics. USG has become an indispensable diagnostic tool. Specially in our developing country. Advanced US technologies, such as 3D sonography, provide powerful and highly accurate diagnostic tools. The clinical applications and uses of ultrasound include confirmation of pregnancy including multiple gestation, estimation of gestational age, localization of placenta and monitoring of foetal wellbeing. The others are evaluation of caesarean section scar integrity and post partum haemorrhage. Ultrasound is also useful in prenatal diagnosis of foetal anomaly. The clinical uses of ultrasound in gynaecology include diagnosis of uterine abnormality, ovarian tumour. Ovarian follicles follow up in infertility, diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, evaluation of abortion case. Detection of pelvic mass & polycystic ovarian disease is also important. Ultrasound guided FNAC is also an important diagnostic tool.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 152-155

HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY -SIGNIFICANCE OF ADEQUATE TREATMENT: A STUDY OF 100 CASES IN NORTH BIHAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Vasudha Rani ◽  
Punam Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a nature's gift of humanity for procreation and continuation of its race. This gift is however fraught with several complications and has potential threat to the mother and the foetus. When pregnancy is compounded by endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, the potential for maternal and foetal adverse outcomes can be immense. While a lot of attention has been focused on the adverse foetal outcomes consequent to hypothyroidism, attention is also being gradually directed towards the adverse maternal outcomes of this disorder. Role of antibody positivity in inuencing outcomes in a euthyroid woman, also needs further clarication. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is very essential. Subclinical hypothyroidism also needs to be detected and treated to prevent adverse outcomes, especially maternal. Since women with hypothyroidism during pregnancy, especially of the autoimmune variety might have a are up of the disorder post-partum, or might continue to require thyroxine replacement post-partum, adequate follow-up is mandatory. While targeted case nding is generally practised, recent evidence seems to indicate that universal screening might be a better option. In conclusion, routine screening, early conrmation of diagnosis and prompt treatment allied with regular post-partum follow up, is required to ensure favourable maternal and foetal outcomes.

scholarly journals Diagnostic role of colour Doppler US at 1-year follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gazzera ◽  
G. Isolato ◽  
S. Stola ◽  
F. Avogliero ◽  
A. Ricchiuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Orthotopic Liver Transplantation ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Doppler Us ◽  
Diagnostic Role

scholarly journals Role of Brain Biomarkers S-100-Beta and Neuron-Specific Enolase for Detection and Follow-Up of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis before, during and after Treatment with L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Hendrik Strebel ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
Maximilian Sohn ◽  
Wolfgang Schepp ◽  
Felix Gundling
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
S 100

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), in the context of liver cirrhosis, seems to result from low-grade cerebral edema of the astrocytes. Serum brain biomarkers S-100-beta und neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are often elevated in brain injury. We hypothesized that neuromarkers S-100-beta and NSE can be used in the diagnosis of HE, compared with standardized diagnostic tools. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> A prospective non-randomized intervention study was performed using L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) for HE treatment. Primary endpoint was the evaluation of neuromarkers S-100-beta and NSE for detection and diagnosis of follow-up of HE. As secondary endpoints, the efficacy of LOLA on the course of HE and the diagnostic role of Portosystemic-Encephalopathy-Syndrome score (PHES) and critical flicker frequency (CFF) were analyzed. For diagnosis of covert (CHE) and overt (OHE) HE, West-Haven criteria (WHC), PHES and CFF were assessed at study entry. LOLA was applied (20 g i.v.) for 6 days. At the end of the study, HE evaluation was repeated. S-100-beta, NSE and ammonia were assessed in each patient before, during and after therapy with LOLA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 30 patients were included. At study entry, CHE was diagnosed in 50% and OHE in 50% of all subjects. A total of 25 participants completed the study. After LOLA therapy, deterioration of HE occurred in &#x3c;11%, while most patients showed improvement (e.g. improved CFF in 79%). No significant correlation with HE severity (as diagnosed by WHC, PHES and CFF) could be demonstrated for any biochemical parameter. In addition, there were no significant changes in brain biomarkers during the treatment period. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> While CFF as well as PHES showed good correlation with treatment response, S-100-beta and NSE did not significantly correlate with HE severity compared to proven diagnostic methods, and do not seem reliable biochemical markers for the follow-up under therapy.

