scholarly journals New country and host records for Lithuanian Tachinidae (Diptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erikas Lutovinovas

This paper updates the knowledge on the family Tachinidae (Diptera) in the Lithuanian fauna. As the result, 68 species are first records from the country and eight species are deleted from the previous list. Among species listed in this paper, 54 represent first records for the Baltic States and 16 are new for all of Eastern Europe. Parasitoid-host associations for 13 species of Tachinidae with 15 host taxa that comprise 17 couples are recorded for Lithuania for the first time. Among these, Meigenia uncinatata is a new parasitoid of the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata (Chrysomelidae).

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kamil Otocki

Andreas Fülberth, "Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stad"At the beginning of 2014, the book „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt” (Riga. A short history of the town) was issued. The author is Andreas Fülberth, a young historian from Germany, who is a lecturer of the history of Eastern Europe in the University of Kiel. He has already published several works about the Baltic states (in German: “Baltikum”), the most important of them being „Tallinn – Riga – Kaunas. Ihr Ausbau zu modernen Hauptstädten 1920-1940". Köln u. a. 2005 (Das Baltikum in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Bd. 2), which is dedicated to the plans of architectural rebuilding of the Baltic capitals (Kaunas – Riga – Tallinn) during the time of the first independence (1918-1940).The history of Riga by Andreas Fülberth begins – very traditionally – with the establishing of the town by Bishop Albert of Riga in 1201. Actually we can learn not only about the history of the town. The book by Andreas Fülberth provides a quite long trip through the history of Livonia (now a part of Latvia).For Polish readers very important and interesting piece of  Riga’s history could be so called “Polish times” (to be more precise: “Polish-Lithuanian”) in Livonia – which used to be seen quite critical by Latvian historians before the war. We can learn also about Ignacy Mościcki  who studied in Riga, the treaty of Riga from March 1921,  as well  as the Polish academic fraternities in Livonia (Arcadia and Welecja).Maybe the most important part of the book begins in 1918 – when Latvia gained independence for the first time in her history. We can learn not only about Kārlis Ulmanis and the Soviet-Latvian government of Pēteris Stučka, but also about  the activities of Andrievs Niedra, a pro-German prime minister of Latvia. Andreas Fülberth, as a passionate lover  of  architecture, provides an interesting piece of information about the architectural rebuilding of Riga during the time of Ulmanis – we can learn the history of the Freedom Monument (1935), old town, which gained a new shape during the thirties. The  Latvinization of the town during the first independence and Sovietization during the occupation (1940-1990) is also an  interesting  fact.The book can be recommended for all readers  who do not have  broad knowledge of the history of Latvia, but it is still a very interesting journey also for those interested in the Baltic states who want to learn about some curiosities from the history of the town. Do you know why the Freedom Monument was not destroyed during the Soviet time? Do you know the history of Riga’s tube that has been never built? Do you know the mathematician Ilja Rips? If not, you should read the book of Andreas Fülberth. Andreas Fülberth, „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Ciekawy przewodnik nie tylko po Rydze, ale także po historii ŁotwyNa początku 2014 roku do rąk czytelnika niemieckiego trafiła książka autorstwa Andreasa Fülbertha „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Jest to już kolejna niemiecka publikacja o stolicy Łotwy, jednak warto podkreślić, że ostatnią znaczącą pracę ujmującą historię Rygi całościowo wydano w 1897 roku, jeszcze wtedy kiedy Inflanty stanowiły obszar niemieckiego osadnictwa. Niemcy, podobnie jak Polacy, mają problem z holistycznymi opracowaniami na temat Łotwy. Przynależność kraju do Związku Sowieckiego po 1940 roku również i Niemcom utrudniała badania historyczne, w związku z czym byli oni skazani – podobnie jak Polacy na Manteuffla – na opracowania pochodzące jeszcze z przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Książka Andreasa Fülbertha ukazała się w prestiżowym wydawnictwie Böhlau Verlag, które od lat interesuje się historią miast europejskich mających w historii związki z niemczyzną. Od strony warsztatu historycznego autorowi nie można niczego zarzucić. Jest świetnym znawcą historii nie tylko Rygi, ale także regionu, który Niemcy określają jako Baltikum. Napisana językiem naukowym (choć przystępnym dla czytelnika) praca może być uzupełnieniem do polskiej wiedzy na temat miasta Rygi, a dla niektórych – z tej racji, że ani Łotwa ani Ryga nie doczekały się w języku polskim swojej całościowej historii – pracą „pierwszego kontaktu”.


