scholarly journals Colorectal carcinogenesis: an archetype of gut microbiota–host interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L Alexander ◽  
Alasdair J Scott ◽  
Anna L Pouncey ◽  
Julian Marchesi ◽  
James Kinross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Host Interaction

scholarly journals Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weida Wu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Bing Xia ◽  
Shanlong Tang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Host Metabolism

Inulin (INU) is a non-digestible carbohydrate, known for its beneficial properties in metabolic disorders. However, whether and how gut microbiota in its regulation contributes to host metabolism has yet to be investigated. We conduct this study to examine the possible associations between the gut microbiota and circulating gut microbiota–host co-metabolites induced by inulin interventions. Plasma and intestinal site samples were collected from the pigs that have consumed inulin diet for 60 days. High-throughput sequencing was adopted for microbial composition, and the GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics were used to characterize featured plasma metabolites upon inulin intervention. Integrated multi-omics analyses were carried out to establish microbiota–host interaction. Inulin consumption decreased the total cholesterol (p = 0.04) and glucose (p = 0.03) level in serum. Greater β-diversity was observed in the cecum and colon of inulin-fed versus that of control-fed pigs (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the ileum. In the cecum, 18 genera were altered by inulin, followed by 17 in the colon and 6 in the ileum. Inulin increased propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations but decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate in the cecum, and increased total short fatty acids, valerate, and isobutyrate concentrations in the colon. Metabolomic analysis reveals that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) was significantly higher, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine are significantly lower in the inulin groups. Mantel test and integrative analysis revealed associations between plasma metabolites (e.g., IPA, BCAA, L-tryptophan) and inulin-responsive cecal microbial genera. These results indicate that the inulin has regional effects on the intestine microbiome in pigs, with the most pronounced effects occurring in the cecum. Moreover, cecum microbiota plays a pivotal role in the modulation of circulating host metabolites upon inulin intervention

Understanding Microbiome Data: A Primer for Clinicians

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Seksik ◽  
Cécilia Landman
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Host Determinants ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Genes ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Microbiome Data

The human gut contains 1014 bacteria and many other micro-organisms such as Archaea, viruses and fungi. This gut microbiota has co-evolved with host determinants through symbiotic and co-dependent relationships. Bacteria, which represent 10 times the number of human cells, form the most depicted part of this black box owing to new tools. Re-evaluating the gut microbiota showed how this entity participates in gut physiology and beyond this in human health. Studying and handling this real ‘hidden organ' remains a challenge for clinicians. In this review, we aimed to bring information about gut microbiota, its structure, its roles and the way to capture and measure it. After bacterial colonization in infant, intestinal microbial composition is unique for each individual although more than 95% can be assigned to 4 major phyla. Besides its biodiversity, the major characteristics of gut microbiota are stability over time and resilience after perturbation. In pathological situations, dysbiosis (i.e. imbalance in gut microbiota composition) is observed with a loss in overall diversity. Dysbiosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease was specified with the reduction in biodiversity, the decreased representation of different taxa in the Firmicutes phylum and an increase in Gammaproteobacteria. Beyond depicting gut microbial composition, metagenomics allows the description of the combined genomes of the microorganisms present in the gut, giving access to their potential functions. In fact, each individual overall microbial metagenome outnumbers the size of human genome by a factor of 150. Besides a functional core in which there is redundancy for mandatory functions assuring the robustness of the ecosystem, human gut contains an important diversity and high number of non-redundant bacterial genes. Clinical data, treatment and all the factors able to influence microbiome should enter integrated big data sets to put in light pathways of interplay within the supra organism composed of gut microbiome and host. A better understanding of dynamics within human gut microbiota and microbes-host interaction will allow new insight into gut pathophysiology especially regarding resilience mechanisms and dysbiosis onset and maintenance. This will lead to description of biomarkers of diseases, development of new probiotics/prebiotics and new therapies.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of the microbiota composition and gene expression in colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Dedong Wu ◽  
Dayong Cao ◽  
Wang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Subject: The dysbiosis of gut microbiota is pivotal in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the synergy between an altered gut microbiota composition and differential gene expression of specific genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Method: The gut microbiota dataset with number SRP158779, which contained 19 CRC samples and 19 normal samples, was downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from this dataset were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs); thereafter, the OTUs that were differentially enriched in CRC were identified and classified, followed by prediction of their functions. Additionally, RNA sequencing data from CRC samples was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways were identified. Finally, similar pathways that were significantly enriched in both differential OTUs and DEGs were screened. Key genes related to these pathways were executed the prognosis analysis. Results: The presence of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria increased considerably in CRC samples; conversely, the abundance of Firmicute and Spirochaetes decreased markedly. In particular, the genera Fusobacterium , Catenibacterium , and Shewanella were detectable in tumor samples. Moreover, 246 DEGs were identified between tumor and normal tissues. Both DEGs and microbiota were involved in bile secretion and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Finally, CYP3A4 and ABCG2 expression in CRC was related to the prognostic outcomes of CRC patients. Conclusion: Identifying the complicated interplay between gut microbiota and the DEGs could help in further understanding the pathogenesis of CRC, and these findings would enable better diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients. Keywords: colorectal cancer, gut microflora, gene expression, pathways enrichment, survival analysis