scholarly journals Isolated Fracture of the Corpus Spongiosum- A Rare Case with Atypical Presentation and Diagnostic Role of MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvin Theodore Jayanth ◽  
Vivek Venkatramani ◽  
Rajiv Paul Mukha
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Urethral Strictures ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Early Exploration ◽  
One Year ◽  
Erect Penis

Penile fractures occur due to rupture of the corpora cavernosum or tunica albuginea secondary to blunt or sexual trauma to the erect penis. They typically present with rapid detumescence of the penis, with pain, swelling and ecchymosis. Approximately 10-20% of penile fractures involve the urethra. The report presents a 28-years-old male patient that complained of per-urethral bleeding, following an injury to an erect penis. With the help of MRI and intra-operative cystoscopy it was found that the injury exclusively involved corpus spongiosum. He subsequently underwent a penile exploration and repair of the spongiosal defect. At one year follow up, he had normal erections with no per-urethral bleed. This is a rare form of presentation of penile fractures with only a few cases reported in literature. Surgical exploration remains the gold standard and early exploration is recommended to avoid erectile dysfunction, corporal fibrosis and urethral strictures and MRI is an useful adjunct.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Role of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) Activity in the Detection of Renal Tubular Impairment

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylva Skálová
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Renal Tubular

The kidney function can be assessed by a number of methods. The urinary excretion of enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is considered a relatively simple, cheap, fast and non-invasive method in the detection and follow-up of renal tubular function under various conditions. The determination of urinary NAG provides a very sensitive and reliable indicator of renal damage, such as injury or dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, inflammation, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, hypertension, heavy metals poisoning, treatment with aminoglycosides, valproate, or other nephrotoxic drugs. This paper gives an overview of the current use of urinary NAG in the detection of renal injury.

MOC31 Immunostaining in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma in Serous Fluid: Special Emphasis on Atypical Cytological Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Saumya Sahu ◽  
Shelly Sharma ◽  
Parikshaa Gupta ◽  
Pranab Dey
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Serous Effusion ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Effusion Fluid

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The diagnosis of atypical cases in the effusion cytology sample often poses a challenge to the cytologists. <b><i>Aims and Objectives:</i></b> We evaluated the diagnostic role of MOC31 in the metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusion fluid. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The cytological examination and MOC31 immunostaining in the cell block sections were carried out in 64 cases of serous effusion. A total of 23 cases showed atypical cytology, out of which suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) were 19 and 4 cases, respectively. In these cases, we also performed calretinin immunostaining. The cytological features, results of MOC31 immunostaining, and follow-up data were correlated to find out the sensitivity and specificity of MOC31 immunostaining in the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma. <b><i>Result:</i></b> The sensitivity and specificity of MOC31 were 100%. MOC31 detected all the cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma. MOC31 showed strong positivity in 19 cases of SFM. All these cases had a malignant outcome in histopathology or follow-up data. In AUS cases, MOC31 immunostaining was negative with a benign outcome. In all the atypical but malignant cases calretinin stain showed diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. In contrast, MOC31 showed strong membranous positivity and occasionally cytoplasmic positivity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MOC31 is an excellent marker of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the serous effusion. The membranous positivity of MOC31 and negative calretinin immuno­staining are helpful in atypical cytological cases to avoid the diagnostic dilemma. The MOC31 positivity is significantly useful in discrete atypical cells which are more challenging to recognize.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGE OF THE LIVER WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PREDICTING ABSTINENCE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11(75)) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
F. Lozbenev ◽  
T. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Limitation ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Dynamic Observation ◽  
Diagnostic Role