2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (52) ◽  
pp. 1559-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimalan Arinaminpathy ◽  
Christopher Dye

The ongoing global financial crisis, which began in 2007, has drawn attention to the effect of declining economic conditions on public health. A quantitative analysis of previous events can offer insights into the potential health effects of economic decline. In the early 1990s, widespread recession across Central and Eastern Europe accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union. At the same time, despite previously falling tuberculosis (TB) incidence in most countries, there was an upsurge of TB cases and deaths throughout the region. Here, we study the quantitative relationship between the lost economic productivity and excess TB cases and mortality. We use the data of the World Health Organization for TB notifications and deaths from 1980 to 2006, and World Bank data for gross domestic product. Comparing 15 countries for which sufficient data exist, we find strong linear associations between the lost economic productivity over the period of recession for each country and excess numbers of TB cases ( r 2 = 0.94, p < 0.001) and deaths ( r 2 = 0.94, p < 0.001) over the same period. If TB epidemiology and control are linked to economies in 2009 as they were in 1991 then the Baltic states, particularly Latvia, are now vulnerable to another upturn in TB cases and deaths. These projections are in accordance with emerging data on drug consumption, which indicate that these countries have undergone the greatest reductions since the beginning of 2008. We recommend close surveillance and monitoring during the current recession, especially in the Baltic states.


Author(s):  
Przemysław Furgacz

After the landmark annexation of Crimea and eruption of hybrid war in the Donbas, some states that in the past used to be under Soviet domination began to ask their stronger NATO allies for increased military presence in the Alliance Eastern flank. The worsening security environment in the Eastern Europe, the fear against potential swift Russian incursion, the relative weakness of Eastern European armies, the significant strategic exposure of the Baltic states, these factors influenced the Alliance's decision to augment NATO military presence in the states bordering Russia. Actions like deployment of additional battalions, prepositioning of heavy military equipment, intensified joint multinational military drills are intended to reassure the most vulnerable NATO member states and to deter Moscow from taking too audacious and too assaultive measures. The author shortly describes the actions NATO has made since 2014 in order to strengthen its military presence in the Eastern flank with particular emphasis on U.S.-enhanced forward presence in the region.


2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
MARK MAZOWER

In the middle of the twentieth century, state-sponsored mass killing took place in Europe on a scale unknown before or since. Although the figures are contentious, around six million civilians are estimated to have been deliberately killed under Stalin; around eleven million under Hitler (p. xiii). What makes this phenomenon all the more striking is that not only was it severely circumscribed in time – it came to an end by the early 1950s – but it was also highly localised. Eastern Europe – in particular Poland, the Baltic states, Belarus and the Ukraine – was the epicentre, and its inhabitants among the chief victims. It is the story of these lands – the ‘Bloodlands'– that Timothy Snyder, one of our leading historians of eastern Europe, has singled out. If we are to see this extraordinary spate of murderousness as the central event of the century (as Snyder argues), then we need a much clearer view than we presently have of what happened in the Bloodlands. In particular, we need to jettison the view that modern mass murder took place chiefly in concentration camps – much of the killing happened through starvation or the shooting squad – and we need to appreciate the extent to which it happened as a consequence of the intimate relationship between the regimes of Hitler and Stalin. This, in a nutshell, is the rationale for this book.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Ēriks Jēkabsons

Abstract The article discusses the attitude of the USA towards the newborn independent Baltic States in 1918–1922 using the most devastated of them—Latvia—as an example. Relations between Latvia and the United States in 1918–1922 reflect Latvia’s intense foreign policy efforts to ensure its political and social development through relations with one of the world’s most influential and powerful economies in spite of the United States’ reserved behavior. In addition, this unique era in Latvia and the Baltic States as a whole (influenced by the Soviet Russian and German factors, war and its aftermath, and the ethnically diverse and complicated social situation) illustrates the specifics of US policy towards Eastern Europe and Russia.


Subject Prospects for Central-Eastern Europe to end-2019. Significance After a strong cyclical upswing in 2017-18, the outlook for GDP growth in Central Europe and the Baltic states (CEB) will be shaped by several political milestones, notably Poland’s general election and Brexit, while softer economic conditions in the euro-area will test the resilience of the region’s export-dependent economies.


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