scholarly journals Su1976 – Impacts of Additive Food E171 (Titanium Dioxide) on the Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Carcinogenesis in ApcMIN/+ Murine Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-679
Author(s):  
Sandrine Brugiroux ◽  
Thomas Sauvaitre ◽  
Gwenaelle Roche ◽  
Célia Ledieu ◽  
Caroline Chevarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis

scholarly journals Impact of the Food Additive Titanium Dioxide (E171) on Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pinget ◽  
Jian Tan ◽  
Bartlomiej Janac ◽  
Nadeem O. Kaakoush ◽  
Alexandra Sophie Angelatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Host Interaction

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health and The Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem: The Impact of Cardiovascular Therapies on The Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Noora Alhajri ◽  
Rubiya Khursheed ◽  
Mohammad Taher Ali ◽  
Tareq Abu Izneid ◽  
Oumaima Al-Kabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
The Impact

It has become evident over the past several years that the intestinal microbial ecosystem plays a critical role in the development and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota ecosystem functions as a major virtual endocrine organ that interacts and responds to molecules’ signals within the host. Several meta-organismal pathways are involved in the gut–host interaction, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Host phenotype and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) varying from hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity to more specific inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability, have shown to be affected by the gut–host interaction. Additionally, several studies that involved animals and humans demonstrated a striking connection between the development of new CVDs and an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition along with the presence of their derived metabolites. Through this review article, we aim to evaluate the role of the normal gut microbiota ecosystem, its association with CVDs, effects of the therapies used to control and manage CVDs in the gut microbiota environment and explore potential therapeutic interventions to amplify disease outcomes in patients with CVDs.

scholarly journals Managing Gut Microbiota through In Ovo Nutrition Influences Early-Life Programming in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3491
Author(s):  
Abdelrazeq M. Shehata ◽  
Vinod K. Paswan ◽  
Youssef A. Attia ◽  
Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Mohammed Sh. Abougabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Early Life Programming ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

The chicken gut is the habitat to trillions of microorganisms that affect physiological functions and immune status through metabolic activities and host interaction. Gut microbiota research previously focused on inflammation; however, it is now clear that these microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining normal homeostatic conditions by regulating the immune system. In addition, the microbiota helps reduce and prevent pathogen colonization of the gut via the mechanism of competitive exclusion and the synthesis of bactericidal molecules. Under commercial conditions, newly hatched chicks have access to feed after 36–72 h of hatching due to the hatch window and routine hatchery practices. This delay adversely affects the potential inoculation of the healthy microbiota and impairs the development and maturation of muscle, the immune system, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Modulating the gut microbiota has been proposed as a potential strategy for improving host health and productivity and avoiding undesirable effects on gut health and the immune system. Using early-life programming via in ovo stimulation with probiotics and prebiotics, it may be possible to avoid selected metabolic disorders, poor immunity, and pathogen resistance, which the broiler industry now faces due to commercial hatching and selection pressures imposed by an increasingly demanding market.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Metabolites in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Link, Mechanisms and Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingshu Zhang ◽  
Pingying Qing ◽  
Hang Yang ◽  
Yongkang Wu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often considered the prototype of autoimmune diseases, is characterized by over-activation of the autoimmune system with abnormal functions of innate and adaptive immune cells and the production of a large number of autoantibodies against nuclear components. Given the highly complex and heterogeneous nature of SLE, the pathogenesis of this disease remains incompletely understood and is presumed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Currently, disturbance of the gut microbiota has emerged as a novel player involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. With in-depth research, the understanding of the intestinal bacteria-host interaction in SLE is much more comprehensive. Recent years have also seen an increase in metabolomics studies in SLE with the attempt to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis or disease activity monitoring. An intricate relationship between gut microbiome changes and metabolic alterations could help explain the mechanisms by which gut bacteria play roles in the pathogenesis of SLE. Here, we review the role of microbiota dysbiosis in the aetiology of SLE and how intestinal microbiota interact with the host metabolism axis. A proposed treatment strategy for SLE based on gut microbiome (GM) regulation is also discussed in this review. Increasing our understanding of gut microbiota and their function in lupus will provide us with novel opportunities to develop effective and precise diagnostic strategies and to explore potential microbiota-based treatments for patients with lupus.

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