Objective. To assess the diagnostic role of diffusion-weighted images of the liver with magnetic resonance imaging in predicting abstinence disorders in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Methods. A total of 122 patients with ALD aged 48±5.4 years were examined. The survey algorithm we used included: performing liver DWI with MRI (n=122) with b-value values of 100/600/1000, ultrasound of abdominal organs with clinical elastography – 97 (80%) patients. Trepan liver biopsy was chosen as a reference method (n=64). Results. The patients were monitored for 2.5 years. The terms of follow-up were selected individually, depending on the results of clinical and laboratory research methods. A high correlation was established (r=0.879), when comparing clinical elastography and quantitative indicators of DWI of the liver, at admission and during dynamic observation of patients, also at the middle level, the data obtained correlated with the results of trephine biopsy of the liver (r=0.721). After 3 months, 6 (15%) of 40 patients showed normalization of biochemical blood test parameters with no diffusion restriction according to the results of DWI of the liver. Based on the results obtained, a high correlation was noted between changes in the biochemical blood test and MRI data in the DWI mode. After 9 months of follow-up, according to DWI data, 34 patients showed persistence of cytolysis syndrome and limited diffusion on DWI of the liver. After collecting an additional history and clarifying the details of the lifestyle of the patients' relatives, it was found that these patients continued to consume alcoholic beverages against the background of the received treatment, which was manifested by the presence of diffusion restriction on MRI in the DWI mode, which was a magnetic resonance sign of the presence of inflammatory processes in the structure of the parenchyma liver. After 12 months, positive dynamics – the absence of diffusion restriction according to the results of DWI of the liver was noted in 34 patients, which indicates the effectiveness of using the qualitative characteristics of DWI of the liver to assess the violation of the abstinence regimen (AUROC=0.906 (95% CI 0.872-0.916)). But in 16 (13%) patients from this group, changes in the biochemical blood test were noted, but no diffusion limitation was noted according to the DWI of the liver. Patients (n=16) underwent a correction of the received treatment – after 1 month there was a positive trend. There was a correlation of quantitative parameters of DWI of the liver with clinical forms of ALD, regardless of the presence or absence of diffusion restriction (r=0.936). Next, we assessed the prognostic and diagnostic significance of the developed criteria for DWI of the liver for patients with ALD on admission. The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of using the diagnostic and prognostic model of MRI in the DWI mode for patients with ALD on admission and in dynamic observation. Conclusions. 1. A high correlation was found between the quantitative parameters of DWI of the liver and clinical elastography (r=0.879) at admission and follow-up. Average correlation relationship of DWI of the liver with the results of trephine biopsy of the liver in patients with ALD on admission and follow-up (r=0.721). There was a high correlation between the results of DWI of the liver on MRI with the data of clinical and laboratory parameters in dynamic observation of patients with ALD: no diffusion limitation – positive (r=0.887); yes – negative (r=0.887). The high prognostic and diagnostic value of DWI of the liver in assessing the violation of the abstinence regimen in patients with ALD was established (AUROC=0.906 (95% CI 0.872-0.916)). Prognostic and diagnostic criteria for liver DWI on MRI in patients with ALD at admission: qualitative characteristic – AUROC=0.846 (95% CI 0.811-0.862), quantitative characteristic – AUROC=0.909 (95% CI 0.879-0.912); with dynamic observation: qualitative characteristic – AUROC=0.949 (95% CI 0.907-0.965), quantitative characteristic – AUROC=0.917 (95% CI 0.876-0.932).

scholarly journals Diagnostic Role of Chromosomal Instability in Melanoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitika Dabas ◽  
Diana M. Byrnes ◽  
Ashley M. Rosa ◽  
Mark S. Eller ◽  
James M. Grichnik
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Early diagnosis gives melanoma patients the best chance for long term survival. However discrimination of an early melanoma from an unusual/atypical benign nevus can represent a significant challenge. There are no current pathological markers to definitively define malignant potential in these indeterminate lesions. Thus, there is a need for improved diagnostic tools. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is markedly prevalent in melanoma. Advances in genomics have opened the door for the development of molecular tools to better segregate benign and malignant lesions. This paper focuses on CIN in melanoma and the role of current diagnostic approaches.

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